Finite element analysis of bending behaviour of glulam beams reinforced with CFRP plates

Finite element analysis of bending behaviour of glulam beams reinforced with CFRP plates | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Finite element analysis of bending behaviour of glulam beams reinforced with CFRP plates Ivan Glišović, Marija Todorović, Nađa Simović, Marko Pavlović This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4729590/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Timber structures can effectively be reinforced using externally or internally bonded fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. This paper presents numerical analysis of bending behaviour of glulam beams reinforced with carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) plates. Nonlinear 3-dimensional finite element model was developed and validated by experimental tests carried out on beams with CFRP plates strategically located in the tension zone between the bottom two laminations. The numerical analysis was performed using the software package ABAQUS. Glulam beams were modelled using solid elements, while membrane elements were used for CFRP plates. Suitable constitutive relations for each material were utilised in the model. The theory of anisotropic plasticity was applied to include plastic behaviour of timber laminations in the compression zone. The Hill’s criterion for orthotropic materials was used as a condition for transition to the plastic state. The progressive damage model was introduced to effectively tackle the softening behaviour of wood. The numerical results have shown good agreement with the experimental results in relation to load-deflection relationship, ultimate load and elastic stiffness. Nonlinear behaviour of reinforced beams was achieved in the numerical analysis, confirming the finite element model to be accurate past the linear-elastic range. Glulam CFRP bending finite element model progressive damage Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4729590","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":335712932,"identity":"91fb114f-a005-4924-8181-c5528678c9bf","order_by":0,"name":"Ivan Glišović","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Belgrade","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ivan","middleName":"","lastName":"Glišović","suffix":""},{"id":335712934,"identity":"a5708625-c280-4695-903b-632841426959","order_by":1,"name":"Marija Todorović","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA+ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYHACAxDBw8DAfICBwYYhgaB6HoQWNqDqNBK0gJgGxGmxZ2/e+Lii4rAM/7Qzn19XJDDkyTswP/zAuKcOty08x4oNz5w5zCNxO3eb5ZkEhmLDA2zGEgzPDuPWIpFjJtnYlsZjIJ27zbDxB0PixgYGMwaGAweI0ZLzzLAhAaSF/RtQCx6HQbTYgLQwPwRpmc/AA7KFGbeWM0C/NJyxAfolzYyxIUGi2ICZp1gi4QBuv7C3N2982FAhYc8/O/nxx4YEmzz59vaNHz7gcRgyYJNgYJBgMACZn0CUBmCK+QAi5RuIVD4KRsEoGAUjBgAAblJNarqyzMcAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Belgrade","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Marija","middleName":"","lastName":"Todorović","suffix":""},{"id":335712935,"identity":"456f4aa1-8e7d-4c41-b004-1fcc49c787d7","order_by":2,"name":"Nađa Simović","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Belgrade","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Nađa","middleName":"","lastName":"Simović","suffix":""},{"id":335712937,"identity":"60038b55-279f-4491-b507-4b0ce8a6cd4d","order_by":3,"name":"Marko Pavlović","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Delft University of Technology (TUD)","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Marko","middleName":"","lastName":"Pavlović","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-07-12 10:25:46","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4729590/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4729590/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":67192619,"identity":"b5a83010-492f-4d47-ba6f-2a5e3e5a64be","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-10-22 08:39:29","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":703379,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"FiniteElementAnalysisofBendingBehaviourofGlulamBeamsReinforcedwithCFRPPlates.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4729590/v1_covered_ebe7cc1b-cc23-405b-8e82-4f34391b0ec4.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Finite element analysis of bending behaviour of glulam beams reinforced with CFRP plates","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Glulam, CFRP, bending, finite element model, progressive damage","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4729590/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4729590/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eTimber structures can effectively be reinforced using externally or internally bonded fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. This paper presents numerical analysis of bending behaviour of glulam beams reinforced with carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) plates. Nonlinear 3-dimensional finite element model was developed and validated by experimental tests carried out on beams with CFRP plates strategically located in the tension zone between the bottom two laminations.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe numerical analysis was performed using the software package ABAQUS. Glulam beams were modelled using solid elements, while membrane elements were used for CFRP plates. Suitable constitutive relations for each material were utilised in the model. The theory of anisotropic plasticity was applied to include plastic behaviour of timber laminations in the compression zone. The Hill\u0026rsquo;s criterion for orthotropic materials was used as a condition for transition to the plastic state. The progressive damage model was introduced to effectively tackle the softening behaviour of wood.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe numerical results have shown good agreement with the experimental results in relation to load-deflection relationship, ultimate load and elastic stiffness. 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