Internet Use and Cognitive Ability Among Older Adults in China: Results From a National Household Survey

Abstract Background: Age-related cognitive decline poses a significant threat to both individual well-being and public health and can progress to conditions such as Dementia or Alzheimer’s disease. Internet use may contribute to protecting against cognitive decline through leisure engagement. Methods: This study utilizes data from the Chinese Family Panel Studies (CFPS) conducted in 2016 and 2018. Employing the entropy weight method, a comprehensive evaluation index for cognitive ability is constructed. Additionally, we employ both a multiple linear regression model and a single-step multiple mediation model to explore the relationship and mechanism linking internet use to cognitive ability among the elderly, with leisure engagement serving as a mediating factor. Results: The empirical findings indicate a positive association between internet use and the cognitive ability of older adults. Endogeneity tests and robustness analyses confirm the consistency of this conclusion. Furthermore, mediation analysis reveals that physical activity, recreational engagement, and learning activities serve as mediators in the relationship between internet use and cognitive performance. However, offline social interactions do not exhibit a significant indirect effect. Conclusion: This study suggests that internet usage may be linked to a reduced risk of cognitive impairment among older adults. To enhance cognitive abilities, governmental efforts should focus on fostering internet-related skills and promoting increased engagement in leisure activities among this demographic.