Study on the Influence of Temperature on Tire Cornering Stiffness and Aligning Stiffness

Study on the Influence of Temperature on Tire Cornering Stiffness and Aligning Stiffness | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Original Article Study on the Influence of Temperature on Tire Cornering Stiffness and Aligning Stiffness Dang Lu, Lei Lu, HaiDong Wu, Lun Li, Wei Wang, ManYi Lv This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-37902/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Based on the results of tire handling test, the cornering properties of the tire at a small range of steer angles under different temperature are obtained, and the variation law of the tire cornering characteristic parameters with the tire temperature is obtained. By establishing a tread temperature model and finite element tire model considering temperature, the mechanism of tire mechanical properties with temperature is clarified, and the expression of tread stiffness and aligning stiffness considering temperature is obtained. Then, based on the above expression and the tire brush model considering the tire temperature state, a complex brush model is established. Through the model derivation, the relationship between the temperature and the tire cornering stiffness is obtained. The relationship is used as the basic expression formula to establish the UniTire cornering model considering tire temperature. In order to verify the correctness of the model, four kinds of temperature state cornering data are used for parameter identification, and the tire cornering properties in the other two temperature states is predicted. The error between the simulation results of the prediction model and the experimental results is very small, which effectively proves the predictive ability of the UniTire cornering model considering tire temperature. This research is helpful to improve the application of UniTire model, and provide theoretical and technical support for UniTire model indoor and outdoor expansion applications Mechanical Engineering tire temperature model cornering stiffness aligning Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15 Figure 16 Figure 17 Figure 18 Figure 19 Figure 20 Figure 21 Figure 22 Figure 23 Figure 24 Figure 25 Figure 26 Figure 27 Figure 28 Figure 29 Figure 30 Figure 31 Figure 32 Figure 33 Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-37902","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Original Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":720592,"identity":"912f95d9-0d32-4179-b9ff-74c7c9a9f65e","order_by":0,"name":"Dang Lu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Jilin University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Dang","middleName":"","lastName":"Lu","suffix":""},{"id":720593,"identity":"71c4610a-22b5-4ce8-90ce-862d1b555480","order_by":1,"name":"Lei Lu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Jilin University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Lei","middleName":"","lastName":"Lu","suffix":""},{"id":720594,"identity":"c8532132-dd27-48cf-a124-70c743d6eff6","order_by":2,"name":"HaiDong Wu","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAqUlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFACHgaJDzwWIJYB8VokZ/BIkKhFGmgRCVoMbuQevG0jI5HYwN68TYKh5g4xWvKSrXN4gFp4jpVJMBx7RliL2Y0cM2mwFokcMwnGhsNEarEAaZF/Q4oWBrAtPERqsT/zxtiyh0fCuI0nrdgi4RgRWiTbcwxv/Oyxke1nP7zxxocaIrSAAWMPAwMbiJFApAYg+EG80lEwCkbBKBiBAAAZXzH2BMaAggAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Jilin University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"HaiDong","middleName":"","lastName":"Wu","suffix":""},{"id":720595,"identity":"67db12b0-d164-4421-8620-11c56e527b41","order_by":3,"name":"Lun Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"General R\u0026D Institute of China Department Expertment Unit China FAW Group Co. 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loads","description":"","filename":"Fig6.JPG","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-37902/v1/Fig6.JPG"},{"id":1426885,"identity":"9f4e853d-4bde-4f6e-990c-8a57a8e407c8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-06-26 15:52:44","extension":"jpg","order_by":29,"title":"Figure 29","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":28516,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Comparison result of lateral force and aligning torque under different temperature at 10kN loads","description":"","filename":"Fig5.JPG","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-37902/v1/Fig5.JPG"},{"id":1426884,"identity":"12f3c75c-e2c9-498d-8126-86f0b07e8007","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-06-26 15:52:44","extension":"jpg","order_by":30,"title":"Figure 30","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":28872,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Comparison result of lateral force and aligning torque under different temperature at 6kN loads","description":"","filename":"Fig4.JPG","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-37902/v1/Fig4.JPG"},{"id":1426883,"identity":"5c9e6f60-33cf-4d73-bc42-a47534469510","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-06-26 15:52:44","extension":"jpg","order_by":31,"title":"Figure 31","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":27825,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Comparison result of lateral force and aligning torque under different temperature at 4kN loads","description":"","filename":"Fig3.JPG","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-37902/v1/Fig3.JPG"},{"id":1426882,"identity":"7119b8f7-4b89-402d-848a-93f05e182630","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-06-26 15:52:44","extension":"jpg","order_by":32,"title":"Figure 32","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":30924,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"MTS CT III tire test rig","description":"","filename":"Fig2.JPG","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-37902/v1/Fig2.JPG"},{"id":1426881,"identity":"3c6037a3-1a6d-4c54-82d4-ebd6e4d9bfd4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-06-26 15:52:44","extension":"jpg","order_by":33,"title":"Figure 33","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":26289,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Tire incubator equipment","description":"","filename":"Fig1.JPG","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-37902/v1/Fig1.JPG"},{"id":1426914,"identity":"dfed68bd-3fa4-46d2-9abf-651356833b39","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-06-26 15:52:48","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1088945,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-37902/v1/manuscript.pdf"},{"id":1426880,"identity":"c2d57486-8cf3-4f9d-ab63-e64ab59ea743","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-06-26 15:52:47","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1272508,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-37902/v1_stamped.pdf"},{"id":13512130,"identity":"9497c74c-532d-42bd-9f89-83d02698d038","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-16 23:54:37","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1475488,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-37902/v1_covered.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Study on the Influence of Temperature on Tire Cornering Stiffness and Aligning Stiffness","fulltext":[{"header":"Full Text","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis preprint is available for \u003ca href='/article/rs-37902/latest.pdf' target='_blank'\u003edownload as a PDF\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"tire temperature model, cornering stiffness, aligning","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-37902/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-37902/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Based on the results of tire handling test, the cornering properties of the tire at a small range of steer angles under different temperature are obtained, and the variation law of the tire cornering characteristic parameters with the tire temperature is obtained. By establishing a tread temperature model and finite element tire model considering temperature, the mechanism of tire mechanical properties with temperature is clarified, and the expression of tread stiffness and aligning stiffness considering temperature is obtained. Then, based on the above expression and the tire brush model considering the tire temperature state, a complex brush model is established. Through the model derivation, the relationship between the temperature and the tire cornering stiffness is obtained. The relationship is used as the basic expression formula to establish the UniTire cornering model considering tire temperature. In order to verify the correctness of the model, four kinds of temperature state cornering data are used for parameter identification, and the tire cornering properties in the other two temperature states is predicted. The error between the simulation results of the prediction model and the experimental results is very small, which effectively proves the predictive ability of the UniTire cornering model considering tire temperature. This research is helpful to improve the application of UniTire model, and provide theoretical and technical support for UniTire model indoor and outdoor expansion applications","manuscriptTitle":"Study on the Influence of Temperature on Tire Cornering Stiffness and Aligning Stiffness","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2020-06-26 15:52:43","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-37902/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"388be7f2-72cc-46e7-af95-37ee37d05d2a","owner":[],"postedDate":"June 26th, 2020","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":131455,"name":"Mechanical Engineering"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2020-12-10T19:03:04+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2020-06-26 15:52:43","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-37902","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-37902","identity":"rs-37902","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"_2-kVJe1T_tPrBINL-cwx","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}