Single-trial EEG analysis reveals burst structure during photic driving

Single-trial EEG analysis reveals burst structure during photic driving | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Single-trial EEG analysis reveals burst structure during photic driving Hannes Oppermann, Antonia Thelen, Jens Haueisen This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2871389/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 01 Mar, 2024 Read the published version in Clinical Neurophysiology → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Photic driving in the human visual cortex evoked by intermittent photic stimulation is usually characterized in averaged data by an ongoing oscillation showing frequency entrainment and resonance phenomena during the course of stimulation. We challenge this view of an ongoing oscillation by analyzing unaveraged data. 64-channel EEGs were recorded during visual stimulation with light flashes at eight stimulation frequencies for fourteen healthy volunteers. Time-frequency analyses were performed in averaged and unaveraged data. While we find ongoing oscillations in the averaged data during intermittent photic stimulation, we find transient events (bursts) of activity in the unaveraged data. Both resonance and entrainment occur for the ongoing oscillations in the averaged data and the bursts in the unaveraged data. We argue that the continuous oscillations in the averaged signal may be composed of brief, transient bursts in single trials. Our results can also explain previously observed amplitude fluctuations in averaged photic driving data. Single trail analyses might consequently improve our understanding of resonance and entrainment phenomena in the brain. Photic Stimulation visual cortex alpha rhythm brain waves cortical synchronization Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files SingletrialEEGanalysisrevealsburststructureduringphoticdrivingsupplementary.pdf Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 01 Mar, 2024 Read the published version in Clinical Neurophysiology → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-2871389","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":196853017,"identity":"43ca859a-3f79-4b0f-833f-9a497f612625","order_by":0,"name":"Hannes Oppermann","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"Technische Universität Ilmenau","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hannes","middleName":"","lastName":"Oppermann","suffix":""},{"id":196853018,"identity":"741c6dd6-9338-4cdf-b6d8-61de7487150e","order_by":1,"name":"Antonia Thelen","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"eemagine Medical Imaging Solutions GmbH","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Antonia","middleName":"","lastName":"Thelen","suffix":""},{"id":196853019,"identity":"d8d6ffbf-b9e7-4241-b05e-fb5097a41506","order_by":2,"name":"Jens Haueisen","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Technische Universität Ilmenau","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jens","middleName":"","lastName":"Haueisen","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2023-04-28 06:29:21","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2871389/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2871389/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2024.01.005","type":"published","date":"2024-03-01T11:17:13+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":53083433,"identity":"d3170b88-29b9-4326-aa87-e0f56f0cd43e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-03-20 11:17:21","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":798288,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"SingletrialEEGanalysisrevealsburststructureduringphoticdrivingmanuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2871389/v1_covered_b10aaba9-8030-499d-943c-fba26a933d70.pdf"},{"id":36629586,"identity":"4fc26901-f91a-4b55-850c-00a1c76905b5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-05-04 22:35:02","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":517031,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"SingletrialEEGanalysisrevealsburststructureduringphoticdrivingsupplementary.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2871389/v1/35fa5482dbadda243782d4db.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Single-trial EEG analysis reveals burst structure during photic driving","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Photic Stimulation, visual cortex, alpha rhythm, brain waves, cortical synchronization","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2871389/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2871389/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003ePhotic driving in the human visual cortex evoked by intermittent photic stimulation is usually characterized in averaged data by an ongoing oscillation showing frequency entrainment and resonance phenomena during the course of stimulation. We challenge this view of an ongoing oscillation by analyzing unaveraged data.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e64-channel EEGs were recorded during visual stimulation with light flashes at eight stimulation frequencies for fourteen healthy volunteers. Time-frequency analyses were performed in averaged and unaveraged data.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhile we find ongoing oscillations in the averaged data during intermittent photic stimulation, we find transient events (bursts) of activity in the unaveraged data. Both resonance and entrainment occur for the ongoing oscillations in the averaged data and the bursts in the unaveraged data.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe argue that the continuous oscillations in the averaged signal may be composed of brief, transient bursts in single trials. Our results can also explain previously observed amplitude fluctuations in averaged photic driving data. 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