Polystyrene microplastics removal from aqueous solutions by magnetic iron nanoparticles

Polystyrene microplastics removal from aqueous solutions by magnetic iron nanoparticles | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Polystyrene microplastics removal from aqueous solutions by magnetic iron nanoparticles Mahdis MoghadamNejad, Rouhollah Mirzaei This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8064125/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The presence of microplastics in aquatic environments, along with their impacts on humans and other organisms, poses a global challenge. Consequently, in recent years, methods for removing these pollutants from the environment have gained significant attention from researchers. This research focused on the removal of polystyrene microplastics from aqueous solutions using magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. Polystyrene microplastics were prepared from waste generated by a plastic equipment manufacturing plant. The effects of microplastic concentration, Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle dosage, contact time, and pH on the removal of microplastics were systematically investigated. Adsorption isotherms were analyzed using the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Sips models, while adsorption kinetics were evaluated with pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. Structural characterization was performed using FTIR, XRD, SEM/EDS, BET, and VSM analyses. Results showed that increasing the contact time from 15 to 120 minutes enhanced the removal rate from 52.55% to 80.81%, reaching equilibrium thereafter. Increasing the Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle dosage from 0.02 g to 0.1 g resulted in an increase in removal efficiency from 65.85% to 80.81%. Additionally, the removal percentage decreased from 63.76% at a microplastic concentration of 1200 ppm to 55% at 2400 ppm. The highest removal efficiency was observed under neutral pH conditions. Isotherm analysis indicated that the Freundlich model best described the adsorption process (R² = 0.96). The pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R² = 0.98) provided a better fit than the pseudo-first-order model. Due to their low cost, environmental compatibility, and effective adsorption performance, Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles represent a promising option for removing microplastics from aqueous environments. Physical sciences/Chemistry Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental sciences Physical sciences/Materials science Physical sciences/Nanoscience and technology Waste plastics iron nanoparticles magnetization adsorption Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 24 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 21 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 12 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 12 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 11 Nov, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 11 Nov, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 11 Nov, 2025 Editor invited by journal 11 Nov, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 11 Nov, 2025 First submitted to journal 11 Nov, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8064125","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":544301372,"identity":"520ff618-7ab3-4b9c-a301-c757cfd59ee3","order_by":0,"name":"Mahdis MoghadamNejad","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Kashan","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mahdis","middleName":"","lastName":"MoghadamNejad","suffix":""},{"id":544301373,"identity":"9b6251c8-409b-44a9-a6a7-cfb5a5e4138d","order_by":1,"name":"Rouhollah 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nanoparticles","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Waste plastics, iron 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Consequently, in recent years, methods for removing these pollutants from the environment have gained significant attention from researchers. This research focused on the removal of polystyrene microplastics from aqueous solutions using magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. Polystyrene microplastics were prepared from waste generated by a plastic equipment manufacturing plant. The effects of microplastic concentration, Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle dosage, contact time, and pH on the removal of microplastics were systematically investigated. Adsorption isotherms were analyzed using the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Sips models, while adsorption kinetics were evaluated with pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. Structural characterization was performed using FTIR, XRD, SEM/EDS, BET, and VSM analyses. Results showed that increasing the contact time from 15 to 120 minutes enhanced the removal rate from 52.55% to 80.81%, reaching equilibrium thereafter. Increasing the Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle dosage from 0.02 g to 0.1 g resulted in an increase in removal efficiency from 65.85% to 80.81%. Additionally, the removal percentage decreased from 63.76% at a microplastic concentration of 1200 ppm to 55% at 2400 ppm. The highest removal efficiency was observed under neutral pH conditions. Isotherm analysis indicated that the Freundlich model best described the adsorption process (R\u0026sup2; = 0.96). The pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R\u0026sup2; = 0.98) provided a better fit than the pseudo-first-order model. Due to their low cost, environmental compatibility, and effective adsorption performance, Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles represent a promising option for removing microplastics from aqueous environments.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Polystyrene microplastics removal from aqueous solutions by magnetic iron nanoparticles","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-11-22 14:36:08","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8064125/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-11-24T10:21:21+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-11-21T06:58:54+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-11-12T14:15:53+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"162429519634267360883621383312651394709","date":"2025-11-12T06:21:29+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"86604939963789029158060982281556075915","date":"2025-11-11T22:29:45+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-11-11T16:41:01+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-11-11T16:39:31+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2025-11-11T13:21:11+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-11-11T12:56:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2025-11-11T12:51:44+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"cfda4228-b431-4586-98c5-4bfb99614b53","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 22nd, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"in-revision","subjectAreas":[{"id":57910680,"name":"Physical sciences/Chemistry"},{"id":57910681,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental sciences"},{"id":57910682,"name":"Physical sciences/Materials science"},{"id":57910683,"name":"Physical sciences/Nanoscience and technology"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-11-24T10:23:49+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-11-22 14:36:08","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8064125","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8064125","identity":"rs-8064125","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}