Abstract
Water and wastewater infrastructure and systems continue to be targeted by threat actors amid rapid digital transformation, yet governance mechanisms lag behind technical security measures. To address this shortcoming, this paper proposes a vulnerability-informed governance framework that bridges technical vulnerability analysis with regulatory and management functions for cyber-resilient water and wastewater infrastructure. Based on the existing water governance literature and system dynamics modeling of cyberphysical vulnerabilities from four water and wastewater architectures: SWRO, SWAT, Wastewater, and CENTER, this study developed a five-step approach mapping vulnerability to governance functions and interventions. The framework integrates regulation functions with management arrangements while incorporating adaptive governance attributes essential for resilience. This study presents a vulnerability-to-policy mapping methodology and implementation pathways through first-order (enabling conditions), second-order (behavioral change), and third and fourth-order (measurable resilience improvements) outcomes. This work contributes a systematic approach for translating cybersecurity vulnerability findings into actionable governance and cybersecurity governance instruments for cyber-physical systems of a water infrastructure.
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Governance Framework for Resilient Critical Infrastructure | Authorea try { document.documentElement.classList.add('js'); } catch (e) { } var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'G-8VDV14Y67G']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); Skip to main content Preprints Collections Wiley Open Research IET Open Research Ecological Society of Japan All Collections About About Authorea FAQs Contact Us Quick Search anywhere Search for preprint articles, keywords, etc. Search Search ADVANCED SEARCH SCROLL This is a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 10 February 2026 V1 Latest version Share on Governance Framework for Resilient Critical Infrastructure Authors : Taiwo Akinremi 0009-0004-3763-3300 [email protected] and Jacques Bou Abdo Authors Info & Affiliations https://doi.org/10.22541/au.177075301.11462134/v1 81 views 74 downloads Contents Abstract Supplementary Material Information & Authors Metrics & Citations View Options References Figures Tables Media Share Abstract Water and wastewater infrastructure and systems continue to be targeted by threat actors amid rapid digital transformation, yet governance mechanisms lag behind technical security measures. To address this shortcoming, this paper proposes a vulnerability-informed governance framework that bridges technical vulnerability analysis with regulatory and management functions for cyber-resilient water and wastewater infrastructure. Based on the existing water governance literature and system dynamics modeling of cyberphysical vulnerabilities from four water and wastewater architectures: SWRO, SWAT, Wastewater, and CENTER, this study developed a five-step approach mapping vulnerability to governance functions and interventions. The framework integrates regulation functions with management arrangements while incorporating adaptive governance attributes essential for resilience. This study presents a vulnerability-to-policy mapping methodology and implementation pathways through first-order (enabling conditions), second-order (behavioral change), and third and fourth-order (measurable resilience improvements) outcomes. This work contributes a systematic approach for translating cybersecurity vulnerability findings into actionable governance and cybersecurity governance instruments for cyber-physical systems of a water infrastructure. Supplementary Material File (governance_framework.pdf) Download 193.70 KB Information & Authors Information Version history V1 Version 1 10 February 2026 Copyright This work is licensed under a Non Exclusive No Reuse License. Keywords critical infrastructure protection cyber resilience governance framework water infrastructure Authors Affiliations Taiwo Akinremi 0009-0004-3763-3300 [email protected] View all articles by this author Jacques Bou Abdo View all articles by this author Metrics & Citations Metrics Article Usage 81 views 74 downloads .FvxKWukQNSOunydq8rnd { width: 100px; } Citations Download citation Taiwo Akinremi, Jacques Bou Abdo. Governance Framework for Resilient Critical Infrastructure. Authorea . 10 February 2026. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.177075301.11462134/v1 If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download. 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