Nano-Enhanced Concrete: Unveiling the Impact of Nano-Silica on Durability, Strength, and Cost Efficiency

Abstract This study delves into the cutting-edge use of nano-silica (nS) in concrete, underscoring its remarkable ability to bolster both the mechanical properties and longevity of concrete structures. Distinguishing itself from previous research, this study not only investigates standard performance metrics such as compressive strength, water absorption, air permeability, and drying shrinkage but also scrutinizes the impact of nS on production costs. Through rigorous experimental procedures, the research meticulously formulated concrete mixes with varied water to binder (w/b) ratios of 0.33, 0.45, and 0.55, incorporating nS proportions of 0, 1, 3, and 5 percent relative to the binder's weight. The findings reveal that a 3% nS admixture optimally enhances compressive strength and diminishes both water and gas permeability, although it concurrently increases drying shrinkage. Importantly, the cost analysis reveals that even a minimal 1% addition of nS can significantly escalate production expenses, highlighting the critical balance between economic feasibility and performance enhancement required for nS's practical integration into concrete applications.