The spatiotemporal brain dynamics of cognitive control

The spatiotemporal brain dynamics of cognitive control | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article The spatiotemporal brain dynamics of cognitive control Reza Mazloum, Jeanette Popovova, Michael Rosio, Gianluca Macauda, and 6 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4281192/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Understanding the neural foundations of response inhibition is pivotal to unraveling parts of the mechanisms of cognitive control. Advanced human neuroimaging is able to converge the temporal precision of electroencephalography (EEG) with the spatial accuracy of simultaneous EEG-functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG-fMRI) to illustrate the intricate neural dynamics at play during a Go/No-Go (GNG) task, as performed by fifty-five right-handed participants. Our analysis reveals the influence of beta oscillations in the right anterior insular cortex (AIC) and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG)— areas implicated in impulse control— during the early event-related potentials (ERPs) component (N1), therefore marking the commencement of sensory processing and the mobilization of cognitive control networks. Subsequently, the propagation of beta oscillations into the left AIC and IFG underlines their importance to sensory integration. Following the early ERP stages, the engagement of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) during the late ERP component (P3) accentuates its function in arbitrating cognitive control and decision-making. Furthermore, the subsequent activations within the supplementary motor area (SMA) and primary motor cortex (M1) demarcate their roles in network operation and action termination. In light of the recent surge in interest in exploring the nuances of response inhibition under diverse stimulus visibility thresholds — specifically supraliminal versus subliminal — we too investigated the impact of perceptual awareness on the activation of the response inhibition network. We discerned divergent neural activations between conditions: the supraliminal state induced uniform activity across the network, whereas subliminal conditions presented a more convoluted, reciprocal pattern among these regions and the visual cortex. Our inquiry furthers the understanding of the temporal and oscillatory mechanisms that fortify response inhibition, offering perspectives on the implicated brain regions and their functional orchestration in response to varying stimulus visibility. This work holds promise for the development of time-efficient, imaging-based biomarkers that could facilitate the diagnosis of conditions characterized by impaired impulse control, such as addiction and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biological sciences/Neuroscience/Cognitive neuroscience/Cognitive control Biological sciences/Neuroscience/Cognitive neuroscience/Perception Biological sciences/Neuroscience/Cognitive neuroscience/Consciousness Biological sciences/Biological techniques/Electrophysiology/Electroencephalography – EEG Biological sciences/Biological techniques/Imaging/Functional magnetic resonance imaging Full Text Additional Declarations There is NO Competing Interest. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4281192","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":292291594,"identity":"65fd5193-e743-4e86-b597-f4b0ac24ee81","order_by":0,"name":"Reza 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Advanced human neuroimaging is able to converge the temporal precision of electroencephalography (EEG) with the spatial accuracy of simultaneous EEG-functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG-fMRI) to illustrate the intricate neural dynamics at play during a Go/No-Go (GNG) task, as performed by fifty-five right-handed participants. Our analysis reveals the influence of beta oscillations in the right anterior insular cortex (AIC) and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG)— areas implicated in impulse control— during the early event-related potentials (ERPs) component (N1), therefore marking the commencement of sensory processing and the mobilization of cognitive control networks.\r\n\r\nSubsequently, the propagation of beta oscillations into the left AIC and IFG underlines their importance to sensory integration. 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