Generalized Transport Modeling of Monovalent and Divalent Ion Conduction in Pectin Biopolymer Electrolytes

Generalized Transport Modeling of Monovalent and Divalent Ion Conduction in Pectin Biopolymer Electrolytes | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Generalized Transport Modeling of Monovalent and Divalent Ion Conduction in Pectin Biopolymer Electrolytes Jegadeeswaran Sivakumar This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8651772/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Pectin-based biopolymer electrolytes have emerged as promising sustainable alternatives to conventional polymer electrolyte systems. In this work, I evaluate the transport behavior of pectin-based polymer electrolytes using a salt-resolved continuum percolation framework applied to monovalent (Li + , NH 4 + ) and divalent (Mg 2 + , Zn 2 + ) cation systems within a common biopolymer host. Experimental ionic conductivity data were digitized from published literature and used exclusively for model validation. The framework captures composition-dependent ionic transport by combining a modified percolation model with an effective aggregation penalty that accounts for ion pairing, electrostatic crosslinking, and polymer coordination effects. Consistent with established physicochemical trends in polysaccharide-based electrolytes, non-linear regression indicates a systematic suppression of effective ion mobility with increasing ionic charge and coordination strength. My model reproduces dominant conductivity trends with root-mean-square errors on the order of 10 −3 –10 −5 S cm −1 across all fitted systems. This demonstrates that key transport behavior can be captured using a compact scaling model without over-parameterization. The framework enables direct, salt-resolved comparison of charge-driven transport constraints within pectin-based solid polymer electrolytes Materials Theory and Modeling Materials Chemistry Soft Condensed-matter Physics polymer electrolytes ion transport modeling percolation theory soft matter biopolymer materials ionic conductivity continuum transport structure–property relationships Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Supplementary Files SIFittedParametersandVPI.csv Fitter parameters. SIRawDigitizedData.csv Raw Digitized Data Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8651772","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":577625835,"identity":"e96d3e4e-3eb8-4ed7-969e-2a5f22ae9c59","order_by":0,"name":"Jegadeeswaran Sivakumar","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA10lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACxgYGhoNAzMMP4iUUkKJFsgGkxYAEmxgMDoCYxGhhbm+/eHBGTZ2M8fnViR8eGDDI84sdIGBDz5mCgxuOHeYxu/F2swTQYYYzZycQ0DIjJ+HgA7YDQC1nN4C0JBjcJqRl/hugln91PMYzzm7+QZyWGewHDm5sY+Yx4O/dRqQtPTkMB2f2HeaRuMG7zSLBQIKwXwzbjz/+2POtzp6//+zmmz8qbOT5pQlpaeCBxoUEWKUEfuUgIM/A/gDC4j9AWPUoGAWjYBSMTAAA5GFLsBve7J4AAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jegadeeswaran","middleName":"","lastName":"Sivakumar","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-01-20 17:47:27","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8651772/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8651772/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":100787768,"identity":"87d720b0-d111-42ab-b145-ca321a972220","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-21 12:03:44","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":621793,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"PaperFinal.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8651772/v1_covered_52d93d2c-51e3-45a3-9eb1-8a535b11d2a4.pdf"},{"id":100786622,"identity":"4944522b-8606-4042-acae-4dd2847c6f26","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-21 11:59:54","extension":"csv","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":236,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eFitter parameters.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"SIFittedParametersandVPI.csv","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8651772/v1/6a17192e78b6a3114a1c0752.csv"},{"id":100786658,"identity":"2b9ff9b9-e26b-49e3-94ff-3c995b7ef08d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-21 11:59:59","extension":"csv","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":672,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eRaw Digitized Data\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"SIRawDigitizedData.csv","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8651772/v1/8e7e6b1e475dd46057a578a2.csv"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eGeneralized Transport Modeling of Monovalent and Divalent Ion Conduction in Pectin Biopolymer Electrolytes\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"polymer electrolytes, ion transport modeling, percolation theory, soft matter, biopolymer materials, ionic conductivity, continuum transport, structure–property relationships","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8651772/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8651772/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003ePectin-based biopolymer electrolytes have emerged as promising sustainable alternatives to conventional polymer electrolyte systems. In this work, I evaluate the transport behavior of pectin-based polymer electrolytes using a salt-resolved continuum percolation framework applied to monovalent (Li\u003csup\u003e+\u003c/sup\u003e, NH\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e+ \u003c/sup\u003e) and divalent (Mg\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003csub\u003e+\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e, Zn\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003csub\u003e+\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e) cation systems within a common biopolymer host. Experimental ionic conductivity data were digitized from published literature and used exclusively for model validation.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe framework captures composition-dependent ionic transport by combining a modified percolation model with an effective aggregation penalty that accounts for ion pairing, electrostatic crosslinking, and polymer coordination effects. Consistent with established physicochemical trends in polysaccharide-based electrolytes, non-linear regression indicates a systematic suppression of effective ion mobility with increasing ionic charge and coordination strength.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMy model reproduces dominant conductivity trends with root-mean-square errors on the order of 10\u003csup\u003e−3\u003c/sup\u003e–10\u003csup\u003e−5\u003c/sup\u003e S cm\u003csup\u003e−1\u003c/sup\u003e across all fitted systems. This demonstrates that key transport behavior can be captured using a compact scaling model without over-parameterization. The framework enables direct, salt-resolved comparison of charge-driven transport constraints within pectin-based solid polymer electrolytes\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Generalized Transport Modeling of Monovalent and Divalent Ion Conduction in Pectin Biopolymer Electrolytes","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-01-21 11:38:05","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8651772/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"2fe56803-a3ba-45a6-a40f-0c15b1468b80","owner":[],"postedDate":"January 21st, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":61454888,"name":"Materials Theory and Modeling"},{"id":61454889,"name":"Materials Chemistry"},{"id":61454890,"name":"Soft Condensed-matter Physics"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-01-21T11:38:05+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-01-21 11:38:05","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8651772","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8651772","identity":"rs-8651772","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}