Infection within 2 weeks before liver transplantation closely related to prognosis of posttransplant infection: a single-center retrospective observational study in China

Infection within 2 weeks before liver transplantation closely related to prognosis of posttransplant infection: a single-center retrospective observational study in China | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research article Infection within 2 weeks before liver transplantation closely related to prognosis of posttransplant infection: a single-center retrospective observational study in China Yue Ying, Rui-Dong Li, Jing-Wen Ai, Yi-Min Zhu, Xian Zhou, Yi-Yi Qian, and 11 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.2.9647/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 01 Aug, 2020 Read the published version in Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background Infections still represent the main factors influencing morbidity and mortality following liver transplantation. This study is to evaluate the incidence and risk factors for infection and survival after liver transplantation. Methods We retrospectively examined medical records in 210 recipients who underwent liver transplantation between April 2015 and October 2017 in our center. Results During the median follow-up days of 214, the incidence of infection after liver transplantation was 46.7% (n=98): namely, pneumonia (43.4%), biliary tract infection (21.9%) and peritonitis (21.4%). Among the pathogens in pneumonia, the most frequently isolated was Acinetobacter baumanii (23.5%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (21.1%). For biliary tract infection, the first rank was Strenotrophomonas maltophilia (14.0%) and then Klebsiella pneumoniae (11.6%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Strenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Klebsiella pneumoniae accounted for 21.4%, 11.9% and 11.9% of pathogens in peritonitis, respectively. The independent risk factors for infection after liver transplantation are model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) or pediatric end-stage liver disease (PELD) score, total blood loss in operation and duration of drainage tube. All-cause mortality was 11.0% (n=23). The prognostic factors for postoperative infection in transplant recipients are infection, especially pneumonia within 2 weeks before transplantation, complication with impaired renal function and higher MELD or PELD score after 7 days of transplantation. Kaplan–Meier curves of survival showed that recipients with infection within 2 weeks before transplantation had a significantly lower cumulative survival rate compared with those without infection (66.7% vs 91.9%, HR=4.480, 95% CI, 3.377-47.85; p<0.001). Conclusions Infection, especially pneumonia within 2 weeks before transplantation are independent prognostic factors for postoperative infection in transplant recipients. Infectious Diseases Infection liver transplantation epidemiology risk factors MELD score Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Background Liver transplantation remains an effective procedure for multiple end-stage liver diseases. With the widespread use of potent immunosuppressive agents, the incidence of allograft rejection was reduced while opportunistic infections increased. Despite efficacious antimicrobial prophylaxis and vaccination to some pathogens, infections still represent the main factors influencing morbidity and mortality following liver transplantation. 1-5 In infections after liver transplantation, epidemiologic exposures included donor-derived infections and recipient-derived infections. Transplanted organs facilitate the transmission of infections from organ donors. 1 Colonized or latent infections of recipients could be activated due to immunosuppression state after transplantation. However, the data about these were rare. According to several previous reports, the spectrum of major infections occurring after transplantation has undergone a striking evolution 4 . So, knowledge of pathogen spectrum was very useful to help effective empirical treatment. In this study, we surveyed infection rate and pathogen distribution after liver transplantation and analyzed the impact of donor or recipient factors on infection and survival. Methods General population This was a retrospective, single center research. A total of 217 consecutive patients who underwent liver transplantation between April 2015 and October 2017 were eligible to participate in the research. 7 patients were excluded because they died within 7 days after transplantation. At last, 210 patients were included in the study. Patient records were reviewed at the end of the study and follow-up information was obtained from referring physicians. Surveillance viral load testing for cytomegalovirus (CMV) were performed every week for the first month after transplant. Other cultures were ordered as dictated by the clinical situation. The study was approved by the hospital’s ethics committee. Surgery and immunosuppression All patients underwent orthotopic liver transplantation either with primary anastomosis of the bile duct or choledochojejunostomy. Standard immunosuppression often included tacrolimus (FK506), mycophenolate (MMF) and corticosteroids. FK506 was initially administered at a dosage of 3mg every 12 hours orally as soon as the patient was able to take oral medication, usually less than three days after surgery. FK506 was then adjusted according to blood levels. The target level for tacrolimus was 10–12 ng/ml during the first month and 8–10 ng/ml after the second month. Oral MMF was given at the dosage of 500mg twice a day after 12 days of surgery. 240mg of methylprednisolone was administered intravenously on the day of surgery. This was reduced to 180 mg on the day after surgery and then rapidly tapered so that by day 6 the patient was receiving 40 mg of methylprednisolone. Oral therapy with an equivalent dose of prednisone was employed when the patient was able to take oral medicine. Baxilimab (20mg) was given intravenously in the surgery as dictated by clinical situation. Antimicrobial treatment Once recipients were diagnosed as infection, they would receive empirical antimicrobial treatment, then turning to etiological treatment after the results of culture and susceptibility were applicable. When viral load testing for CMV was positive, intravenous ganciclovir 250mg every 12 hours was given until viral eradication was achieved, but not shorter than 2 weeks. Definition of infections We attempted to identify all infections which occurred after transplantation and categorize them according to time after transplantation, site of infection, type of pathogen, and outcome. Strict criteria were employed to define infections included in this study. They are as follows: Bloodstream infection was defined by the isolation in at least 1 blood culture of Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida species or aerobic gram-negative rods. For other pathogens, the isolation of the bacteria in 2 blood cultures or in 1 positive blood culture and in a culture from a known site of infection was required. Abdominal infection was diagnosed if the peritoneal neutrophil count was > 200 polymorphonuclear cells and if a pathogen was isolated. In cases where no cell counts were obtained, a Gram stain of peritoneal fluid showing ≥ 1 polymorphonuclear cell per oil field was sufficient. Biliary tract infection required the presence of fever, right upper quadrant pain, and elevation of liver function tests together with either evidence of cholangitis on liver biopsy or isolation of the same organism from both the T-tube drain and blood. Pneumonia required the appearance of new infiltrates on chest radiograph, the onset of new respiratory symptoms (cough, dyspnea) or hypoxemia, and the isolation of bacteria in heavy growth from purulent sputum. A diagnosis of CMV pneumonia also required a temperature elevation ≥ 38℃ for at least 2 days within a 4-day period, the presence of neutropenia or thrombocytopenia, and the detection of CMV DNA in blood. Statistical analysis Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to find the risk factors and prognostic factors for infection after transplantation. We used Mann-Whitney U test and chi-square test for the univariate analysis and all variables with a p value< 0.05 were defined as significant. We further conducted logistic regression for the multivariate analysis with factors proved to be significant. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to calculate the overall survival in the recipients who got infection after transplantation. All analyses were performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 17.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) and Graphpad Prism, version 6.02 (Graphpad Software, San Diego, CA, USA). Results Spectrum of patient information and incidence of postoperative infection Of all the 210 patients in this study, the most common underlying disease was viral hepatitis (139 cases, 66.2%), then inherited liver diseases (24 cases, 11.4%) and autoimmune liver disease (16 cases, 6%) (Table 1). In total, 196 episodes of infection occurred after transplantation during the median following days of 214. Every patient experienced on average 0.93 episodes of infection. In all, 98 patients were defined as postoperative infection, and the incidence of infection reached 46.7%. (Figure 1) The most frequent pathogen was Enterobacteriaceae with 41 episodes, including Klebsiella pneumoniae , Enterobacter cloacae and Serratia marcescens . The second most common isolated organism was Acinetobacter baumanii (27 cases), which only occurred in 1 month after transplantation. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Strenotrophomonas maltophilia was isolated in 21 and 22 cases, respectively. Regarding viral infection, cytomegalovirus was the most common with 12 episodes. In total, 12 episodes of fungal infection were noted, and the most frequent pathogen was Candida albicans (10 cases). (Table 2) Sites of infection and microbial aetiology Respiratory tract was the most common site of infection (43.4%), then biliary tract (21.9%), abdomen (21.4%) and bloodstream (7.6%). Among the pathogen in pneumonia, the most frequently isolated was Acinetobacter baumanii (23.5%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (21.1%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Strenotrophomonas maltophilia , and Klebsiella pneumoniae accounted for 21.4%, 11.9% and 11.9% of pathogens in peritonitis, respectively. For biliary tract infection, the first rank was Strenotrophomonas maltophilia (14%), then Klebsiella pneumoniae (11.6%), while Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecium (9.3%) were in the equal third place. Only 15 episodes of bloodstream infection occurred, and Staphylococcus was the most common pathogen. (40%, Figure 2) Risk factors for infection after liver transplantation In univariate analysis, we found infection-related factors included: age, model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) or pediatric end-stage liver disease (PELD) score and infection within 2 weeks before transplantation, especially pneumonia other than peritonitis, amount of blood loss and duration time of drainage tube (Table 3). In multivariate analysis, the independent risk factors of infection after liver transplantation are MELD or PELD before transplantation (18.2 vs 12.4, p=0.002), amount of blood loss in operation (2.3L vs 1.1L, p=0.002) and duration time of drainage tube (29.6d vs 12.8d, p=0.009). Recipient survival and prognostic factors for infection after liver transplantation During the median follow-up days of 214, all-cause mortality was 11.0% (23/210). The causes of death included three main categories: infection, poor graft function and others. 42% was infection-associated death, while poor graft function accounted for 29%. In a total of 98 patients with infection after transplantation, 82 people survived. (Figure 1) In the univariate analysis, infection within 2 weeks before transplantation (especially pneumonia other than peritonitis), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <50ml/min after transplantation and MELD or PELD score before or after 7 days of transplantation were identified as prognostic factors (Table 4). Multivariate analysis revealed that independent prognostic factors were infection within 2 weeks before transplantation (OR 5.3, 95%CI, 1.143-24.578) and MELD or PELD score after 7 days of transplantation (OR 1.298, 95%CI, 1.105-1.526, Table 3). When recipients suffered from infection within 2 weeks before transplantation, although infection was controlled on the day of transplantation, they had a significantly lower survival compared to those not infected in Kaplan-Meier analysis (67.6% vs 91.3%, HR=4.480, 95%CI, 3.377-47.85; p<0.001, Figure 3). Discussion Among all the liver transplant recipients, infection is a problem to be concerned. Comparing to patients with normal immune function, the diagnosis of infection is delayed because diminished signs and symptoms. Also, the spectrum of potential pathogens is broader and infection often progress more rapidly 1 . So, it is very important to learn the risk and prognostic factors of infection after liver transplantation. In our study, MELD or PELD score is the major risk and prognostic factor regarding to infection after transplantation, which is similar to other studies. 6-8 . MELD or PELD score are used to evaluate the liver function of patients waiting to process liver transplantation, either in adult or pediatric. 9-10 With extreme poor hepatic function, these recipients might have a lower level of immune defense against invasive microbial. We also found whether MELD or PELD score recover to normal after transplantation is associated with survival rate, like other studies reported 11-12 . With failed recovery of liver function after liver transplantation, patients suffering from infections are more likely to be not survived. In our hospital, the incidence of infection after liver transplantation reached 46.7%. It was consistent with the previous reports studied in China, in which 15%-69% of patients acquired postoperative infection 13-17 . Most infection occurred in the first month after liver transplantation, which is related to surgical complications as for traditional view 18 . However, the most common site of infection is not surgical site, but the respiratory tract and Gram-negative pathogens are major pathogens. Our findings were also supported by other studies in China 14-15 . These indicated that the pattern of posttransplant infection was changed and nosocomial infection might be the most important epidemiological exposure in the first month after transplantation in China. The reason for most Chinese patients receiving liver transplantation is cirrhosis based on chronic hepatitis B 19 . As we found in the study, viral hepatitis accounts for 65.3% of underlying disease. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is a common complication of cirrhosis. Meanwhile, pneumonia and biliary tract infection are also not rare in the case of chronic cirrhosis. As a result, a large number of patients got infection before transplantation. It is recommended that active infection in transplant recipients should be controlled before transplantation, since immunosuppression will exacerbate the infectious process. 1 In this study, there were 18 patients (8.6%) having infections within 2 weeks before transplantation. Although their infections were all controlled on the day of transplantation, it remained to be a risk and prognostic factor for infection after transplantation. Among all the infections, pneumonia seemed to be more related than other infections. In 20 patients suffering pneumonia within 2 weeks before transplantation, 15 patients (75%) got pneumonia again after transplantation. While among 244 patients without pneumonia before, only 98 (40.2%) got pneumonia after transplantation. (p=0.004, data not shown). We assume the explanation might be that the pathogens become latent, aren`t eradicated thoroughly due to lack of treatment course and cause poorer barrier function, especially for the respiratory tract, leading to reactivation of infection in the immunosuppressed state after transplantation. Although we can`t prove these infections are exactly recipient-derived, infections within 2 weeks before transplantation should be paid close attention. This study had some limitations. First, this is a single center study, and the results can be biased because of different pathogen distribution and higher antibiotic resistance rate than other medical institutions in China. Second, our study was retrospective, and the lack of some information, such as bile complication information other than infection, might cause some biases in data statistics. Conclusions We concluded that risk factors for infection after liver transplantation are MELD or PELD score and infection, especially pneumonia within 2 weeks before transplantation. The prognostic factors for postoperative infection in transplant recipients are infection, especially pneumonia within 2 weeks before transplantation, complication with impaired renal function and MELD or PELD score after 7 days of transplantation. Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate The study was approved by the ethics committee of Huashan hospital, Fudan University. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Consent for publication Not applicable. Availability of data and materials The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Funding Not applicable. Author`s contributions Y.Y participated in the performance of the research, in the writing of the paper, and in data analysis. R.D.L participated in the performance of the research and in the admission and management of the patients. J.W.A participated in data analysis. Y.M.Z, X.Z, Y.Y.Q, X.C.C, X.Y.W, H.C.Z, Y.L and S.S.W participated in the data collection. T.G. participated in general supervision of infection control service and in the performance of the research. Y.Q.Y participated in research design and data analysis. Y.F.T and X.F.Z. participated as general supervision of transplant unit and in the performance of the research. W.H.Z. participated in the revising the article. Y.X.H. and Z.X.W. participated in research design, in the performance of the research and in the writing of the article. Acknowledgements Not applicable. References [1] Fishman J. Infection in solid-organ transplant recipients. N Eng J Med. 2007;357(25):2601-14. [2] Romero FA and Razonable RR. Infections in liver transplant recipients. World J Hepatol. 2011;3(4):83-92. [3] Patel R and Paya CV. Infections in solid-organ transplant recipients. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1997; 10(1):86-124. [4] Chang FY, Singh N, Gayowski T, et al. Fever in liver transplant recipients: changing spectrum of etiologic agents. Clin Infect Dis. 1998;26(1):59-65. [5] Kawecki D, Chmura A, Pacholczyk M, et al. Bacterial infections in the early period after liver transplantation: etiological agents and their susceptibility. Med Sci Monit. 2009;15(12):CR628-37. [6] Yoshizumi T, Shirabe K, Ikegami T, et al. Decreased immunoglobulin G levels after living-donor liver transplantation is a risk factor for bacterial infection and sepsis. Transpl Infect Dis. 2014;16(2):225-31. [7] Avkan-Oguz V, Ozkardesler S, Unek T, et al. Risk factors for early bacterial infections in liver transplantation. Transplant Proc. 2013;45(3):993-7. [8] Kaido T, Egawa H, Tsuji H, et al. In-hospital mortality in adult recipients of living donor liver transplantation: experience of 576 consecutive cases at a single center. Liver Transplant. 2009;15: 1420–25. [9] Singal AK and Kamath PS. Model for End-stage Liver Disease. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2013;3(1):50-60. [10] Bourdeaux C, Tri TT, Gras J, et al. PELD score and posttransplant outcome in pediatric liver transplantation: a retrospective study of 100 recipients. Transplantation. 2005;79 (9):1273-76. [11] Györi GP, Silberhumer GR, Rahmel A, de Vries E, Soliman T, Zehetmayer, et al. Impact of dynamic changes in MELD score on survival after liver transplantation - a Eurotransplant registry analysis. Liver Int. 2016;36(7):1011-7. [12] Zakareya T, Abbasy M, Abdel-Razek W, Elsiesy H, Abal Khail F, Al Sebayel M, et al. Utility of post-liver transplantation MELD and delta MELD in predicting early and late mortality. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;29(12):1424-27. [13] Jeong S, Wang X, Wan P, et al. Risk factors and survival outcomes of biliary complications after adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation. United European Gastroenterol J. 2017;5(7):997-1006. [14] Li C, Wen TF, Mi K, et al. Analysis of infections in the first 3-month after living donor liver transplantation. World J Gastroenterol. 2012;18(16):1975-80. [15] Tu Z, Xiang P, Xu X, et al. DCD liver transplant infection: experience from a single centre in China. Int J Clin Pract. 2016;70(Suppl 185):3-10. [16] Zhang ML, Xu J, Zhang W, et al. Microbial epidemiology and risk factors of infections in recipients after DCD liver transplantation. Int J Clin Pract. 2016;70(Suppl 185):17-21. [17] Wan QQ, Ye QF, Ming YZ, et al. The risk factors for mortality in deceased donor liver transplant recipients with bloodstream infections. Transplant Proc. 2013;45(1):305-7. [18] Patel R and Paya C V. Infections in solid-organ transplant recipients. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1997,10(1):86-124. Tables Table 1 Recipient characteristics Liver transplantation recipients (n=210) Age, mean (range) 45.1 (0.6-69) Gender (Male), n (%) 167 (79.5) Underlying disease Viral hepatitis, n (%) 139 (66.2) Inherited disease, n (%) 24 (11.4) Autoimmune liver disease, n (%) 11 (5.2) HCC, n (%) 11 (5.2) Toxic (alcohol or drug-related), n (%) 13 (6.2) Cirrhosis, unknown etiology, n (%) 3 (1.4) Others, n (%) 9 (4.3) HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma Table 2 Common pathogens of different periods after liver transplantation Pathogen 3 Months Total Enterobacteriaceae 28 10 3 41 Acinetobacter baumanii 27 0 0 27 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 19 2 0 21 Strenotrophomonas maltophilia 18 1 3 22 Staphylococcus 14 1 3 18 Enterococcus 10 2 2 14 Cytomegalovirus 9 3 0 12 Fungus 10 1 1 12 Table 3 Risk factors of infection after liver transplantation Variables With infection (n=98) Without infection (n=112) P value P value-MA Preoperative variables Age, mean (range) 48.1 (3-69) 42.4 (0.6-67) 0.016 Gender (Male), n (%) 78 (79.6) 89 (79.5) 1.000 Diabetes, n (%) 22 (22.4) 18 (16.1) 0.291 MELD or PELD before LT, mean (range) 18.2 (3-43) 12.4 (-9-46) <0.001 0.002 Infection within 2 weeks before LT, n (%) 18 (18.4) 6 (5.4) 0.004 Pneumonia before LT 11 (11.2) 3 (2.7) 0.023 Peritonitis before LT 5 (5.1) 2 (1.8) 0.255 Intraoperative variables Duration of operation, mean (range), hours 7.95 (5-20.5) 7.74 (4.5-19) 0.494 Blood loss, mean (range), L 2.3 (0.2-22) 1.1 (0.1-5) <0.001 0.002 Biliary anastomosis: Roux-en-Y, n (%) 4 (4.1) 11 (9.8) 0.178 Postoperative variables Immunosuppression with baxilimab, n (%) 12 (12.2) 15 (13.4) 0.839 Reoperation, n (%) 10 (10.2) 4 (3.6) 0.093 Rejection, n (%) 12 (12.2) 8 (7.1) 0.243 Duration time of drainage tube, day 29.6 (3-282) 12.8 (1-66) <0.001 0.009 LT, liver transplantation; MELD, model for end-stage liver disease; PELD, pediatric end-stage liver disease; DCD, donation after cardiac death Table 4 Univariate risk factors of mortality in 98 patients with postoperative infection Variable Survival (n=82) Death (n=16) P value P value-MA Odds ratio 95% confidence interval Age, mean (range) 47.83 (3-67) 49.56 (5-69) 0.663 Gender (Male), n (%) 68 (82.9) 10 (62.5) 0.088 Infection within 2 weeks before LT, n (%) 11 (13.4) 7 (43.8) 0.009 0.033 5.300 1.143-24.578 Pneumonia before LT 6 (7.3) 5 (31.2) 0.016 Peritonitis before LT 2 (2.4) 3 (18.8) 0.030 MELD or PELD before LT, mean (range) 17.7 (3-43) 20.8 (6-37) 0.248 MELD or PELD after 7 days of LT, mean (range) 14.0 (8-28) 23.7 (15-43) 0.003 0.002 1.298 1.105-1.526 Rejection, n (%) 12 (14.6) 0 (0) 0.206 Complication after LT eGFR<50ml/min after LT , n (%) 10 (12.2) 8 (50.0) 0.002 Hepatic encephalopathy, n (%) 4 (4.9) 0 (0) 1.000 LT, liver transplantation; MA: Multivariate analysis; MELD, model for end-stage liver disease; PELD, pediatric end-stage liver disease Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 01 Aug, 2020 Read the published version in Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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University","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yu-Xian","middleName":"","lastName":"Huang","suffix":""},{"id":87670,"identity":"2bd61d29-9ea4-467f-a751-eef98d7103ca","order_by":16,"name":"Zheng-Xin Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Huashan Hospital Fudan University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zheng-Xin","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":87671,"identity":"7797fac4-764e-459c-acd0-1b8c28e18556","order_by":17,"name":"Wen-Hong Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Huashan Hospital Fudan University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Wen-Hong","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2019-05-15 12:55:55","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.2.9647/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.9647/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hbpd.2020.06.001","type":"published","date":"2020-08-01T21:14:12+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":2612205,"identity":"8b4162ee-38cd-4eb5-8a38-71a5d616e0a0","added_by":"dbe1c910-fa3f-4a3a-a5c6-af99624d3e99","created_at":"2020-09-25 20:52:47","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":53632,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Flow chart of infections and survival after liver transplantation. LT, liver transplantation.","description":"","filename":"figure1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-908/v1/figure_1.png"},{"id":2612208,"identity":"0fcffe0e-77ca-4309-8ffc-d2bf103d0204","added_by":"dbe1c910-fa3f-4a3a-a5c6-af99624d3e99","created_at":"2020-09-25 20:52:47","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":122171,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Frequency of different pathogens and sites of infections after liver transplantation.","description":"","filename":"figure2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-908/v1/figure_2.png"},{"id":2612202,"identity":"4bf9ee6f-d92a-43b1-a73d-3ff020c19a7d","added_by":"dbe1c910-fa3f-4a3a-a5c6-af99624d3e99","created_at":"2020-09-25 20:52:47","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":27367,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Among transplant recipients with postoperative infection, survival rates of patients with and without infection within 2 weeks before transplantation. Although infection was controlled on the day of transplantation, recipients who got infection within 2 weeks before transplantation had a significantly lower survival compared to those not infected (66.7% vs 91.9%, HR=4.480, 95%CI, 3.377-47.85; p\u003c0.001). The dotted lines indicated 95% confidence interval. LT, liver transplantation.","description":"","filename":"figure3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-908/v1/figure_3.png"},{"id":13466928,"identity":"46ccd35b-c7a7-4794-9a66-53c699baeff8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-16 20:53:15","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":719394,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-908/v1/c8247998-2485-41dc-aa6d-022fc28e76dc.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Infection within 2 weeks before liver transplantation closely related to prognosis of posttransplant infection: a single-center retrospective observational study in China","fulltext":[{"header":"Background","content":"\u003cp\u003eLiver transplantation remains an effective procedure for multiple end-stage liver diseases. With the widespread use of potent immunosuppressive agents, the incidence of allograft rejection was reduced while opportunistic infections increased. Despite efficacious antimicrobial prophylaxis and vaccination to some pathogens, infections still represent the main factors influencing morbidity and mortality following liver transplantation. \u003csup\u003e1-5\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn infections after liver transplantation, epidemiologic exposures included donor-derived infections and recipient-derived infections. Transplanted organs facilitate the transmission of infections from organ donors.\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e Colonized or latent infections of recipients could be activated due to immunosuppression state after transplantation. However, the data about these were rare.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to several previous reports, the spectrum of major infections occurring after transplantation has undergone a striking evolution\u003csup\u003e4\u003c/sup\u003e. So, knowledge of pathogen spectrum was very useful to help effective empirical treatment. In this study, we surveyed infection rate and pathogen distribution after liver transplantation and analyzed the impact of donor or recipient factors on infection and survival.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGeneral population\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis was a retrospective, single center research. A total of 217 consecutive patients who underwent liver transplantation between April 2015 and October 2017 were eligible to participate in the research. 7 patients were excluded because they died within 7 days after transplantation. At last, 210 patients were included in the study. Patient records were reviewed at the end of the study and follow-up information was obtained from referring physicians. Surveillance viral load testing for cytomegalovirus (CMV) were performed every week for the first month after transplant. Other cultures were ordered as dictated by the clinical situation. The study was approved by the hospital\u0026rsquo;s ethics committee.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSurgery and immunosuppression\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll patients underwent orthotopic liver transplantation either with primary anastomosis of the bile duct or choledochojejunostomy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStandard immunosuppression often included tacrolimus (FK506), mycophenolate (MMF) and corticosteroids. FK506 was initially administered at a dosage of 3mg every 12 hours orally as soon as the patient was able to take oral medication, usually less than three days after surgery. FK506 was then adjusted according to blood levels. The target level for tacrolimus was 10\u0026ndash;12 ng/ml during the first month and 8\u0026ndash;10 ng/ml after the second month. Oral MMF was given at the dosage of 500mg twice a day after 12 days of surgery. 240mg of methylprednisolone was administered intravenously on the day of surgery. This was reduced to 180 mg on the day after surgery and then rapidly tapered so that by day 6 the patient was receiving 40 mg of methylprednisolone. Oral therapy with an equivalent dose of prednisone was employed when the patient was able to take oral medicine. Baxilimab (20mg) was given intravenously in the surgery as dictated by clinical situation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAntimicrobial treatment \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOnce recipients were diagnosed as infection, they would receive empirical antimicrobial treatment, then turning to etiological treatment after the results of culture and susceptibility were applicable. When viral load testing for CMV was positive, intravenous ganciclovir 250mg every 12 hours was given until viral eradication was achieved, but not shorter than 2 weeks.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDefinition of infections\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe attempted to identify all infections which occurred after transplantation and categorize them according to time after transplantation, site of infection, type of pathogen, and outcome. Strict criteria were employed to define infections included in this study. They are as follows:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBloodstream infection \u003c/em\u003ewas defined by the isolation in at least 1 blood culture of \u003cem\u003eListeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida \u003c/em\u003especies or aerobic gram-negative rods. For other pathogens, the isolation of the bacteria in 2 blood cultures or in 1 positive blood culture and in a culture from a known site of infection was required.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAbdominal infection \u003c/em\u003ewas diagnosed if the peritoneal neutrophil count was \u0026gt; 200 polymorphonuclear cells and if a pathogen was isolated. In cases where no cell counts were obtained, a Gram stain of peritoneal fluid showing \u0026ge; 1 polymorphonuclear cell per oil field was sufficient.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBiliary tract infection\u003c/em\u003e required the presence of fever, right upper quadrant pain, and elevation of liver function tests together with either evidence of cholangitis on liver biopsy or isolation of the same organism from both the T-tube drain and blood.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePneumonia \u003c/em\u003erequired the appearance of new infiltrates on chest radiograph, the onset of new respiratory symptoms (cough, dyspnea) or hypoxemia, and the isolation of bacteria in heavy growth from purulent sputum. A diagnosis of CMV pneumonia also required a temperature elevation \u0026ge; 38℃ for at least 2 days within a 4-day period, the presence of neutropenia or thrombocytopenia, and the detection of CMV DNA in blood.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStatistical analysis\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUnivariate and multivariate analysis were used to find the risk factors and prognostic factors for infection after transplantation. We used Mann-Whitney U test and chi-square test for the univariate analysis and all variables with a p value\u0026lt; 0.05 were defined as significant. We further conducted logistic regression for the multivariate analysis with factors proved to be significant. The Kaplan\u0026ndash;Meier method was used to calculate the overall survival in the recipients who got infection after transplantation. All analyses were performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 17.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) and Graphpad Prism, version 6.02 (Graphpad Software, San Diego, CA, USA).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSpectrum of patient information and incidence of postoperative infection\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOf all the 210 patients in this study, the most common underlying disease was viral hepatitis (139 cases, 66.2%), then inherited liver diseases (24 cases, 11.4%) and autoimmune liver disease (16 cases, 6%) (Table 1). In total, 196 episodes of infection occurred after transplantation during the median following days of 214. Every patient experienced on average 0.93 episodes of infection. In all, 98 patients were defined as postoperative infection, and the incidence of infection reached 46.7%. (Figure 1)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe most frequent pathogen was \u003cem\u003eEnterobacteriaceae\u003c/em\u003e with 41 episodes, including \u003cem\u003eKlebsiella pneumoniae\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eEnterobacter cloacae\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eSerratia marcescens\u003c/em\u003e. The second most common isolated organism was \u003cem\u003eAcinetobacter baumanii\u003c/em\u003e (27 cases), which only occurred in 1 month after transplantation. \u003cem\u003ePseudomonas aeruginosa\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eStrenotrophomonas maltophilia\u003c/em\u003e was isolated in 21 and 22 cases, respectively. Regarding viral infection, cytomegalovirus was the most common with 12 episodes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn total, 12 episodes of fungal infection were noted, and the most frequent pathogen was \u003cem\u003eCandida albicans\u003c/em\u003e (10 cases). (Table 2)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSites of infection and microbial aetiology\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRespiratory tract was the most common site of infection (43.4%), then biliary tract (21.9%), abdomen (21.4%) and bloodstream (7.6%). Among the pathogen in pneumonia, the most frequently isolated was \u003cem\u003eAcinetobacter baumanii\u003c/em\u003e (23.5%) and \u003cem\u003eKlebsiella pneumoniae\u003c/em\u003e (21.1%). \u003cem\u003ePseudomonas aeruginosa\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eStrenotrophomonas maltophilia\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eKlebsiella pneumoniae\u003c/em\u003e accounted for 21.4%, 11.9% and 11.9% of pathogens in peritonitis, respectively. For biliary tract infection, the first rank was \u003cem\u003eStrenotrophomonas maltophilia \u003c/em\u003e(14%), then \u003cem\u003eKlebsiella pneumoniae\u003c/em\u003e (11.6%), while \u003cem\u003ePseudomonas aeruginosa \u003c/em\u003eand \u003cem\u003eEnterococcus faecium\u003c/em\u003e (9.3%) were in the equal third place. Only 15 episodes of bloodstream infection occurred, and\u003cem\u003e Staphylococcus\u003c/em\u003e was the most common pathogen. (40%, Figure 2)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRisk factors for infection after liver transplantation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn univariate analysis, we found infection-related factors included: age, model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) or pediatric end-stage liver disease (PELD) score and infection within 2 weeks before transplantation, especially pneumonia other than peritonitis, amount of blood loss and duration time of drainage tube (Table 3). In multivariate analysis, the independent risk factors of infection after liver transplantation are MELD or PELD before transplantation (18.2 vs 12.4, p=0.002), amount of blood loss in operation (2.3L vs 1.1L, p=0.002) and duration time of drainage tube (29.6d vs 12.8d, p=0.009).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecipient survival and prognostic factors for infection after liver transplantation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDuring the median follow-up days of 214, all-cause mortality was 11.0% (23/210). The causes of death included three main categories: infection, poor graft function and others. 42% was infection-associated death, while poor graft function accounted for 29%. In a total of 98 patients with infection after transplantation, 82 people survived. (Figure 1) In the univariate analysis, infection within 2 weeks before transplantation (especially pneumonia other than peritonitis), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) \u0026lt;50ml/min after transplantation and MELD or PELD score before or after 7 days of transplantation were identified as prognostic factors (Table 4). Multivariate analysis revealed that independent prognostic factors were infection within 2 weeks before transplantation (OR 5.3, 95%CI, 1.143-24.578) and MELD or PELD score after 7 days of transplantation (OR 1.298, 95%CI, 1.105-1.526, Table 3). When recipients suffered from infection within 2 weeks before transplantation, although infection was controlled on the day of transplantation, they had a significantly lower survival compared to those not infected in Kaplan-Meier analysis (67.6% vs 91.3%, HR=4.480, 95%CI, 3.377-47.85; p\u0026lt;0.001, Figure 3).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eAmong all the liver transplant recipients, infection is a problem to be concerned. Comparing to patients with normal immune function, the diagnosis of infection is delayed because diminished signs and symptoms. Also, the spectrum of potential pathogens is broader and infection often progress more rapidly\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSo, it is very important to learn the risk and prognostic factors of infection after liver transplantation. In our study, MELD or PELD score is the major risk and prognostic factor regarding to infection after transplantation, which is similar to other studies.\u003csup\u003e6-8\u003c/sup\u003e. MELD or PELD score are used to evaluate the liver function of patients waiting to process liver transplantation, either in adult or pediatric. \u003csup\u003e9-10\u003c/sup\u003e With extreme poor hepatic function, these recipients might have a lower level of immune defense against invasive microbial. We also found whether MELD or PELD score recover to normal after transplantation is associated with survival rate, like other studies reported\u003csup\u003e11-12\u003c/sup\u003e. With failed recovery of liver function after liver transplantation, patients suffering from infections are more likely to be not survived.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn our hospital, the incidence of infection after liver transplantation reached 46.7%. It was consistent with the previous reports studied in China, in which 15%-69% of patients acquired postoperative infection\u003csup\u003e13-17\u003c/sup\u003e. Most infection occurred in the first month after liver transplantation, which is related to surgical complications as for traditional view\u003csup\u003e18\u003c/sup\u003e. However, the most common site of infection is not surgical site, but the respiratory tract and Gram-negative pathogens are major pathogens. Our findings were also supported by other studies in China\u003csup\u003e14-15\u003c/sup\u003e. These indicated that the pattern of posttransplant infection was changed and nosocomial infection might be the most important epidemiological exposure in the first month after transplantation in China.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe reason for most Chinese patients receiving liver transplantation is cirrhosis based on chronic hepatitis B\u003csup\u003e19\u003c/sup\u003e. As we found in the study, viral hepatitis accounts for 65.3% of underlying disease. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is a common complication of cirrhosis. Meanwhile, pneumonia and biliary tract infection are also not rare in the case of chronic cirrhosis. As a result, a large number of patients got infection before transplantation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt is recommended that active infection in transplant recipients should be controlled before transplantation, since immunosuppression will exacerbate the infectious process.\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e In this study, there were 18 patients (8.6%) having infections within 2 weeks before transplantation. Although their infections were all controlled on the day of transplantation, it remained to be a risk and prognostic factor for infection after transplantation. Among all the infections, pneumonia seemed to be more related than other infections. In 20 patients suffering pneumonia within 2 weeks before transplantation, 15 patients (75%) got pneumonia again after transplantation. While among 244 patients without pneumonia before, only 98 (40.2%) got pneumonia after transplantation. (p=0.004, data not shown). We assume the explanation might be that the pathogens become latent, aren`t eradicated thoroughly due to lack of treatment course and cause poorer barrier function, especially for the respiratory tract, leading to reactivation of infection in the immunosuppressed state after transplantation. Although we can`t prove these infections are exactly recipient-derived, infections within 2 weeks before transplantation should be paid close attention.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study had some limitations. First, this is a single center study, and the results can be biased because of different pathogen distribution and higher antibiotic resistance rate than other medical institutions in China. Second, our study was retrospective, and the lack of some information, such as bile complication information other than infection, might cause some biases in data statistics.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusions","content":"\u003cp\u003eWe concluded that risk factors for infection after liver transplantation are MELD or PELD score and infection, especially pneumonia within 2 weeks before transplantation. The prognostic factors for postoperative infection in transplant recipients are infection, especially pneumonia within 2 weeks before transplantation, complication with impaired renal function and MELD or PELD score after 7 days of transplantation.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was approved by the ethics committee of Huashan hospital, Fudan University. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of data and materials\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor`s contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eY.Y participated in the performance of the research, in the writing of the paper, and in data analysis. R.D.L participated in the performance of the research and in the admission and management of the patients. J.W.A participated in data analysis. Y.M.Z, X.Z, Y.Y.Q, X.C.C, X.Y.W, H.C.Z, Y.L and S.S.W participated in the data collection. T.G. participated in general supervision of infection control service and in the performance of the research. Y.Q.Y participated in research design and data analysis. Y.F.T and X.F.Z. participated as general supervision of transplant unit and in the performance of the research. W.H.Z. participated in the revising the article. Y.X.H. and Z.X.W. participated in research design, in the performance of the research and in the writing of the article.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003cp\u003e[1] Fishman J. Infection in solid-organ transplant recipients. 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Transpl Infect Dis. 2014;16(2):225-31.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[7] Avkan-Oguz V, Ozkardesler S, Unek T, et al. Risk factors for early bacterial infections in liver transplantation. Transplant Proc. 2013;45(3):993-7.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[8] Kaido T, Egawa H, Tsuji H, et al. In-hospital mortality in adult recipients of living donor liver transplantation: experience of 576 consecutive cases at a single center. Liver Transplant. 2009;15: 1420\u0026ndash;25.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[9] Singal AK and Kamath PS. Model for End-stage Liver Disease. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2013;3(1):50-60.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[10] Bourdeaux C, Tri TT, Gras J, et al. PELD score and posttransplant outcome in pediatric liver transplantation: a retrospective study of 100 recipients. Transplantation. 2005;79 (9):1273-76.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[11] Gy\u0026ouml;ri GP, Silberhumer GR, Rahmel A, de Vries E, Soliman T, Zehetmayer, et al. Impact of dynamic changes in MELD score on survival after liver transplantation - a Eurotransplant registry analysis. Liver Int. 2016;36(7):1011-7.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[12] Zakareya T, Abbasy M, Abdel-Razek W, Elsiesy H, Abal Khail F, Al Sebayel M, et al. Utility of post-liver transplantation MELD and delta MELD in predicting early and late mortality. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;29(12):1424-27.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[13] Jeong S, Wang X, Wan P, et al. Risk factors and survival outcomes of biliary complications after adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation. United European Gastroenterol J. 2017;5(7):997-1006.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[14] Li C, Wen TF, Mi K, et al. Analysis of infections in the first 3-month after living donor liver transplantation. World J Gastroenterol. 2012;18(16):1975-80.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[15] Tu Z, Xiang P, Xu X, et al. DCD liver transplant infection: experience from a single centre in China. Int J Clin Pract. 2016;70(Suppl 185):3-10.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[16] Zhang ML, Xu J, Zhang W, et al. Microbial epidemiology and risk factors of infections in recipients after DCD liver transplantation. Int J Clin Pract. 2016;70(Suppl 185):17-21.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[17] Wan QQ, Ye QF, Ming YZ, et al. The risk factors for mortality in deceased donor liver transplant recipients with bloodstream infections. Transplant Proc. 2013;45(1):305-7.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[18] Patel R and Paya C V. Infections in solid-organ transplant recipients. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1997,10(1):86-124.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eTable 1 Recipient characteristics \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"border-collapse: collapse; border: none;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 2.85pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 194.95pt; border-top: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"260\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003eLiver transplantation recipients (n=210)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 2.85pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border: none; background: #BFBFBF; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003eAge, mean (range)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 194.95pt; border: none; background: #BFBFBF; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"260\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e45.1 (0.6-69)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 2.85pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003eGender (Male), n (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 194.95pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"260\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e167 (79.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 2.85pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border: none; background: #BFBFBF; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003eUnderlying disease\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 194.95pt; border: none; background: #BFBFBF; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"260\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 2.85pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-indent: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003eViral hepatitis, n (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 194.95pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"260\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e139 (66.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 2.85pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; Inherited disease, n (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 194.95pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"260\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e24 (11.4)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 2.85pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; Autoimmune liver disease, n (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 194.95pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"260\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e11 (5.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 2.85pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; HCC, n (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 194.95pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"260\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e11 (5.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 2.85pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-indent: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003eToxic (alcohol or drug-related), n (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 194.95pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"260\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e13 (6.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 2.85pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; Cirrhosis, unknown etiology, n (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 194.95pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"260\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e3 (1.4)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 2.85pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-indent: 5.5pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;Others, n (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 194.95pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"260\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e9 (4.3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003eHCC, hepatocellular carcinoma\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eTable 2 Common pathogens of different periods after liver transplantation\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 432.35pt; border-collapse: collapse; border: none; height: 99px;\" width=\"576\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 5.65pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 185.625px; border-top: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-right: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 5px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003ePathogen\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.625px; border-top: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-right: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 5px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026lt;1 Month\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.625px; border-top: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-right: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 5px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e1-3 Months\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.625px; border-top: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-right: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 5px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026gt;3 Months\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 76.625px; border-top: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-right: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 5px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003eTotal\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 5.65pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 185.625px; border: none; background: #d0cece; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 5px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003eEnterobacteriaceae\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.625px; border: none; background: #d0cece; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 5px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.625px; border: none; background: #d0cece; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 5px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.625px; border: none; background: #d0cece; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 5px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 76.625px; border: none; background: #d0cece; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 5px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e41\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 5.65pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 185.625px; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 5px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003eAcinetobacter baumanii\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.625px; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 5px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.625px; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 5px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.625px; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 5px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 76.625px; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 5px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 14.25pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 185.625px; border: none; background: #c9c9c9; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 14px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003ePseudomonas \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003eaeruginosa\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.625px; border: none; background: #c9c9c9; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 14px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.625px; border: none; background: #c9c9c9; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 14px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.625px; border: none; background: #c9c9c9; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 14px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 76.625px; border: none; background: #c9c9c9; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 14px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 14.25pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 185.625px; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 14px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003eStrenotrophomonas maltophilia\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.625px; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 14px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.625px; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 14px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.625px; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 14px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 76.625px; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 14px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 14.25pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 185.625px; border: none; background: #c9c9c9; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 14px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003eStaphylococcus\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.625px; border: none; background: #c9c9c9; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 14px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.625px; border: none; background: #c9c9c9; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 14px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.625px; border: none; background: #c9c9c9; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 14px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 76.625px; border: none; background: #c9c9c9; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 14px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 14.25pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 185.625px; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 14px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003eEnterococcus\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.625px; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 14px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.625px; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 14px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.625px; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 14px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 76.625px; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 14px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 14.25pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 185.625px; border: none; background: #c9c9c9; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 14px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003eCytomegalovirus\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.625px; border: none; background: #c9c9c9; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 14px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.625px; border: none; background: #c9c9c9; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 14px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.625px; border: none; background: #c9c9c9; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 14px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 76.625px; border: none; background: #c9c9c9; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 14px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 14.25pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 185.625px; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-left: none; border-image: initial; border-bottom: 1pt solid black; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 14px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003eFungus\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.625px; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-left: none; border-image: initial; border-bottom: 1pt solid black; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 14px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.625px; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-left: none; border-image: initial; border-bottom: 1pt solid black; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 14px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.625px; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-left: none; border-image: initial; border-bottom: 1pt solid black; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 14px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 76.625px; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-left: none; border-image: initial; border-bottom: 1pt solid black; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 14px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 200%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003eTable 3 \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003eRisk factors of infection after liver transplantation\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 531.6pt; border-collapse: collapse; border: none;\" width=\"709\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 2.85pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 196.3pt; border-top: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"262\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003eVariables\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 105.05pt; border-top: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"140\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003eWith infection (n=98)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 123.9pt; border-top: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"165\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003eWithout infection (n=112)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 44.3pt; border-top: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003eP\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e value\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.05pt; border-top: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003eP \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003evalue-MA\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 2.85pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 196.3pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"262\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003ePreoperative variables\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 105.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"140\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 123.9pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"165\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 44.3pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 2.85pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 196.3pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"262\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-indent: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003eAge, mean (range)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 105.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"140\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e48.1 (3-69)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 123.9pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"165\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e42.4 (0.6-67)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 44.3pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e0.016\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 2.85pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 196.3pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"262\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-indent: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003eGender (Male), n (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 105.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"140\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e78 (79.6)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 123.9pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"165\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e89 (79.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 44.3pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e1.000\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 2.85pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 196.3pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"262\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-indent: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003eDiabetes, n (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 105.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"140\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e22 (22.4)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 123.9pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"165\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e18 (16.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 44.3pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e0.291\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 2.85pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 196.3pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"262\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-indent: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003eMELD or PELD before LT, mean (range)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 105.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"140\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e18.2 (3-43)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 123.9pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"165\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e12.4 (-9-46)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 44.3pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e0.002\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 2.85pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 196.3pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"262\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-indent: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003eInfection within 2 weeks before LT, n (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 105.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"140\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e18 (18.4)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 123.9pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"165\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e6 (5.4)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 44.3pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e0.004\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 2.85pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 196.3pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"262\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-indent: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Pneumonia before LT\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 105.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"140\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e11 (11.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 123.9pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"165\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e3 (2.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 44.3pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e0.023\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 2.85pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 196.3pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"262\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-indent: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Peritonitis before LT\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 105.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"140\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e5 (5.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 123.9pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"165\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e2 (1.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 44.3pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e0.255\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 2.85pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 196.3pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"262\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003eIntraoperative variables\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 105.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"140\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 123.9pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"165\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 44.3pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 2.85pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 196.3pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"262\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-indent: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003eDuration of operation, mean (range), hours\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 105.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"140\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e7.95 (5-20.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 123.9pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"165\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e7.74 (4.5-19)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 44.3pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e0.494\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 2.85pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 196.3pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"262\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; Blood loss, mean (range), L\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 105.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"140\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e2.3 (0.2-22)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 123.9pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"165\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e1.1 (0.1-5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 44.3pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e0.002\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 2.85pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 196.3pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"262\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; Biliary anastomosis: Roux-en-Y, n (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 105.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"140\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e4 (4.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 123.9pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"165\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e11 (9.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 44.3pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e0.178\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 2.85pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 196.3pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"262\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003ePostoperative variables\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 105.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"140\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 123.9pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"165\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 44.3pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 2.85pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 196.3pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"262\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-indent: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003eImmunosuppression with baxilimab, n (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 105.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"140\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e12 (12.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 123.9pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"165\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e15 (13.4)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 44.3pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e0.839\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 2.85pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 196.3pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"262\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-indent: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003eReoperation, n (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 105.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"140\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e10 (10.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 123.9pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"165\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e4 (3.6)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 44.3pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e0.093\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 2.85pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 196.3pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"262\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-indent: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003eRejection, n (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 105.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"140\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e12 (12.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 123.9pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"165\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e8 (7.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 44.3pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e0.243\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.05pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 2.85pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 196.3pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"262\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-indent: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003eDuration time of drainage tube, day\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 105.05pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"140\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e29.6 (3-282)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 123.9pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"165\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e12.8 (1-66)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 44.3pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"59\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.05pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e0.009\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003eLT, liver transplantation; MELD, model for end-stage liver disease; PELD, pediatric end-stage liver disease; DCD, donation after cardiac death\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003eTable 4 Univariate risk factors of mortality in 98 patients with postoperative infection\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 687.5pt; border-collapse: collapse; border: none;\" width=\"917\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 2.85pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 219.75pt; border-top: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"293\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003eVariable\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 92.1pt; border-top: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003eSurvival (n=82)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 70.9pt; border-top: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003eDeath (n=16)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border-top: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003eP \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003evalue\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.8pt; border-top: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003eP \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003evalue-MA\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.8pt; border: none; border-top: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003eOdds ratio\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 127.55pt; border: none; border-top: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e95% confidence interval\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 2.85pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 219.75pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"293\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003eAge, mean (range)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 92.1pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e47.83 (3-67)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 70.9pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e49.56 (5-69)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e0.663\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.8pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.8pt; border: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 127.55pt; border: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 2.85pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 219.75pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"293\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003eGender (Male), n (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 92.1pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e68 (82.9)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 70.9pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e10 (62.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e0.088\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.8pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.8pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 127.55pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 2.85pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 219.75pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"293\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003eInfection within 2 weeks before LT, n (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 92.1pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e11 (13.4)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 70.9pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e7 (43.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e0.009\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.8pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e0.033\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.8pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e5.300\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 127.55pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e1.143-24.578\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 2.85pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 219.75pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"293\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; Pneumonia before LT\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 92.1pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e6 (7.3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 70.9pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e5 (31.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e0.016\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.8pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.8pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 127.55pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 2.85pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 219.75pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"293\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; Peritonitis before LT\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 92.1pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e2 (2.4)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 70.9pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e3 (18.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e0.030\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.8pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.8pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 127.55pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 2.85pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 219.75pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"293\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003eMELD or PELD before LT, mean (range)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 92.1pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e17.7 (3-43)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 70.9pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e20.8 (6-37)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e0.248\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.8pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.8pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 127.55pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 2.85pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 219.75pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"293\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003eMELD or PELD after 7 days of LT, mean (range)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 92.1pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e14.0 (8-28)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 70.9pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e23.7 (15-43)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e0.003\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.8pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e0.002\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.8pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e1.298\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 127.55pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e1.105-1.526\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 2.85pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 219.75pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"293\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003eRejection, n (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 92.1pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e12 (14.6)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 70.9pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e0 (0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e0.206\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.8pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.8pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 127.55pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 2.85pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 219.75pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"293\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003eComplication after LT\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 92.1pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; 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margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 2.85pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 219.75pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"293\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-indent: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003eeGFR\u0026lt;50ml/min after LT\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003e, n (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 92.1pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; 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border: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e4 (4.9)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 70.9pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e0 (0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e1.000\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.8pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.8pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 127.55pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 2.85pt;\" width=\"170\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eLT, liver transplantation; MA: Multivariate analysis; \u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; color: black;\"\u003eMELD, model for end-stage liver disease; PELD, pediatric end-stage liver disease\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Infection; liver transplantation; epidemiology; risk factors; MELD score","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.2.9647/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.9647/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Background\n\nInfections still represent the main factors influencing morbidity and mortality following liver transplantation. This study is to evaluate the incidence and risk factors for infection and survival after liver transplantation.\n\nMethods\n\nWe retrospectively examined medical records in 210 recipients who underwent liver transplantation between April 2015 and October 2017 in our center.\n\nResults\n\nDuring the median follow-up days of 214, the incidence of infection after liver transplantation was 46.7% (n=98): namely, pneumonia (43.4%), biliary tract infection (21.9%) and peritonitis (21.4%). Among the pathogens in pneumonia, the most frequently isolated was Acinetobacter baumanii (23.5%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (21.1%). For biliary tract infection, the first rank was Strenotrophomonas maltophilia (14.0%) and then Klebsiella pneumoniae (11.6%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Strenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Klebsiella pneumoniae accounted for 21.4%, 11.9% and 11.9% of pathogens in peritonitis, respectively. The independent risk factors for infection after liver transplantation are model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) or pediatric end-stage liver disease (PELD) score, total blood loss in operation and duration of drainage tube. All-cause mortality was 11.0% (n=23). The prognostic factors for postoperative infection in transplant recipients are infection, especially pneumonia within 2 weeks before transplantation, complication with impaired renal function and higher MELD or PELD score after 7 days of transplantation. Kaplan–Meier curves of survival showed that recipients with infection within 2 weeks before transplantation had a significantly lower cumulative survival rate compared with those without infection (66.7% vs 91.9%, HR=4.480, 95% CI, 3.377-47.85; p\u003c0.001).\n\nConclusions\n\nInfection, especially pneumonia within 2 weeks before transplantation are independent prognostic factors for postoperative infection in transplant recipients.","manuscriptTitle":"Infection within 2 weeks before liver transplantation closely related to prognosis of posttransplant infection: a single-center retrospective observational study in China","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2019-05-17 04:11:55","doi":"10.21203/rs.2.9647/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"4ae0d501-7654-453f-bc22-b606f316ef24","owner":[],"postedDate":"May 17th, 2019","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":12252,"name":"Infectious Diseases"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2021-07-22T21:14:12+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-908","link":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hbpd.2020.06.001","journal":{"identity":"hepatobiliary-and-pancreatic-diseases-international","isVorOnly":true,"title":"Hepatobiliary \u0026 Pancreatic Diseases International"},"publishedOn":"2020-08-01 21:14:12","publishedOnDateReadable":"August 1st, 2020"},"versionCreatedAt":"2019-05-17 04:11:55","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1016/j.hbpd.2020.06.001","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hbpd.2020.06.001","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-908","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"identity":"rs-908","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"cBFmMYwuxLRRLfASyISRj","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}