Characterization and third order non-linear optical properties study of the MXene/PVA composite nanofibers

Characterization and third order non-linear optical properties study of the MXene/PVA composite nanofibers | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Characterization and third order non-linear optical properties study of the MXene/PVA composite nanofibers Shermineh Galehdarvand, Hossein Mahmoudi Chenari This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7912159/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This study reports the successful synthesis and detailed characterization of MXene/PVA composite nanofibers fabricated via electrospinning, with a focus on their third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties. MXene nanosheets (Ti₃C₂Tₓ), derived from Ti₃AlC₂ precursors through hydrofluoric acid etching, were uniformly integrated into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix. Structural, chemical and morphological analyses using XRD, FTIR, FE-SEM, and EDS confirmed effective exfoliation, surface functionalization, and homogeneous dispersion of MXene within the polymeric network. Nonlinear optical measurements performed via the Z-scan technique under continuous-wave 532 nm laser irradiation revealed a pronounced third-order response, characterized by a negative nonlinear refractive index (n₂ = −8.08 × 10⁻⁶ cm²/W) and a nonlinear absorption coefficient (β = −0.014 cm/W), indicative of self-defocusing behavior and dominant two-photon absorption (TPA). These optical features, combined with a high linear absorption coefficient (α = 1078 cm⁻¹), may reflect strong light–matter interaction and photothermal potential. The integration of two-dimensional MXene nanosheets within the PVA matrix enhances the optical responsiveness, and functional adaptability of the nanofibers. These results make MXene/PVA composites a promising candidate for intensity-dependent nonlinear optical applications. Physical sciences/Chemistry Physical sciences/Materials science Physical sciences/Optics and photonics MXene/PVA Nanofibers XRD FE-SEM Z-Scan Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files SUPPLEMENTARYFile.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7912159","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":560371873,"identity":"4306e836-e7bb-4f65-b4e4-d1efe1959aa2","order_by":0,"name":"Shermineh Galehdarvand","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Guilan","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Shermineh","middleName":"","lastName":"Galehdarvand","suffix":""},{"id":560371874,"identity":"46643c21-96e7-42cd-a6c8-797cff41382c","order_by":1,"name":"Hossein Mahmoudi 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nanofibers","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"MXene/PVA, Nanofibers, XRD, FE-SEM, Z-Scan","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7912159/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7912159/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis study reports the successful synthesis and detailed characterization of MXene/PVA composite nanofibers fabricated via electrospinning, with a focus on their third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties. MXene nanosheets (Ti₃C₂Tₓ), derived from Ti₃AlC₂ precursors through hydrofluoric acid etching, were uniformly integrated into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix. Structural, chemical and morphological analyses using XRD, FTIR, FE-SEM, and EDS confirmed effective exfoliation, surface functionalization, and homogeneous dispersion of MXene within the polymeric network.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNonlinear optical measurements performed via the Z-scan technique under continuous-wave 532 nm laser irradiation revealed a pronounced third-order response, characterized by a negative nonlinear refractive index (n₂ = \u0026minus;8.08 \u0026times; 10⁻⁶ cm\u0026sup2;/W) and a nonlinear absorption coefficient (β = \u0026minus;0.014 cm/W), indicative of self-defocusing behavior and dominant two-photon absorption (TPA). These optical features, combined with a high linear absorption coefficient (α\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1078 cm⁻\u0026sup1;), may reflect strong light\u0026ndash;matter interaction and photothermal potential.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe integration of two-dimensional MXene nanosheets within the PVA matrix enhances the optical responsiveness, and functional adaptability of the nanofibers. These results make MXene/PVA composites a promising candidate for intensity-dependent nonlinear optical applications.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Characterization and third order non-linear optical properties study of the MXene/PVA composite nanofibers","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-12-16 22:38:30","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7912159/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"c78bc24d-818e-4268-a286-f569ea687aee","owner":[],"postedDate":"December 16th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":59647708,"name":"Physical sciences/Chemistry"},{"id":59647709,"name":"Physical sciences/Materials science"},{"id":59647710,"name":"Physical sciences/Optics and photonics"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-01-05T22:23:27+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-12-16 22:38:30","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7912159","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7912159","identity":"rs-7912159","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}