Breakdown of thermalization in spin chains with single-ion anisotropy

Breakdown of thermalization in spin chains with single-ion anisotropy | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Breakdown of thermalization in spin chains with single-ion anisotropy Marcio Guimarães de Souza, Rafael Freitas Pereira Costa, Edson Vernek, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4002522/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 25 Oct, 2024 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The principles of ergodicity and thermalization constitute the foundation of statistical mechanics, positing that a many-body system progressively loses its local information as it evolves. Nevertheless, these principles can be disrupted when thermalization dynamics lead to the conservation of local information, as observed in the phenomenon known as many-body localization. Quantum spin chains provide a fundamental platform for exploring the dynamics of closed interacting quantum many-body systems. This study explores the dynamics of a spin chain with $S\geq 1/2$ within the $J_1-J_2$, incorporating a non-uniform magnetic field and single-ion anisotropy. Through the use of exact numerical diagonalization, we unveil that a nearly constant-gradient magnetic field suppress thermalization, a phenomenon termed Stark many-body localization (SMBL), previously observed in $S=1/2$ chains. Furthermore, our findings reveal that the sole presence of single-ion anisotropy is sufficient to prevent thermalization in the system. Interestingly, when the magnitudes of the magnetic field and anisotropy are comparable, they compete, favoring delocalization. Despite the potential hindrance of SMBL by single-ion anisotropy in this scenario, it introduces an alternative mechanism for localization. Our interpretation, considering local energetic constraints and resonances between degenerate eigenstates, not only provides insights into SMBL but also opens avenues for future experimental investigations into the enriched phenomenology of disordered free localized $S\geq 1/2$ systems. Physical sciences/Physics/Quantum physics/Theoretical physics Physical sciences/Physics Physical sciences/Physics/Condensed matter physics/Phase transitions and critical phenomena Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 25 Oct, 2024 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 13 May, 2024 Reviews received at journal 13 May, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 19 Apr, 2024 Reviews received at journal 30 Mar, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 21 Mar, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 18 Mar, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 18 Mar, 2024 Editor invited by journal 18 Mar, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 18 Mar, 2024 First submitted to journal 01 Mar, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4002522","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":281294423,"identity":"0d550fbf-317a-4b19-a43a-6cbfacca3663","order_by":0,"name":"Marcio Guimarães de Souza","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Federal University of Uberlândia","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Marcio","middleName":"Guimarães","lastName":"de Souza","suffix":""},{"id":281294424,"identity":"62822378-7c64-4b54-aeb5-9591da0f11f5","order_by":1,"name":"Rafael Freitas Pereira Costa","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Federal University of Uberlândia","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Rafael","middleName":"Freitas Pereira","lastName":"Costa","suffix":""},{"id":281294425,"identity":"7d4b1c1d-94a3-40c6-9919-9bb483eac12d","order_by":2,"name":"Edson Vernek","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Federal University of Uberlândia","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Edson","middleName":"","lastName":"Vernek","suffix":""},{"id":281294426,"identity":"9e0db031-4715-4cb7-8e5e-64a021ca3274","order_by":3,"name":"Gentil Dias de Moraes Neto","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAvUlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFCCBDApByIOPCBeSwKDMVhLAilaEhsQNhIA8u7ZaQ8+/rBJnx92+CHQFjs53QYCWgzPvN1uOCMhLXfj7TQDoJZkY7MDhLTMyN0mzZNwOHfj7ASQlgOJ24jS8ifhcLrh7PQPxGmRlwBqYUg4nCAvnUOkLQY8b7dJ9qSlGW6Qzik4kGBAhF/k23O3SfywsZGXn52++cOHCjs5gloMDqAwDAgoB9vSgM4YBaNgFIyCUYAOAHB5SGUHomtkAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Zhejiang Normal University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Gentil","middleName":"Dias de Moraes","lastName":"Neto","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-03-01 08:04:46","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4002522/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4002522/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-74966-5","type":"published","date":"2024-10-25T15:58:05+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":67681973,"identity":"acf0e2b2-6e25-4036-953e-9daf10701e17","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-10-28 16:11:56","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1055983,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscriptSMBL.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4002522/v1_covered_e8b03d94-a861-4f8b-a6c9-af8fddc54961.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Breakdown of thermalization in spin chains with single-ion anisotropy","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4002522/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4002522/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"The principles of ergodicity and thermalization constitute the foundation of statistical mechanics, positing that a many-body system progressively loses its local information as it evolves. Nevertheless, these principles can be disrupted when thermalization dynamics lead to the conservation of local information, as observed in the phenomenon known as many-body localization. Quantum spin chains provide a fundamental platform for exploring the dynamics of closed interacting quantum many-body systems. This study explores the dynamics of a spin chain with $S\\geq 1/2$ within the $J_1-J_2$, incorporating a non-uniform magnetic field and single-ion anisotropy. Through the use of exact numerical diagonalization, we unveil that a nearly constant-gradient magnetic field suppress thermalization, a phenomenon termed Stark many-body localization (SMBL), previously observed in $S=1/2$ chains. Furthermore, our findings reveal that the sole presence of single-ion anisotropy is sufficient to prevent thermalization in the system. Interestingly, when the magnitudes of the magnetic field and anisotropy are comparable, they compete, favoring delocalization. Despite the potential hindrance of SMBL by single-ion anisotropy in this scenario, it introduces an alternative mechanism for localization. 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