Embracing Deepfakes and AI-generated images in Neuroscience Research

The rise of deepfakes and AI-generated images has raised concerns regarding their potential misuse in society. However, this commentary highlights the valuable opportunities these technologies offer for neuroscience research. Deepfakes provide accessible, realistic, and customisable dynamic face stimuli, while generative adversarial networks (GANs) can generate and modify diverse and high-quality static content. These advancements enhance the variability and ecological validity of research methods, and enable the creation of previously unattainable stimuli. When AI-generated images are informed by brain responses, they provide unique insights into the structure and function of visual systems. The authors encourage experimental psychologists and cognitive neuroscientists to stay informed about these emerging tools and embrace their potential to advance visual neuroscience.