Trends in infections detected in women with pelvic inflammatory disease over a decade (2014–2024): a retrospective case-series

Trends in infections detected in women with pelvic inflammatory disease over a decade (2014–2024): a retrospective case-series | Authorea try { document.documentElement.classList.add('js'); } catch (e) { } var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'G-8VDV14Y67G']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); Skip to main content Preprints Collections Wiley Open Research IET Open Research Ecological Society of Japan All Collections About About Authorea FAQs Contact Us Quick Search anywhere Search for preprint articles, keywords, etc. Search Search ADVANCED SEARCH SCROLL This is a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 4 September 2025 V1 Latest version Share on Trends in infections detected in women with pelvic inflammatory disease over a decade (2014–2024): a retrospective case-series Authors : Htaik K 0000-0003-1754-4920 [email protected] , Catriona Bradshaw , Erica Plummer 0000-0001-5710-2671 , Laura Matthews 0009-0006-3147-0541 , Malhotra N , Wild N 0009-0001-5012-5659 , Eric Chow , and Lenka Vodstrcil 0000-0003-3679-9195 Authors Info & Affiliations https://doi.org/10.22541/au.175699108.88094751/v1 258 views 166 downloads Contents Abstract Supplementary Material Information & Authors Metrics & Citations View Options References Figures Tables Media Share Abstract Objective To investigate the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) and bacterial vaginosis (BV) among women with pelvic inflammatory disease over time, to inform contemporary testing and management practices. Design Retrospective case-series. Setting Melbourne Sexual Health Centre (MSHC), Melbourne, Australia Population or Sample Women with PID defined by presence of a minimum of uterine, adnexal and/or cervical motion tenderness. Methods The proportion of PID cases tested for, and with CT, NG, MG, and/or BV detected at MSHC between 2014-2024 was reviewed retrospectively. Main Outcome Measures The proportion of PID cases with the four infections detected over a decade. Results Among 3,000 PID cases, 15% (431/2882) had CT, 3% (97/2874) had NG, 11% (300/2811) had MG, and 31% (857/2767) had BV. There were 2557 (85%) cases tested for all four infections; 927 (36%) had one and 256 (10%) had >1 infection. Among 2,149 (84%) non-CT/NG PID cases, 26% had BV and 6% had MG detected, with 4% co-infected with BV and MG. Over the decade, BV testing rose from 80% to 90% (P trend <0.001) and detection from 24% to 40% (P trend <0.001). MG testing also increased (91% to 98%, (P trend <0.001), along with detection (6% to 14%,P trend <0.001). Conclusions Among non-CT/NG PID cases, the detection of BV and MG was common and increased over time. Prospective case-control and sequencing studies are needed to determine the aetiologic contribution of BV, MG and other additional candidate organisms to PID. Supplementary Material File (supplementary materials 04092025.docx) Download 35.36 KB File (trend main manuscript_04092025.docx) Download 163.69 KB Information & Authors Information Version history V1 Version 1 04 September 2025 Copyright This work is licensed under a Non Exclusive No Reuse License. Keywords epidemiology: infectious diseases pelvic pain sexual health Authors Affiliations Htaik K 0000-0003-1754-4920 [email protected] Melbourne Sexual Health Centre View all articles by this author Catriona Bradshaw Melbourne Sexual Health Centre View all articles by this author Erica Plummer 0000-0001-5710-2671 Melbourne Sexual Health Centre View all articles by this author Laura Matthews 0009-0006-3147-0541 Melbourne Sexual Health Centre View all articles by this author Malhotra N Melbourne Sexual Health Centre View all articles by this author Wild N 0009-0001-5012-5659 Melbourne Sexual Health Centre View all articles by this author Eric Chow Melbourne Sexual Health Centre View all articles by this author Lenka Vodstrcil 0000-0003-3679-9195 Melbourne Sexual Health Centre View all articles by this author Metrics & Citations Metrics Article Usage 258 views 166 downloads .FvxKWukQNSOunydq8rnd { width: 100px; } Citations Download citation Htaik K, Catriona Bradshaw, Erica Plummer, et al. Trends in infections detected in women with pelvic inflammatory disease over a decade (2014–2024): a retrospective case-series. Authorea . 04 September 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.175699108.88094751/v1 If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download. For more information or tips please see 'Downloading to a citation manager' in the Help menu . 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