A superconducting metamaterials transmission line resonator: experimental verification of the non-uniform mode spacing

A superconducting metamaterials transmission line resonator: experimental verification of the non-uniform mode spacing | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article A superconducting metamaterials transmission line resonator: experimental verification of the non-uniform mode spacing Qing Tang, Jia Xin He, Ya Qiang Chai, Peng Hui Ouyang, Lian Fu Wei This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5149330/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 17 Mar, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Superconducting transmission line resonators (TLRs) have been widely applied to circuit quantum electrodynamical systems for superconducting quantum computation and single-photon detections. Recently, such a right-handed TLR has been generalized to electromagnetic metamaterials (MTMs), and its unconventional mode structure has been experimentally characterized [H. Wang et al., Phys. Rev. Applied 11, 054062 (2019)]. Here, we demonstrate another kind of MTM TLR, a superconducting quarter-wavelength composite right/left-handed (CRLH) TLR composed of lumped-elements. We design the devices and analyze their transport properties by developing a real-space approach, wherein the physical parameters at the device boundaries are utilized conveniently. Superconducting MTM TLRs with typical three unit cells were experimentally prepared by etching a superconducting aluminum film on a SiO2 substrate, and their microwave transport properties were measured at low temperatures of 50mK. The results show that the modes spacing in such a quarter-wavelength CRLH-TLR is non-uniform due to the nonlinear dispersion relation. This implies that they could be utilized to encode the superconducting qubits, analogously to the usual ones encoded by the Josephson devices. Physical sciences/Engineering Physical sciences/Materials science Physical sciences/Physics Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 17 Mar, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 28 Oct, 2024 Reviews received at journal 24 Oct, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 16 Oct, 2024 Reviews received at journal 14 Oct, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 05 Oct, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 02 Oct, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 02 Oct, 2024 Editor invited by journal 30 Sep, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 29 Sep, 2024 First submitted to journal 25 Sep, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5149330","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":371033777,"identity":"aa0c7c5d-d0fe-486e-b3a3-30e0e863ddd7","order_by":0,"name":"Qing Tang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Southwest Jiaotong University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Qing","middleName":"","lastName":"Tang","suffix":""},{"id":371033778,"identity":"1f496771-0340-4b7a-853d-3c228a3d07c7","order_by":1,"name":"Jia Xin He","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Southwest Jiaotong University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jia","middleName":"Xin","lastName":"He","suffix":""},{"id":371033779,"identity":"bfcd08d8-c2f2-4524-b91d-29d18c394fce","order_by":2,"name":"Ya Qiang Chai","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Southwest Jiaotong University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ya","middleName":"Qiang","lastName":"Chai","suffix":""},{"id":371033780,"identity":"5d980c4f-6ffe-4d4b-8fae-0b18e28fb82b","order_by":3,"name":"Peng Hui Ouyang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Southwest Jiaotong University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Peng","middleName":"Hui","lastName":"Ouyang","suffix":""},{"id":371033781,"identity":"70e466d4-cb4a-4cec-a295-17c78ee6cb54","order_by":4,"name":"Lian Fu Wei","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAzElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACPuYDDAwJFQwMjA0gLhsRWtjYEoBazgC1tJGkBaycjXgtPIYPHs6rS2ye32PA8KHsMAP/7AaCWowNErcdTmxs4zFgnHHuMIPEnQMEtMj3bpNI3HYgF6SFmbftMIOBRAIhW3i3/0icUwfR8pdILdsYEhuYIVoYidPC/1ki4djh+sa2tIKDPefSeSRuENDCz8aW+PFHTZ2xYfPhjQ9+lFnL8c8goAUODBsYGA4AaR4i1QOBPPFKR8EoGAWjYKQBAHR2PnUlAYq9AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Southwest Jiaotong University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Lian","middleName":"Fu","lastName":"Wei","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-09-25 06:23:09","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5149330/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5149330/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-89931-z","type":"published","date":"2025-03-17T15:56:58+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":79120385,"identity":"e4a9450d-3e80-434a-8045-674c34b3b05c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-24 16:05:22","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":4492885,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5149330/v1_covered_e80181ce-0943-4bff-bced-d1e900d26a8e.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"A superconducting metamaterials transmission line resonator: experimental verification of the non-uniform mode spacing","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5149330/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5149330/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Superconducting transmission line resonators (TLRs) have been widely applied to circuit quantum electrodynamical systems for superconducting quantum computation and single-photon detections. 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