Assessment and Analysis of Chronic Pelvic Pain in Women: A Prospective Observational Study

Background: Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) in females is a common and complex clinical problem that significantly affects quality of life. It encompasses various etiologies, including gynecological, urological, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, and psychological causes. Objectives: To evaluate the clinical profile, etiology, and diagnostic approaches in females presenting with chronic pelvic pain through a prospective observational study. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Government Medical College, and Hospital, Bettiah, Bihar, India for one year. A total of 125 female patients aged 18-50 years presenting with chronic pelvic pain lasting more than 6 months were enrolled. Detailed clinical history, physical examination, relevant laboratory tests, and imaging studies were performed to determine the cause of pain. Results: Among 125 patients, the most common causes of chronic pelvic pain identified were pelvic inflammatory disease (28%), endometriosis (22%), pelvic adhesions (15%), and urological causes (10%). Diagnostic laparoscopy was performed in 40% of cases and contributed significantly to definitive diagnosis. Psychological factors were identified in 12% of patients. Conclusions: Chronic pelvic pain in females is multifactorial, requiring a thorough and multidisciplinary diagnostic approach. Early identification of the underlying cause facilitates targeted management and improves patient outcomes.