Structural connectome architecture shapes the maturation of cortical morphology from childhood to adolescence

Cortical thinning is an important hallmark of the maturation of brain morphology during childhood and adolescence. However, the connectome-based wiring mechanism that underlies cortical maturation remains unclear. Using neuroimaging, connectome, transcriptome, and computational modeling, we mapped cortical thinning patterns primarily located in lateral frontal and parietal heteromodal nodes during childhood and adolescence, which is structurally constrained by white matter network architecture and is particularly represented using a network-based diffusion model. Furthermore, connectome-based constraints are regionally heterogeneous, with the largest constraints residing in frontoparietal nodes, and are associated with gene expression signatures of microstructural neurodevelopmental events. These results are highly reproducible while using another independent dataset. Our findings advance our understanding of network-level mechanisms and the associated genetic basis that underlies the maturational process of cortical morphology during childhood and adolescence.