Closed-Loop AI Enables Organic Continuous-Wave Laser

Closed-Loop AI Enables Organic Continuous-Wave Laser | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Physical Sciences - Article Closed-Loop AI Enables Organic Continuous-Wave Laser Hao-Li Zhang, Yun-Tao Ding, Guojiang Zhao, Meng-Han Feng, Pei-Wei Si, and 20 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6802885/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The realization of continuous-wave (CW) organic lasers critically depends on the rational design of high-performance gain media to mitigate thermal effects and optical losses under sustained excitation. However, such design remains challenging due to the lack of systematic frameworks and limited data availability. Here, we propose a closed-loop strategy that integrates theoretical modeling, deep learning, and generative artificial intelligence to overcome the limitations of traditional trial-and-error approaches. A geometry-aware generative model enables autonomous molecular design, while theoretical frameworks quantify the performance of gain media. This is coupled with state-of-the-art AI-enhanced screening to rapidly identify top-performing optical and electrical pumping candidates from a vast molecular space of 801,801 structures. Experimental validation confirms excellent gain properties, and most notably, continuous-wave laser emission is achieved for the first time in an organic thin film using a DFB resonator, with an ultralow excitation threshold of just 0.202 mW/cm² and stable lasing sustained for several hours. This breakthrough demonstrates the powerful potential of an AI-driven closed-loop workflow in scalable organic laser discovery and accelerates the development of high-performance organic solid-state laser technologies. Physical sciences/Chemistry/Materials chemistry/Optical materials Physical sciences/Materials science/Theory and computation Full Text Additional Declarations There is NO Competing Interest. Supplementary Files SupportingInformationNature.docx Supporting Information Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6802885","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Physical Sciences - Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":469361769,"identity":"c9714ba2-65c5-4da2-9610-376de7f150ed","order_by":0,"name":"Hao-Li 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