Carbon Sequestration Potential of Himalayan Cypress Stands of Kumaun Central Himalaya, India

Carbon Sequestration Potential of Himalayan Cypress Stands of Kumaun Central Himalaya, India | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Carbon Sequestration Potential of Himalayan Cypress Stands of Kumaun Central Himalaya, India Disha Upreti, Lalit Mohan Tewari, Ashish Tewari, Naveen Chandra Pandey, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4635650/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Forests play a substantial role in sequestering carbon and regulating the global carbon balance. Himalayan Cypress ( Cupressus torulosa D. Don) from an ecological and economic stand point is a least explored evergreen conifer of Central Himalaya that often forms either pure stands or sometimes association with other tree species. However, very little information is known about the carbon sequestration potential of these Cypress stands. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to quantify carbon stocks and carbon sequestration potential of six Cypress stands distributed along the altitudinal gradients of 1600–2500 m asl in Kumaon Central Himalaya. A total of 120 circular plots of 5.65 m radius were laid systematically in six Cypress stands with 20 sample plots in each. Soil physical and chemical properties were also assessed. Results revealed that total tree density and basal area in cypress stand ranged from 440–1050 individuals ha -1 and 30.84–60.79 m 2 ha -1 , respectively. The total carbon stock ranged between 151–285 Mg C ha -1 , respectively. Carbon sequestration rate across stands fluctuated between 2.42 and 4.87 Mg C ha -1 yr -1 . Soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) and available potassium (K) levels were higher in high altitude stands. Soil organic carbon (SOC) stock (for soil depth 0-60 cm) ranged from 155.58–398.80 Mg ha -1 . Altitude and soil physico-chemical factors showed no significant (p>0.05) impact on carbon stocks of Cypress stands. Overall, the carbon reserves in the soil across stands were 9-57% higher than those in the trees' biomass. These estimates indicate that the value of cypress forests lies not only in their ability to sequester biomass carbon but primarily in their extensive soil carbon reserves. This study provides useful background for future research to assess the trend of carbon sequestration in Cypress stands. Carbon stocks Carbon sequestration potential Himalayan Cypress Biomass Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Introduction Forests provide vital ecosystems services and goods to the survival of human beings across the globe (Brockerhoff et al. 2017 ). They also play an important role in providing various benefits at the local and regional scales. Furthermore, forests actively participate in the exchange of carbon with the atmosphere, engaging in the processes of photosynthesis and respiration. This accumulation of carbon within forests makes them a significant carbon reservoir, storing substantial amounts of carbon within vegetation and soil (Rana et al. 2015 ). This intricate interplay contributes to the regulation of carbon levels, making forests pivotal in maintaining environmental balance on multiple levels (Bhatta et al. 2021). Forests have greater carbon in biomass and soils compared to other natural ecosystems and atmosphere (Favero et al. 2020; Yam et al. 2021; Joshi et al. 2021). The central Himalayan forests are defined by the prevalence of prominent tree species across different altitudes which play a vital role in sustaining ecosystem functions and providing essential services (Joshi et al. 2023). Therefore, exploring characteristics of these forests, including floristic diversity, structural patterns, and distribution, is imperative for the preservation of ecosystem stability. Additionally, studies on forest biomass provide critical insights into the carbon dynamics of ecosystems and play a fundamental role in assessing the overall carbon storage capacity of forests at broader geographical levels (Behera et al., 2017 ; Bisht et al. 2022 ). Although, quantitative studies on carbon in biomass and soil are well discussed at national as well as at global level, there are still a great deal of uncertainties about biomass, carbon stock and carbon sequestration of a particular forest ecosystem in Himalayan region. The Himalayan cypress ( Cupressus torulosa D. Don) is a coniferous evergreen tree of family Cupressaceae, and is native to the Himalayas and the surrounding regions, including Bhutan, northern India, and Nepal (Asif et al. 2018 ). It thrives in limestone-rich barren terrains across the Western and Central Himalayas, with an elevational range spanning from 1700 to 2700 meters (Pandit and Ram 2004). Spatially, it occurs either as pure stands or in association with coniferous species like Deodar, and broad-leaved species such as Quercus spp. and Acer spp (Rana et al. 2015 ; Negi et al. 2023). Throughout literature there is a noticeable scarcity of studies that quantify the biomass and carbon storage potential of Cypress stands along altitudinal gradient. By investigating the carbon sequestration capacity of this tree species, we can assess its contribution to carbon storage in both above-ground biomass and soil. We conducted the present study in Cypress stands of Kumaun, central Himalayas to evaluate vegetation parameters of the stands, to explore the pattern of biomass and carbon stocks along an altitudinal gradient, and to study the factors influencing carbon storage potential. Material and Methods Study area This study was carried out in Cypress stands located between 29°21'–29° 23' N and 79°26'–79°32' E of Nainital forest division of District Nainital, Uttarakhand, India (Fig. 1 ), and the data collection period spanned from October 2021 to October 2022. Detailed characteristics of the study area are given in Table 1 . The climate of the study area is mainly ruled by monsoon pattern. On the basis of temperature and amount of rainfall, seasons were divided into following combination of months viz., summer (March-June), rainy (July-October) and winter (November-February). During the study period, area received a total annual rainfall of 1854.3 mm with maximum precipitation of 407 mm in October (Fig. 2 ). During the rainy season, relative humidity reached its peak, hitting 88% in the month of September (Fig. 2 ). The maximum mean monthly temperature fluctuated from 14.1°C (January) to 24.7°C (April), while the minimum mean temperature ranged from 4.3°C (January) to 16.5°C (September) (meteorological data was collected from the nearest meteorological station located at Nainital) (Fig. 2 ). The studied Cypress stands come under lesser Himalayan range of Kumaun region. This region predominantly constitute of igneous, sedimentary and low–grade metamorphic rocks belonging to krol formations (Valdiya 1980). Table 1 Site characteristics of the study area. S. No Forest site Longitude Latitude Altitude (m asl) Aspect I Farsauli 79°31'1.88"E 29°22'42.75"N 1682–1686 SE II Dankaniya 79°32'55.17"E 29°23'0.85"N 1690–1700 NE III Manora 79°27'48.01"E 29°21'44.99"N 1768–1837 NE IV Takula 79°27'29.97"E 29°21'45.77"N 1808–1895 SW V Oak-Park 79°26'20.34"E 29°23'44.58"N 2113–2148 W VI Naina- Peak 79°26'8.91"E 29°23'49.37"N 2315–2324 NW Where, SE-south east, NE-north east, SW-south west, W-west, NW-north west Soil sampling and analysis The soil samples at depths 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, 20–30 cm, 30–40 cm, 40–50 cm and 50–60 cm were collected in triplicates from each forest stand using soil corer. Samples were brought to the laboratory to determine the soil physical and chemical properties. Components of soil texture was determined using sieves of different mesh sizes: >2 mm for gravel, 0.05-2 mm for sand, 0.05 − 0.002 mm for silt and < 0.002 mm for clay. To evaluate the soil moisture content, fresh samples of soil were weighed and dried in Oven at 60 ⁰C till the constant weight was achieved. Water holding capacity was estimated following Piper (1950). Bulk density (BD) was estimated as mass of dry soil per unit volume of the corer (g cm − 3 ) following Vibhuti (2019). Porosity was calculated as the percentage of void in soil volume following Kumar et al. (2020). The soil pH was assessed by creating a mixture of soil and distilled water in a ratio of 1:5 using a digital pH meter (Systronics pH system 361). Soil Organic Carbon was estimated by Wet combustion and Dichromate oxidation method (Walkely and Black, 1947). The soil total nitrogen (TN) was estimated following Kjeldahl method. The available soil phosphorus was assessed following Olsen’s method (Olsen et al. 1954). The available potassium was determined by flame photometer using neutral normal acetate method of Black (1965). Vegetation sampling and analysis After intensive reconnaissance survey, 6 Cypress stands were identified along the altitudinal gradients of 1600–2500 m asl in Kumaon, Central Himalaya. The study employed systematic sampling method. From each Cypress stand, 1 ha forested area was selected randomly and was divided into 20 plots of ~ 100.29 m 2 each. Within each plot, circular nested plots of 5.65 m radius were laid covering 100 m² area to measure trees circumference at breast height (CBH in cm). Density and Total basal area were determined following Curtis and McIntosh (1950) and Misra (1968). Shannon's Diversity Index (H′) of trees was calculated following the methodology outlined by Shannon and Weaver (1963), Simpson's concentration of dominance (Cd) by Simpson (1949), and Evenness (E) as per Pielou's Evenness Index (1966). The biomass for tree and saplings were estimated by using allometric equations reported by Chaturvedi and Singh (1987). Rawat and Singh ( 1988 ), Bargali et al. ( 1992 ), and Adhikari et al. ( 1995 ), as: $$\:ln\:\text{y}=a+\text{b}\:ln\:\text{x}$$ where, a = intercept, b = slope or regression coefficient, x = CBH (cm) and y = weight of the components of tree (kg). Carbon stock (C) was calculated following Magnussen and Reed ( 2004 ) as: $$\:\text{C}=\text{B}\times\:0.475$$ Where, C is the Carbon stock and B is oven dry biomass The total carbon stock (TCS) was calculated by summing up the total aboveground carbon stock (AGCS), belowground carbon stock (BGCS) and soil organic carbon (SOC). TCS = AGCS + BGCS + SOC For the estimation of annual biomass accumulation in each forest stand, trees were marked and CBH were measured in the year 2021, and their CBH was remeasured in each sampling plot in the subsequent year, i.e., 2022. The net change in biomass (ΔB = B 2 -B 1 ) yielded annual biomass accumulation. Carbon sequestration rate (CSR) was calculated by multiplying ΔB with 0.475. The difference between carbon content estimated in year one versus year two was taken as the carbon sequestration rate (Tewari et al. 2008). Statistical analysis Two-way ANOVA (analysis of variance) was conducted to assess the impact of site, soil depth and their combined interactions on soil physical and chemical properties. Pearson’s correlation test was done to assess the relationship between environmental variables. All statistical analysis was done using SPSS software version 22.0. Results Forests vegetational parameters Highest tree species richness was documented at Naina- Peak (5) while, it was lowest at Farsauli, Dankania and Manora sites with 3 tree species each (Table 2 ). Maximum tree density was recorded at Takula site (1050 ha − 1 ) and minimum at Dankania site (440 ha − 1 ). Total basal area of the forests ranged from 30.84 m 2 ha − 1 (Manora site) to 60.79 m 2 ha − 1 (Oak Park site). Similar to species richness, highest tree species diversity was documented from Naina- Peak site (0.85) and lowest at Manora site (0.42) with mean tree diversity of 0.38 ± 0.12. Highest evenness was recorded at Takula (0.6) while lowest at Dankania (0.04). Concentration of dominance was recorded highest at Farsauli (0.96) and minimum at Takula (0.53) (Table 2 ). Table 2 Structural characteristics of tree layer of Cypress stands in Nainital, Uttarakhand. Sites Tree species TD TBA H' Cd E 1 Farsauli Cupressus torulosa, Pinus roxburghii, Quercus leucotrichophora 475 40.43 0.12 0.96 0.11 2 Dankania Cupressus torulosa, Pyrus pashia, Aesculus indica 440 35.67 0.04 0.91 0.04 3 Manora Cupressus torulosa, Cedrus deodara, Pinus roxburghii 560 30.84 0.35 0.82 0.32 4 Takula Cupressus torulosa, Quercus leucotrichophora, Rhododendron arboreum, Cedrus deodara 1050 37.43 0.83 0.53 0.60 5 Oak- Park Cupressus torulosa, Quercus leucotrichophora, Quercus floribunda, Acer oblongum 485 60.79 0.33 0.86 0.24 6 Naina-Peak Cupressus torulosa, Quercus floribunda, Rhododendron arboreum, Lyonia ovalifolia, Cedrus deodara 555 48.04 0.61 0.72 0.38 Where, TD-total density (ind. ha − 1 ), TBA-total basal area (m² ha − 1 ), H-Shannon diversity index, Cd-concentration of dominance, E-evenness Biomass distribution and carbon sequestration rate Total tree biomass (TB in Mg ha − 1 ) across all six sites ranged from 223.51 (Manora stand) to 434.59 (Oak Park stand) in the first year and increased to 228.61 (Manora stand) and 442.68 (Oak Park stand) in the second year (Table 3 ). The range of aboveground tree biomass (AGB in Mg ha − 1 ) in first year varied between 181.94 (Manora stand) and 372.87 (Oak Park stand), which increased slightly by the second year and ranged between 186.42 and 380.15, respectively. The belowground biomass (BGB in Mg ha − 1 ) in initial year ranged from 41.56 (Manora stand) to 83.89 (Takula stand), which increased to 42.19 and 85.40 in the second year, respectively (Table 3 ). Table 3 Aboveground biomass (AGB Mg ha − 1 ), belowground biomass (BGB Mg ha − 1 ), total biomass (TB Mg ha − 1 ), and net increment in biomass (ΔB) in Mg ha − 1 of Cypress forests First year Second year ΔB Site Species AGB BGB TB AGB BGB TB Farsauli Cupressus torulosa 243.15 46.43 289.58 247.96 47.01 294.97 5.38 Quercus leucotrichophora 0.96 0.42 1.37 1.03 0.44 1.46 0.09 Pinus roxburghii 1.89 0.42 2.32 2.01 0.45 2.46 0.14 Total 246.00 47.27 293.27 251 47.9 298.89 5.61 Dankania Cupressus torulosa 214.95 41.41 256.36 220.43 41.92 262.35 5.98 Pyrus pashia 1.43 0.35 1.78 1.55 0.37 1.92 0.14 Aesculus indica 7.07 2.58 9.65 7.13 2.6 9.73 0.08 Total 223.46 44.33 267.79 229.11 44.89 274 6.2 Manora Cupressus torulosa 169.21 38.84 208.05 173.31 39.4 212.71 4.65 Cedrus deodara 11.50 2.44 13.94 11.78 2.49 14.27 0.32 Pinus roxburghii 1.23 0.28 1.51 1.33 0.3 1.63 0.12 Total 181.94 41.56 223.51 186.42 42.19 228.61 5.09 Takula Cupressus torulosa 166.97 45.23 212.20 171.78 45.79 217.57 5.37 Cedrus deodara 12.15 2.14 14.29 12.35 2.15 14.5 0.21 Quercus leucotrichophora 101.08 34.89 135.97 104.77 35.82 140.59 4.62 Rhododendron arboreum 5.99 1.63 7.62 6.03 1.64 7.68 0.05 Total 286.19 83.89 370.08 294.93 85.4 380.34 10.25 Oak Park Cupressus torulosa 361.43 57.93 419.36 368.32 58.67 426.98 7.63 Quercus floribunda 4.31 1.31 5.62 4.44 1.33 5.76 0.15 Quercus leucotrichophora 6.59 2.42 9.02 6.83 2.48 9.31 0.29 Ilex dipyrena 0.53 0.07 0.60 0.56 0.07 0.63 0.03 Total 372.87 61.73 434.59 380.15 62.55 442.68 8.1 Naina-Peak Cupressus torulosa 246.79 46.84 293.63 253.44 47.48 300.92 7.29 Quercus floribunda 45.17 10.52 55.69 45.6 10.59 56.19 0.5 Rhododendron arboreum 1.22 0.42 1.64 1.26 0.43 1.68 0.04 Lyonia ovalifolia 4.25 0.37 4.62 4.29 0.37 4.65 0.04 Cedrus deodara 6.88 0.87 7.75 6.98 0.88 7.86 0.11 Total 304.31 59.02 363.33 311.57 59.75 371.3 7.98 Where, AGB-aboveground biomass, BGB-belowground biomass, TB-total biomass, ΔB-difference between biomass of first year and second year In the first year, total tree carbon stock (TCS) ranged from 106.17 Mg C ha − 1 in the Manora stand to 206.43 Mg C ha − 1 in the Oak Park stand. By the second year, TCS range shifted from 108.59 Mg C ha − 1 in the Manora stand to 210.27 Mg C ha − 1 in the Oak Park stand (Table 4). The aboveground carbon stock (AGCS) in the first year varied from 108.59 Mg C ha − 1 in the Manora stand to 210.27 Mg C ha − 1 in the Oak Park stand which increased to 186.42 Mg C ha − 1 and 380.15 Mg C ha − 1 in second year, respectively. Belowground biomass (BGCS), in the first year, ranged from 19.74 Mg C ha − 1 in the Manora stand to 39.85 Mg C ha − 1 in the Takula stand. By the second year, this range shifted slightly to 20.04 Mg C ha − 1 and 40.57 Mg C ha − 1 , respectively (Table 4). The carbon sequestration rate (in Mg C ha − 1 yr − 1 ) across six sites ranged from 2.42 (at Manora stand) to 4.87 (at Takula stand). Tables 4. Aboveground carbon stock (AGCS in Mg C ha − 1 ), belowground carbon stock (BGCS in Mg C ha − 1 ), total carbon stock (TCS in Mg C ha − 1 ), and carbon sequestration rate (CSR) in Mg C ha − 1 yr − 1 of Cypress forests. Site Species First year Second year CSR AGCS BGCS TCS AGCS BGCS TCS Farsauli Cupressus torulosa 115.50 22.05 137.55 117.78 22.33 140.11 2.56 Quercus leucotrichophora 0.45 0.20 0.65 0.49 0.21 0.69 0.04 Pinus roxburghii 0.90 0.20 1.10 0.95 0.21 1.17 0.07 Total 116.85 22.45 139.30 119.23 22.75 141.97 2.67 Dankania Cupressus torulosa 102.10 19.67 121.77 104.7 19.91 124.62 2.84 Pyrus pashia 0.68 0.16 0.85 0.74 0.18 0.91 0.06 Aesculus indica 3.36 1.23 4.58 3.39 1.24 4.62 0.04 Total 106.14 21.06 127.20 108.83 21.32 130.15 2.94 Manora Cupressus torulosa 80.37 18.45 98.82 82.32 18.72 101.04 2.21 Cedrus deodara 5.46 1.16 6.62 5.6 1.18 6.78 0.15 Pinus roxburghii 0.58 0.13 0.72 0.63 0.14 0.77 0.06 Total 86.42 19.74 106.17 88.55 20.04 108.59 2.42 Takula Cupressus torulosa 79.31 21.48 100.80 81.6 21.75 103.35 2.55 Cedrus deodara 5.77 1.02 6.79 5.87 1.02 6.89 0.1 Quercus leucotrichophora 48.01 16.57 64.59 49.77 17.01 66.78 2.19 Rhododendron arboreum 2.85 0.77 3.62 2.86 0.78 3.65 0.03 Total 135.94 39.85 175.79 140.09 40.57 180.66 4.87 Oak Park Cupressus torulosa 171.68 27.52 199.19 174.95 27.87 202.82 3.62 Quercus floribunda 2.05 0.62 2.67 2.11 0.63 2.74 0.07 Quercus leucotrichophora 3.13 1.15 4.28 3.24 1.18 4.42 0.14 Ilex dipyrena 0.25 0.03 0.29 0.27 0.03 0.3 0.01 Total 177.11 29.32 206.43 180.57 29.71 210.27 3.84 Naina-Peak Cupressus torulosa 117.23 22.25 139.47 120.38 22.55 142.94 3.47 Quercus floribunda 21.46 5.00 26.45 21.66 5.03 26.69 0.24 Rhododendron arboreum 0.58 0.20 0.78 0.6 0.2 0.8 0.02 Lyonia ovalifolia 2.02 0.18 2.19 2.04 0.18 2.21 0.02 Cedrus deodara 3.27 0.41 3.68 3.32 0.42 3.73 0.05 Total 144.55 28.03 172.58 148 28.38 176.37 3.8 Where, AGCS-aboveground carbon stock, BGCS-belowground carbon stock, TCS-total carbon stock, CSR-carbon sequestration rate Soil physico-chemical properties Soil physico-chemical parameters differed significantly across forest stands and depths (p < 0.05), except for sand, silt and pH between depths. Site and depth combined interactions also showed significant variation in water holding capacity and all chemical parameters (Supplementary Table 1). Depth-wise detailed descriptions of soil physico-chemical properties are given in (Table 5 a-b). Across all forest sites and soil depths, the soil texture ranged from loam, clay loam to clay. Irrespective of soil depth, the soil moisture ranged from 1.08 (Farsauli site) to 17.68% (Dankaniya) across sites. The minimum and maximum bulk density ranged from 0.67 g cm − 3 at 0–10 cm depth (Farsuali) to 1.90 g cm − 3 at 40–50 cm depth (Dankaniya), whereas, porosity varied between 26.83% at 40–50 cm depth (Dankaniya) to 74.10% at 0–10 cm depth (Farsuali) across cypress forests. The average water holding capacity was highest at 0–10 cm depth in Dankaniya stand (61.33%) while, lowest at 50–60 cm depth in Manora stand (14.60%). Among soil chemical properties, pH fluctuated between 5.83 (Dankaniya) and 7.60 (Oak Park). Soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) and available potassium (K) levels were higher at high attitude cypress stands (Oak Park and Naina Peak stands), whereas lower at low altitude stands (Farsauli and Manora stands). SOC levels were minimum at 50–60 cm depth in Manora (1.24%), while, maximum at 0-10cm depth in Naina Peak (5.94%). TN levels Table 5 a. Soil physical properties across different cypress stands Sites Depth Gravel (%) Sand (%) Silt (%) Clay (%) Texture SMC (%) pH BD (g cm − 3 ) Porosity (%) WHC (%) Dankaniya 0–10 24.61 ± 6.96 29.18 ± 0.58 35.52 ± 1.10 35.30 ± 1.58 Clay loam 9.17 ± 1.26 6.03 ± 0.07 0.67 ± 0.14 74.10 ± 5.38 61.33 ± 2.03 10–20 35.40 ± 10.34 27.05 ± 3.28 33.57 ± 1.75 39.39 ± 3.13 Clay loam 11.44 ± 1.15 5.93 ± 0.07 0.85 ± 0.14 67.51 ± 5.36 48.63 ± 1.84 20–30 44.35 ± 3.38 25.73 ± 2.73 30.14 ± 2.01 44.73 ± 1.69 Clay 15.05 ± 2.09 5.83 ± 0.07 0.96 ± 0.13 62.96 ± 4.97 50.00 ± 2.65 30–40 30.85 ± 2.38 26.61 ± 3.14 33.41 ± 2.98 39.98 ± 6.02 Clay loam 17.09 ± 3.10 5.90 ± 0.10 0.84 ± 0.14 67.79 ± 5.34 45.90 ± 1.07 40–50 43.43 ± 15.43 32.21 ± 3.25 32.58 ± 0.49 35.21 ± 3.73 Clay loam 17.68 ± 2.53 5.83 ± 0.03 1.03 ± 0.20 60.41 ± 7.65 45.00 ± 2.52 50–60 42.65 ± 5.57 28.58 ± 2.47 32.77 ± 2.06 38.66 ± 4.53 Clay loam 16.43 ± 2.61 5.83 ± 0.07 1.01 ± 0.19 60.99 ± 7.30 43.67 ± 1.67 Farsuli 0–10 69.30 ± 5.21 33.34 ± 6.43 33.34 ± 5.59 33.33 ± 5.29 Clay loam 1.08 ± 0.51 6.67 ± 0.03 1.11 ± 0.03 57.37 ± 1.06 44.57 ± 1.55 10–20 95.73 ± 6.41 33.33 ± 5.89 33.34 ± 5.47 33.33 ± 6.00 Clay loam 2.47 ± 0.27 6.77 ± 0.03 1.68 ± 0.03 35.39 ± 1.06 36.17 ± 2.14 20–30 83.91 ± 2.05 33.33 ± 4.75 33.33 ± 5.46 33.33 ± 4.29 Clay loam 2.97 ± 0.15 6.87 ± 0.03 1.41 ± 0.02 45.80 ± 0.71 31.07 ± 1.95 30–40 74.59 ± 2.83 33.33 ± 5.18 33.33 ± 5.74 33.33 ± 4.11 Clay loam 2.17 ± 0.62 6.67 ± 0.03 1.47 ± 0.02 43.24 ± 0.68 25.33 ± 1.54 40–50 81.91 ± 0.96 33.33 ± 5.16 33.33 ± 4.41 33.33 ± 3.65 Clay loam 1.59 ± 0.39 6.77 ± 0.03 1.31 ± 0.06 49.57 ± 2.18 20.67 ± 2.01 50–60 84.15 ± 2.44 33.33 ± 5.13 33.33 ± 5.29 33.33 ± 5.48 Clay loam 1.30 ± 0.21 6.67 ± 0.03 1.35 ± 0.01 48.05 ± 0.38 15.90 ± 0.78 Manora 0–10 59.68 ± 10.93 38.11 ± 1.48 38.61 ± 0.10 24.86 ± 1.57 Clay loam 4.30 ± 0.45 6.93 ± 0.03 1.22 ± 0.21 53.12 ± 7.87 24.53 ± 1.43 10–20 61.43 ± 2.69 33.84 ± 0.47 38.88 ± 0.28 28.02 ± 0.74 Clay loam 2.35 ± 0.54 7.10 ± 0.10 1.20 ± 0.01 53.64 ± 0.40 20.47 ± 1.56 20–30 85.31 ± 4.36 33.58 ± 0.26 38.99 ± 0.08 27.78 ± 0.35 Clay loam 3.70 ± 0.03 7.20 ± 0.10 1.43 ± 0.07 45.10 ± 2.74 16.17 ± 0.28 30–40 51.08 ± 14.94 32.58 ± 0.64 38.22 ± 0.83 29.00 ± 0.19 Clay loam 3.78 ± 0.82 7.27 ± 0.03 1.02 ± 0.35 60.65 ± 13.68 15.77 ± 0.58 40–50 51.14 ± 11.46 32.41 ± 0.76 40.79 ± 0.28 27.29 ± 0.49 Clay loam 5.19 ± 0.25 7.27 ± 0.07 1.90 ± 0.00 26.83 ± 0.00 15.43 ± 0.34 50–60 51.57 ± 14.46 31.40 ± 0.65 38.23 ± 1.24 29.77 ± 0.60 Clay loam 4.28 ± 0.84 7.10 ± 0.06 1.03 ± 0.34 60.46 ± 13.03 14.60 ± 0.50 Takula 0–10 60.46 ± 6.84 34.36 ± 2.44 35.86 ± 3.78 28.99 ± 2.00 Clay loam 2.89 ± 0.73 6.43 ± 0.07 0.96 ± 0.01 62.98 ± 0.22 41.17 ± 1.09 10–20 63.40 ± 9.74 30.31 ± 1.28 31.92 ± 3.46 37.77 ± 2.56 Clay loam 4.70 ± 0.82 6.40 ± 0.10 1.16 ± 0.13 55.26 ± 5.15 36.87 ± 0.72 20–30 81.19 ± 14.62 32.31 ± 0.67 32.89 ± 0.89 34.81 ± 1.22 Clay loam 4.93 ± 0.79 6.33 ± 0.03 1.24 ± 0.21 52.22 ± 8.03 34.13 ± 0.61 30–40 76.32 ± 18.40 31.61 ± 0.68 36.07 ± 1.23 32.32 ± 1.12 Clay loam 5.15 ± 0.87 6.17 ± 0.07 1.46 ± 0.37 44.02 ± 14.07 33.60 ± 0.26 40–50 92.70 ± 28.02 31.70 ± 2.62 36.71 ± 1.03 31.59 ± 1.80 Clay loam 6.16 ± 0.86 6.20 ± 0.10 1.48 ± 0.21 42.94 ± 8.04 32.73 ± 0.27 50–60 88.36 ± 13.99 31.05 ± 2.41 36.13 ± 0.92 32.82 ± 1.56 Clay loam 6.14 ± 0.43 5.93 ± 0.03 1.47 ± 0.15 43.34 ± 5.58 31.97 ± 0.55 Oak Park 0–10 49.47 ± 22.51 39.14 ± 3.27 36.87 ± 1.49 23.99 ± 1.85 Loam 6.50 ± 2.48 7.20 ± 0.10 0.72 ± 0.22 72.51 ± 8.49 51.80 ± 1.70 10–20 62.74 ± 8.32 37.75 ± 0.27 36.21 ± 0.78 26.04 ± 1.01 Loam 7.34 ± 1.30 7.33 ± 0.09 1.08 ± 0.20 58.63 ± 7.49 46.83 ± 1.13 20–30 51.87 ± 9.70 37.98 ± 2.46 36.95 ± 1.08 25.07 ± 2.42 Loam 7.22 ± 1.58 7.30 ± 0.00 0.90 ± 0.17 65.35 ± 6.29 43.83 ± 1.17 30–40 84.77 ± 25.20 35.24 ± 1.59 36.33 ± 0.42 28.42 ± 1.36 Clay loam 7.47 ± 0.82 7.50 ± 0.00 1.41 ± 0.40 45.82 ± 15.27 40.83 ± 0.44 40–50 57.34 ± 6.49 35.55 ± 1.81 36.77 ± 1.55 27.68 ± 1.02 Clay loam 6.94 ± 1.81 7.40 ± 0.00 0.94 ± 0.13 63.88 ± 4.94 38.23 ± 0.88 50–60 85.64 ± 32.84 35.26 ± 0.94 35.92 ± 1.71 28.82 ± 0.88 Clay loam 7.44 ± 1.47 7.60 ± 0.00 1.39 ± 0.57 46.40 ± 21.73 35.53 ± 0.24 Naina peak 0–10 44.69 ± 1.77 36.12 ± 2.18 36.59 ± 2.67 27.30 ± 1.40 Clay loam 6.37 ± 0.67 6.73 ± 0.03 0.99 ± 0.02 62.04 ± 0.75 44.53 ± 1.05 10–20 65.60 ± 21.06 28.58 ± 0.69 34.07 ± 2.57 37.36 ± 2.79 Clay loam 7.39 ± 0.59 6.47 ± 0.03 1.24 ± 0.27 52.37 ± 10.57 39.60 ± 1.21 20–30 61.94 ± 20.11 24.63 ± 2.12 32.39 ± 1.32 42.98 ± 3.29 Clay 8.09 ± 0.56 6.37 ± 0.03 1.23 ± 0.13 52.55 ± 4.93 35.17 ± 1.65 30–40 56.56 ± 3.67 27.04 ± 0.72 33.70 ± 1.45 39.26 ± 1.39 Clay loam 8.45 ± 1.13 6.57 ± 0.07 1.11 ± 0.18 57.51 ± 7.13 31.93 ± 0.67 40–50 65.89 ± 10.18 28.98 ± 1.86 33.25 ± 3.95 37.77 ± 4.81 Clay loam 9.63 ± 1.77 6.67 ± 0.07 1.39 ± 0.14 46.74 ± 5.38 29.73 ± 0.32 50–60 90.74 ± 13.42 27.82 ± 2.44 32.78 ± 2.47 39.40 ± 4.20 Clay loam 9.01 ± 1.39 6.43 ± 0.07 1.61 ± 0.26 37.92 ± 10.05 28.70 ± 1.11 (Where, SMC-soil moisture content, BD-bulk density, Po-porosity, WHC-water holding capacity) Table 5 b. Soil chemical properties across different cypress stands Sites Depth (cm) TN (%) SOC (%) SOC (Mg ha − 1 ) N (kg ha − 1 ) P (%) K (%) C:N Dankaniya 0–10 0.41 ± 0.01 3.96 ± 0.02 26.70 ± 5.64 642.10 ± 1.71 0.0027 ± 0.0001 0.0132 ± 0.0006 9.65 ± 0.13 10–20 0.39 ± 0.01 3.78 ± 0.03 31.87 ± 5.06 619.43 ± 2.44 0.0026 ± 0.0001 0.0097 ± 0.0002 9.78 ± 0.16 20–30 0.35 ± 0.01 3.45 ± 0.01 33.23 ± 4.36 616.23 ± 1.25 0.0023 ± 0.0001 0.0055 ± 0.0004 9.87 ± 0.19 30–40 0.32 ± 0.01 3.17 ± 0.09 26.38 ± 4.14 603.00 ± 3.06 0.0020 ± 0.0000 0.0048 ± 0.0002 9.86 ± 0.70 40–50 0.28 ± 0.01 2.83 ± 0.05 29.25 ± 6.12 588.67 ± 2.36 0.0018 ± 0.0001 0.0039 ± 0.0001 9.99 ± 0.26 50–60 0.22 ± 0.01 2.56 ± 0.03 26.05 ± 5.02 492.57 ± 2.06 0.0013 ± 0.0001 0.0036 ± 0.0001 11.54 ± 0.59 Farsuli 0–10 0.43 ± 0.00 3.68 ± 0.02 40.78 ± 0.83 649.20 ± 2.08 0.0022 ± 0.0001 0.0141 ± 0.0002 8.49 ± 0.10 10–20 0.40 ± 0.01 3.48 ± 0.03 58.47 ± 1.42 483.47 ± 3.65 0.0024 ± 0.0000 0.0121 ± 0.0002 8.70 ± 0.11 20–30 0.35 ± 0.01 2.77 ± 0.03 39.04 ± 0.63 473.70 ± 2.29 0.0024 ± 0.0001 0.0099 ± 0.0002 7.93 ± 0.24 30–40 0.31 ± 0.01 2.37 ± 0.03 34.99 ± 0.70 463.07 ± 3.77 0.0025 ± 0.0001 0.0077 ± 0.0004 7.58 ± 0.23 40–50 0.26 ± 0.01 2.18 ± 0.02 28.56 ± 1.03 407.23 ± 3.00 0.0018 ± 0.0001 0.0066 ± 0.0002 8.53 ± 0.43 50–60 0.18 ± 0.01 1.95 ± 0.00 26.38 ± 0.23 400.10 ± 0.75 0.0013 ± 0.0001 0.0050 ± 0.0003 10.70 ± 0.49 Manora 0–10 0.46 ± 0.01 3.38 ± 0.08 41.20 ± 7.12 253.30 ± 1.34 0.0019 ± 0.0002 0.0078 ± 0.0002 7.35 ± 0.25 10–20 0.33 ± 0.01 2.51 ± 0.01 30.21 ± 0.12 248.30 ± 1.64 0.0023 ± 0.0001 0.0063 ± 0.0003 7.69 ± 0.26 20–30 0.30 ± 0.01 1.85 ± 0.03 26.37 ± 1.50 244.77 ± 3.07 0.0025 ± 0.0001 0.0052 ± 0.0002 6.23 ± 0.17 30–40 0.26 ± 0.01 1.71 ± 0.01 17.55 ± 6.14 209.47 ± 4.46 0.0025 ± 0.0001 0.0038 ± 0.0002 6.69 ± 0.19 40–50 0.20 ± 0.00 1.45 ± 0.01 27.65 ± 0.13 191.67 ± 1.83 0.0016 ± 0.0002 0.0022 ± 0.0002 7.15 ± 0.10 50–60 0.17 ± 0.01 1.24 ± 0.01 12.78 ± 4.27 151.63 ± 2.10 0.0015 ± 0.0001 0.0019 ± 0.0001 7.20 ± 0.41 Takula 0–10 0.40 ± 0.00 3.49 ± 0.01 33.59 ± 0.29 400.50 ± 3.29 0.0018 ± 0.0000 0.0122 ± 0.0002 8.65 ± 0.05 10–20 0.37 ± 0.01 2.68 ± 0.02 31.16 ± 3.72 369.27 ± 3.01 0.0015 ± 0.0000 0.0077 ± 0.0004 7.31 ± 0.13 20–30 0.33 ± 0.01 2.56 ± 0.01 31.88 ± 5.47 356.70 ± 3.82 0.0013 ± 0.0000 0.0050 ± 0.0002 7.71 ± 0.33 30–40 0.30 ± 0.01 2.51 ± 0.01 36.67 ± 9.42 342.23 ± 2.02 0.0011 ± 0.0000 0.0031 ± 0.0002 8.40 ± 0.30 40–50 0.27 ± 0.00 2.48 ± 0.01 36.90 ± 5.41 301.93 ± 3.23 0.0011 ± 0.0001 0.0022 ± 0.0001 9.32 ± 0.17 50–60 0.22 ± 0.01 2.40 ± 0.01 35.43 ± 3.60 257.40 ± 4.42 0.0009 ± 0.0001 0.0018 ± 0.0001 11.13 ± 0.41 Oak Park 0–10 0.50 ± 0.01 5.08 ± 0.04 36.33 ± 11.31 381.43 ± 2.75 0.0014 ± 0.0001 0.0162 ± 0.0003 10.11 ± 0.35 10–20 0.43 ± 0.01 4.19 ± 0.04 45.01 ± 8.08 372.43 ± 2.38 0.0013 ± 0.0001 0.0150 ± 0.0002 9.67 ± 0.24 20–30 0.39 ± 0.01 3.61 ± 0.05 32.40 ± 5.63 342.10 ± 2.09 0.0015 ± 0.0001 0.0139 ± 0.0001 9.35 ± 0.30 30–40 0.33 ± 0.01 3.15 ± 0.02 44.21 ± 12.25 319.70 ± 3.27 0.0014 ± 0.0001 0.0149 ± 0.0001 9.65 ± 0.30 40–50 0.29 ± 0.01 3.09 ± 0.03 29.03 ± 4.02 253.77 ± 1.51 0.0012 ± 0.0000 0.0156 ± 0.0003 10.54 ± 0.25 50–60 0.25 ± 0.01 2.83 ± 0.09 40.47 ± 17.59 273.33 ± 6.05 0.0011 ± 0.0000 0.0150 ± 0.0001 11.19 ± 0.04 0–10 0.61 ± 0.02 5.94 ± 0.04 58.62 ± 1.03 420.90 ± 3.10 0.0021 ± 0.0001 0.0146 ± 0.0003 9.75 ± 0.31 10–20 0.60 ± 0.00 5.88 ± 0.02 72.88 ± 16.40 374.37 ± 5.98 0.0018 ± 0.0000 0.0126 ± 0.0003 9.85 ± 0.06 Naina peak 20–30 0.59 ± 0.01 5.75 ± 0.03 71.04 ± 7.69 359.30 ± 2.44 0.0021 ± 0.0001 0.0127 ± 0.0012 9.81 ± 0.14 30–40 0.56 ± 0.01 5.30 ± 0.02 58.50 ± 9.82 278.03 ± 3.14 0.0019 ± 0.0001 0.0088 ± 0.0002 9.53 ± 0.24 40–50 0.49 ± 0.01 5.18 ± 0.02 71.66 ± 7.09 246.40 ± 2.34 0.0025 ± 0.0001 0.0083 ± 0.0002 10.66 ± 0.31 50–60 0.43 ± 0.01 4.07 ± 0.08 65.26 ± 9.45 220.27 ± 3.92 0.0014 ± 0.0001 0.0069 ± 0.0002 9.46 ± 0.20 (where, TN-total nitrogen (%), SOC-soil organic carbon (%), TOC-total organic carbon (%), N-available nitrogen, P-available phosphorous (%), K- available potassium (%), C:N-carbon to nitrogen ratio were maximum at Naina Peak stand (5.35%, 9.20% and 0.54%, respectively), while minimum at Manora stand (2.02%, 3.48% and 0.29%, respectively). On the other hand, SOC stock level was highest at 10-20 cm depth at Naina Peak stand (72.88 Mg ha -1 ) while, lowest at 50-60 cm depth at Manora stand (12.78 Mg ha -1 ). Available nitrogen (N) content was highest at 0-10 depth (649.2 kg ha -1 ) in Manora stand, while, lowest at 50-60 cm depth (151.63 kg ha -1 ) in Farsauli stand. Available phosphorous (P) levels were highest at 0-10 cm depth (0.0027%) in Dankaniya stand, while, in Takula stand lowest levels were evaluated at 50-60 cm depth (0.0009%). Available potassium (K) levels were lowest at 50-60 cm depth in Takula stand (0.0018%), while, highest in Oak Park stand (0.0162%). C: N ratio ranged between 6.23 (at 20-30 cm depth in Manora stand) and 11.54 (at 50-60 cm depth in Dankaniya stand). Correlation analysis revealed that with increase in elevation, soil pH, total nitrogen, organic and total carbon and, potassium content significantly (p < 0.05) increased except for the available nitrogen and phosphorous. Depth-wise all soil nutrient stocks significantly declined while, gravel, clay, bulk density and C:N ratio significantly increased (Table 6 ). Discussion The floristic composition of a plant community provides an overall understanding of the structure and functioning of any ecosystem and has frequently been the subject of ecological studies (Singh et al. 2016). In the present study, tree species diversity ranged between 0.42 and 0.85. Generally, monospecific forest types are unable to sustain high floral diversity in contrast to mixed forests which provide heterogenous environment allowing co-existence of various species (Tiwari et al. 2019). Species richness observed in the present study (3–5) are comparable to earlier reported values from temperate forest of Kumaun, Central Himalaya (Bargali et al. 2013; Rana et al. 2015 ), as well as from temperate forest of Garhwal Himalaya (Singh et al. 2014 ) and Western Himalaya (Joshi et al. 2021). In the present study, tree density ranged from 440 to 1050 ha − 1 which is comparable with the values reported for Cypress forests in the previous studies, such as 270–510 ha − 1 by Adhikari et al. ( 1998 ) and 460–600 ha − 1 by Rana et al. ( 2015 ) from the Central Himalayan forests (Table 7 ). The variation in tree basal area, ranging from 30.84 to 60.79 m 2 ha − 1 , suggests diverse age structures across sites, where higher values indicate the dominance of mature trees with lower density, while lower values signify denser stands with a younger demographic composition (Negi et al. 2023). The values of biomass obtained in the present study are in the range of 223.51–434.6 Mg ha − 1 with highest values recorded from Takula stand whereas, lowest across Dankaniya stand. Differences among stands could be most likely due to vegetation type, species composition, girth class of individual trees, temperature, rainfall pattern and altitude, as these variables have a profound effect on biomass (Pant and Tewari 2020). The biomass values evaluated in the present study are comparable to those reported by Adhikari et al. ( 1998 ) for cypress forests in the Nainital region of Central Himalayas, ranging from 239 to 433 Mg ha − 1 . When compared with other coniferous species such as Pines, the biomass values of Cypress forests in present study were higher; however, they were lower than those observed for Cedrus deodara and Abies pindrow forests (Table 7 ). Our study indicates that the density of individual tree species affects total biomass and carbon storage. The carbon stock trend paralleled that of biomass since carbon content is directly proportional to biomass. Our estimates of carbon stock values (106.2-206.4 Mg C ha − 1 ) are within the range given by Verma and Garkoti ( 2019 ), Lal and Lodhyal (2016), Joshi et al. (2021) for central Himalayan broad leaf forests. While, higher than Pine forests reported by Singh ( 2019 ), Gusain et al. (2015), Lal and Lodhyal (2016), Pant and Tiwari (2020), Bisht (2023), and lower than Cedrus and Abies forests (Sharma et al. 2013; Kumar et al. 2024 ). The reported range of biomass carbon stock at a global scale varies widely across different regions and forest types. For example, in temperate rainforests of USA, it ranges from 506 to 627 Mg C ha − 1 (Smithwick et al., 2002 ), while in Northeast China temperate and boreal forests, it ranges from 58.9 to 386.5 Mg C ha − 1 (Wei et al., 2013 ). In Panama, across tropical forests, the range is even broader, from 12.96 to 856.50 Mg C ha − 1 (Ruiz-Jaen and Potvin, 2011 ). These variations highlight the diverse carbon storage capacities of forests worldwide, influenced by factors such as climate, vegetation type, and land management practices (Singh and Verma 2018 ). Table 7 Comparisons of tree density, biomass and carbon stock of present and previous studies in the Central Himalayan forests. Forests Region Location Altitude (m) Tree density (ind. ha − 1 ) Biomass (Mg ha − 1 ) C-stock (Mg C ha − 1 ) Reference Cypress forest India Nainital 1684-2319.5 440–955 223.51–434.6 106.2-206.4 Present study Oak forest Almora 1790–1930 390–1500 145–503 68.29–247.61 Verma and Garkoti(2019) Mixed oak forest Nainital 1500–2100 910–1100 481.05- 568.99 228.5- 270.3 Lal and Lodhyal (2016) Oak forest Nainital 1750–1950 652 230.12 230.12 Joshi et al. 2021 Mixed-Oak Forest Nainital 2000–2250 884 227.23 107.94 Pine forest Nainital 1600 300–300 175.5–245.6 83.36–116.6 Singh (2019) Pine forest Almora 1780–2120 1254 117.17 ± 10.81 55.66 ± 5.13 Gusain et al. (2015) Pine forest Nainital 1600 1040–1260 154–301 73–143 Lal and Lodhyal (2016) Pine forest Nainital 1750–1850 390–3050 97.87–158.97 46.48–74.66 Pant and Tiwari (2020) Pine forest Nainital 1750–1950 650 285.27 135.5 Bisht 2023 Pine forest Garhwal Himalaya 250–300 203.02-230.84 Shiekh et al. 2012 Cypress forest Nainital 2100–2325 270–510 239–433 – Adhikari et al. ( 1998 ) Cypress forest Nainital 2120–2325 460–600 178–431 89.07–206 Rana et al. ( 2015 ) Himalayan Cupressus torulosa Don. Jhandidhar, Garhwal 2100–2500 810.0 ± 82.5 336.56 ± 62.80 154.82 ± 28.89 Sharma et al. 2013 Moist Cedrus deodara Loud. Binsar, Tarkeshwar, Garhwal 2200–2500 447.5 ± 36.3 533.28 ± 39.61 245.31 ± 18.22 Abies pindrow Dudhatoli, Garhwal 2600–3100 507.5 ± 21.7 377.65 ± 38.64 173.72 ± 17.77 Siwalik Pinus roxburghii Fatehpur, Dabrad, Deogaddi, Garhwal 750–1250 685.0 ± 108.0 298.04 ± 56.03 137.10 ± 25.78 Himalayan Pinus roxburghii Sarg Thalisain, Garhwal 1500–1800 525.0 ± 41.7( 159.36 ± 15.80 73.30 ± 7.27 Cedrus deodara pure stand (CDP) Chail, Solan 2080 303.3 ± 20.8 782.6 ± 107.9 360 ± 49.7 Kumar et al. 2024 Abies pindrow dominated stand (APD Churdhar, Sirmaur 2965 546.6 ± 90.7 700.2 ± 334 322.1 ± 154.1 Abies spectabilis pure stand (ASP) Churdhar, Sirmaur 3235 370 ± 72.1 515.5 ± 29.5 249.4 ± 18.7 Cypress forest Northwest Patagonia 650–1500 - 112.2 73.2 Laclau 2002 Further, our study showed that biomass and carbon stock peaked at mid altitude followed by high altitude stands. However, our findings didn’t fully support the findings of few previous studies which reported that forest biomass and carbon stocks increase with increasing altitude in the Himalayan region. Most of the forest types studied in this study were mature, fully stocked, old growth forests and had C stocks on the higher end of the values recorded for the forests of the India and elsewhere in the world (Table 7 ), which infers that these forests have higher amount of C stock. The proportion of above and below ground biomass was observed 83% and 17%, correspondingly, which is consistent to the value reported for Indian forest i.e., 79% and 21% (Chhabra et al. 2002 ). The tree carbon sequestration rates ranged between 2.42 to 4.87 Mg ha − 1 yr − 1 across the study sites. Singh et al. (1985) reported a range of carbon sequestration rate of 5–9 Mg ha − 1 yr − 1 in better managed forests and 1.5 to 3 Mg ha − 1 yr − 1 in the medium-quality forests for Uttarakhand forests. When compared with coniferous forests across the world, the carbon sequestration range were within the reported range (Table 8 ). Stand wise, the Takula stand exhibited highest carbon sequestration rates, likely due to its high tree density and low basal area indicating the predominance of younger trees. Since younger trees grow rapidly, they absorb significant amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to fuel their growth, leading to higher rates of carbon sequestration (Terakunpisut et al. 2007). It can be concluded that the forest is not yet fully mature, but has the potential to continue sequestering carbon as these trees grow and mature further. Table 8 Carbon sequestration rate of different forest species in Himalaya and world forests. Forest Region Carbon sequestration rate (Mg ha − 1 yr − 1 ) References Cypress forest Kumaun Himalaya, India 2.42–4.87 Present study P. roxburghii forest 3.1–6.07 Pant and Tewari 2013 P. roxburghii forest 0.2–3.96 Pant and Tewari 2020 Oak forests 2.64 ± 0.27 Gosain et al. 2015 Pine forests 3.96 ± 0.65 Cunninghamia lanceolata China 2.15 to 4.20 Zhang et al. ( 2007 ), Pinus massoniana 2.15 to 4.28 Pinus banksiana and Picea mariana Cannada 2.1–3.7 Hunt et al. ( 2010 ) Coniferous forests Pakistan 1.65 Adnan et al. ( 2015 ) Cunninghamia lanceolata, Cryptomeria japonica, Taiwania cryptomerioides, Chamaecyparis formosensis (plantation forests) Taiwan 1.79–4.03 Yen et al. 2020 Temperate forests 4.19 Press et al. 2000 Boreal forests 1.4 In the present study, carbon reserves in soils across cypress stands were higher (9–57%) than those in the trees' biomass (Fig. 3 ). Soil organic carbon is considered to be one of the largest carbon reservoirs of the terrestrial ecosystems and also plays an important role in the global carbon cycle (Dar and Sundarapandian 2013). The soil organic carbon stocks have been reported to increase with an increase in forest age (Zhu et al. 2010 ), which was evident across high altitude Naina Peak stands, in our study. The soil carbon stock values in our study were higher than those reported in various studies by Chaturvedi and Melkania (2013), Gosain et al. ( 2015 ), Dar and Sundarapandian (2013), Laclau (2000), Zhang et al. (2020), and Zhu et al. ( 2010 ), across different coniferous stands worldwide (Table 9 ). However, they were lower than those reported for boreal forests by IPCC ( 2007 ). Table 9 Soil carbon stock of different forest type in Himalaya and world forests Forest Area SOC (Mg ha − 1 ) References Cypress forest Kumaun Himalaya 173.42–398.80 Present study Mixed Oak Forest Kumaun Himalaya 43.81 to 53.47 Chaturvedi and Melkania 2013 Mixed Pine Forest 110.37 to 125.03 Oak forests 171.8 Gosain et al. 2015 Pine forests 73.7 Pinus wallichiana and Abies pindrow forests Western Kashmir Himalayas 50.37 to 55.38 Dar and Sundarapandian 2013 Boreal forest 338.8 IPCC 2007 Cypress forest Andean range, Northwest Patagonia 109.8 Laclau 2000 Temperate forest China 93.7-220.1 Zhang et al. 2020 Temperate mix old growth forest 62.7–88.7 Zhu et al. 2010 In Himalayas, bioclimatic conditions change rapidly and may vary within short distances resulting in a pronounced heterogeneity of soil types and their chemical and physical properties (Bargali et al. 2018 ). Our study highlighted highest levels of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) and potassium (K) across high altitude C. torulosa stands as indicated by positive correlation between elevation and soil nutrient content. High altitude soils have more soil organic carbon and nitrogen because low temperature causes hyper aridity of soil and suppresses microbial and enzymatic activities which results in slight and slow soil organic matter mineralization and decomposition, thereby affecting the process of nutrient cycling (Charan et al. 2013). The decline in soil nutrient stocks with increasing depth could be attributed to the fact that decomposition of organic matter takes place in the uppermost layers of the soil (Hong, Gan and Chen 2019). In the present study, high C:N ratio at higher altitudes indicate higher availability of N in the forest floor material, whereas, lower ratio in low altitudes stands indicates faster nitrogen release to the soil (Kewlani et al. 2021 ). Relationship between carbon storage in both above and below ground component and sequestration rate was negative with available nitrogen and phosphorous levels although observed differences were not significant in most cases. This negative relationship can indicate that nitrogen and phosphorus is being utilized by trees for growth, leading to a depletion in their levels in the soil. Supporting this several studies have shown soils with higher tree biomass tended to have lower available nitrogen and phosphorus levels (Alvarez-Clare et al. 2013 ; Sun et al. 2013 ; Hu et al. 2024 ). Conclusion Cypress stands with high tree density have the great potential to sequester more carbon. Carbon sequestration was higher in younger to older forests of Cupressus. The findings suggest that the Cypress stands are moderately effective in sequestering carbon, with potential for further improvement through appropriate management practices. Soil nutrient stocks appears to decrease with increasing depth while, increase with increasing altitude. Results in the present study indicate variation in biomass and carbon pool across Cypress stands. The carbon reserves in soils across cypress stands were higher than those in the trees biomass. This study highlights the importance of cypress forests, emphasizing not just their capacity for sequestering biomass carbon but particularly their substantial soil carbon reserves. Additionally, this study provides useful background for future research to assess the trend of carbon sequestration in Cypress stands. Declarations Funding declaration : R.K.C. thanks NSFC (Grant No. 31750110466). Author Contribution "D.U. , L.M.T., A.T., N.C.P., and R.K.C. wrote the main manuscript text and D.U. and A.T. prepared figures 1-3. All authors reviewed the manuscript. Acknowledgement The authors are thankful to the Forest Department of district Nainital, Uttarakhand for granting permission to conduct this study. The authors also acknowledge Head, Department of Botany, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital. RKC thanks the Central Laboratory, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Menglun, China. Data Availability Data is provided within the manuscript References Adhikari BS, Dhaila-Adhikari S, Rawat YS. Structure of Himalayan moist temperate cypress forest at and around Naini Tal, Kumaun Himalayas. Oecologia Montana. 1998 Dec 1;7(1-2):21-31. Adhikari, B.S., Rawat, Y.S., Singh, S.P., 1995. Structure and function of high altitude forest of Central Himalaya I. dry matter dynamics. Annals of Botany , 75: 237-248. Adnan, A., Nizami, S. M., Marwat, K. B., & Muhammad, J. (2015). Annual accumulation of carbon in coniferous forest of Dir Kohistan: An inventory based estimate. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 47, 115–118. Alvarez-Clare S, Mack MC, Brooks M. A direct test of nitrogen and phosphorus limitation to net primary productivity in a lowland tropical wet forest. Ecology. 2013 Jul;94(7):1540-51. Asif M, Ajaz M, Dar ZM, Amjad M, Showket S, Malik MA, Samoon S, Shafi S, Rashid B. Field performance of Himalayan cypress (Cupressus torulosa) seedlings inoculated with selected species of microbial inoculants under temperate conditions of Kashmir. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2018;7(5):2932-6. Bargali, K., Manral, V., Padalia, K., Bargali, S. S., & Upadhyay, V. P. (2018). Effect of vegetation type and season on microbial biomass carbon in Central Himalayan forest soils, India. Catena , 171 , 125-135. Bargali, S.S., Joshi, M., Bargali, K., 1992. Seasonal pattern of total soil respiration in age series of eucalypt plantation and mixed broad-leaved forest in Tarai belt of Kumaun Himalaya. Oecologia Montana, 2: 7-11. Behera SK, Sahu N, Mishra AK, Bargali SS, Behera MD, Tuli R. Aboveground biomass and carbon stock assessment in Indian tropical deciduous forest and relationship with stand structural attributes. Ecological Engineering. 2017 Feb 1;99:513-24. Bisht, S., Bargali, K., Bargali, S. S., Rawat, P. S., and Rawat, Y. S. (2022). Carbon Pool in Quercus lanuginosa (D. Don) Forest of Askot wildlife sanctuary, Western Himalaya in relation to stand attributes. Indian Forester 148, 709–717. doi: 10.36808/if/2022/ v148i7/168610 Brockerhoff EG, Barbaro L, Castagneyrol B, Forrester DI, Gardiner B, González-Olabarria JR, Lyver PO, Meurisse N, Oxbrough A, Taki H, Thompson ID. Forest biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and the provision of ecosystem services. Biodiversity and Conservation. 2017 Dec;26:3005-35. Cairns, M.A., Meganck, R.A., 1994. Carbon sequestration, biological diversity and sustainable development: integrated forest management. Environmental Management , 18: 13-22. Chhabra, A., Palria, S., & Dadhwal, V. K. (2002). Growing stock based forest biomass in Indian forests. Biomass Bioenergy , 22 , 187-194. Gosain BG, Negi GC, Dhyani PP, Bargali SS, Saxena R. Ecosystem services of forests: Carbon Stock in vegetation and soil components in a watershed of Kumaun Himalaya, India. International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences. 2015 Dec 27;41(3-4):177-88. Hong, Gan & Chen (2019) Hong S, Gan P, Chen A. Environmental controls on soil pH in planted forest and its response to nitrogen deposition. Environmental Research. 2019;172:159–165. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.02.020. Hu C, Lei JP, Wan JZ. The Relationships between Biomass and Soil Respiration across Different Forest Management Practices. Forests. 2024 Apr 17;15(4):712. Hunt, S. L., Gordon, A. M., & Morris, D. M. (2010). Carbon stocks in managed conifer forests in northern Ontario, Canada. Silva Fennica, 44(4), 563–582. doi:10.14214/sf.128 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). 1996. Land use Change and Forestry. In: Revised 1996 IPCC guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K. IPCC, 2007. Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Geneva, Switzerland. Kewlani, P., Negi, V. S., Bhatt, I. D., Rawal, R. S., & Nandi, S. K. (2021). Soil nutrients concentration along altitudinal gradients in Indian Western Himalaya. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research , 36 (2-3), 98-104. Kumar P, Kumar A, Patil M, Hussain S, Singh AN. Factors influencing tree biomass and carbon stock in the Western Himalayas, India. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change. 2024 Jan 9;6:1328694. Laclau P. Biomass and carbon sequestration of ponderosa pine plantations and native cypress forests in northwest Patagonia. Forest ecology and management. 2003 Jul 17;180(1-3):317-33. LaL, B., & Lodhiyal, L. S. (2016). stand structure, productivity and carbon sequestration potential of oak dominated forests in Kumaun Himalaya. Current World Environment , 11 (2), 466. Magnussen, S., Reed, D., 2004. Modelling for estimation and Monitoring. (Food and Agriculture Organization - International Union of Forest Research Organization (FAO-IUFRO). Mund, M.,Schulze, E. (2006). Impacts of forest management on the carbon budget of European Beech (Fagus sylvatica) forests Pandey KK, Gupta G, Mishra VS, Maurya D (2017) Carbon sequestration potential of Kafal (Myrica esculenta): an indigenous, multipurpose and medicinal tree species in high hills of Western Himalaya. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci 6:852–858 Pant, H., & Tewari, A. (2013). Carbon sequestration potential of chir pine ( Pinus roxburghii Sarg.) Forest on two contrasting aspects in Kumaun Central Himalaya between 1650-1860 m elevation. Applied Ecology and Environmental Sciences , 1(6), 110–112. https://doi.org/10.12691/aees-1-6-2. Press, M. C., N. J. Huntley, and S. Levin. 2000. Ecology: Achievements and Challenge. Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK Rana S, Bargali K, Bargali SS. Assessment of plant diversity, regeneration status, biomass and carbon stock in a Central Himalayan cypress forest. International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation. 2015;7(6):321-9. Rawat, Y.S., Singh, J.S., 1988. Structure and function of Oak forest in Central Himalaya. I. dry matter Dynamics. Annals of Botany , 62: 397-41. Ruiz-Jaen, M. C., and Potvin, C. (2011). Can we predict carbon stocks in tropical ecosystems from tree diversity? Comparing species and functional diversity in a plantation and a natural forest. New Phytol. 189, 978–987. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03501.x Sheikh MA, Tiwari A, Anjum J, Sharma S. Dynamics of carbon storage and status of standing vegetation in temperate coniferous forest ecosystem of north western Himalaya India. Vegetos. 2021 Dec;34(4):822-33. Singh SH, Verma AK. Biomass and carbon stocks in different forest types of Western Himalaya. Trop Ecol. 2018 Dec 1;59(4):647-58. Singh, N.; Tamta, K.; Tewari, A.; Ram, J. Studies on vegetational analysis and regeneration status of Pinus roxburghii Roxb. and Quercus leucotrichophora forest of Nainital forest division. Glob. J. Sci. Front. Res. 2014 , 14 , 40–47. https://journalofscience.org/index.php/GJSFR/article/view/1144 Singh, P. (2019). Climate Change Response on Tree Phenology of Major Tree Species in the Central Himalaya (Doctoral dissertation, Ph. D. thesis, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India). Smithwick, E. A., Harmon, M. E., Remillard, S. M., Acker, S. A., and Franklin, J. F. (2002). Potential upper bounds of carbon stores in forests of the Pacific Northwest. Ecol. Appl 12, 1303–1317. Sun H, Wu Y, Yu D, Zhou J (2013) Altitudinal Gradient of Microbial Biomass Phosphorus and Its Relationship with Microbial Biomass Carbon, Nitrogen, and Rhizosphere Soil Phosphorus on the Eastern Slope of Gongga Mountain, SW China. PLoS ONE 8(9): e72952. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0072952 Verma, A. K., & Garkoti, S. C. (2019). Population structure, soil characteristics and carbon stock of the regenerating banj oak forests in Almora, Central Himalaya. Forest Science and Technology , 15 (3), 117-127. Wei, Y., Li, M., Chen, H., Lewis, B. J., Yu, D., Zhou, L., et al. (2013). Variation in carbon storage and its distribution by stand age and forest type in boreal and temperate forests in northeastern China. PLoS One 8:e72201. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072201 Yen TM, Huang KL, Li LE, Wang CH. Assessing carbon sequestration in plantation forests of important conifers based on the system of permanent sample plots across Taiwan. Journal of Sustainable Forestry. 2020 May 18;39(4):392-406. Zhang Q, Wang C. Carbon density and distribution of six Chinese temperate forests. Science China Life Sciences. 2010 Jul;53:831-40. Zhang, J., Ge, Y., Chang, J., Jiang, B., Jiang, H., Changhui, P., … Shuquan, Y. (2007). Carbon storage by ecological service forests in Zhejiang Province, subtropical China. Forest Ecology and Management, 245, 64–75. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2007.03.042 Zhu B, Wang X, Fang J, Piao S, Shen H, Zhao S, Peng C. Altitudinal changes in carbon storage of temperate forests on Mt Changbai, Northeast China. Journal of plant research. 2010 Jul;123:439-52. Table Table 6 is available in the Supplementary Files section Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files Table6.docx Tables.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4635650","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":329615699,"identity":"c33131b9-115b-49eb-8ab6-72ce8881c2f7","order_by":0,"name":"Disha Upreti","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Kumaun University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Disha","middleName":"","lastName":"Upreti","suffix":""},{"id":329615700,"identity":"c5e82380-840f-40e8-ae8c-eebdf66eb8a5","order_by":1,"name":"Lalit Mohan Tewari","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Kumaun University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Lalit","middleName":"Mohan","lastName":"Tewari","suffix":""},{"id":329615701,"identity":"a709e75b-41ba-4ad1-b4ce-c7fb74db7260","order_by":2,"name":"Ashish Tewari","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Kumaun University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ashish","middleName":"","lastName":"Tewari","suffix":""},{"id":329615702,"identity":"38ba4872-fab7-44ea-a184-6ceff5cdd0ab","order_by":3,"name":"Naveen Chandra Pandey","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Kumaun University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Naveen","middleName":"Chandra","lastName":"Pandey","suffix":""},{"id":329615703,"identity":"6b2609de-df82-4032-9bef-b0221577de37","order_by":4,"name":"R. K. Chaturvedi","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"R.","middleName":"K.","lastName":"Chaturvedi","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-06-25 10:23:51","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4635650/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4635650/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":62652726,"identity":"304b2f86-7b18-4e14-9bb9-c87dce3d4602","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-08-17 01:03:26","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":233094,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eLocation map of the study area in Nainital district of Uttarakhand.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4635650/v1/8b6c7d372989f816bbe19cfb.png"},{"id":62652725,"identity":"d94f4d39-f957-4cb2-80cb-c8d788ab7c79","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-08-17 01:03:26","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":23667,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eMeteorological data of the study period 2021-22 (\u003cem\u003esource-\u003c/em\u003eAryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences). Lines represent maximum (red) and minimum (blue) temperature.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4635650/v1/aebae72ef7586e5ef3c88db7.png"},{"id":62653928,"identity":"99517024-8168-4141-81d3-31f94d091046","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-08-17 01:19:26","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":9815,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eCarbon storage in tree and soil component in Cypress stands\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4635650/v1/6cc0b7778fa4cc1e185f9e15.png"},{"id":64090010,"identity":"98d639a0-c6b2-4856-b7ec-387a45eb542b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-09-06 14:14:49","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1983178,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4635650/v1/6b07d4cd-9f7e-4872-bf3b-2af936f1aeed.pdf"},{"id":62653493,"identity":"7cef072b-53d2-4d77-8135-d96e7dcc6300","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-08-17 01:11:26","extension":"docx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":37542,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Table6.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4635650/v1/538b3e8dc6575697b250bf88.docx"},{"id":62652723,"identity":"513a91d2-652b-46c8-95bd-b1f39f501f98","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-08-17 01:03:26","extension":"docx","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":59630,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Tables.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4635650/v1/e6ccf860c058474972a6f1cb.docx"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Carbon Sequestration Potential of Himalayan Cypress Stands of Kumaun Central Himalaya, India","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eForests provide vital ecosystems services and goods to the survival of human beings across the globe (Brockerhoff et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e). They also play an important role in providing various benefits at the local and regional scales. Furthermore, forests actively participate in the exchange of carbon with the atmosphere, engaging in the processes of photosynthesis and respiration. This accumulation of carbon within forests makes them a significant carbon reservoir, storing substantial amounts of carbon within vegetation and soil (Rana et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e). This intricate interplay contributes to the regulation of carbon levels, making forests pivotal in maintaining environmental balance on multiple levels (Bhatta et al. 2021). Forests have greater carbon in biomass and soils compared to other natural ecosystems and atmosphere (Favero et al. 2020; Yam et al. 2021; Joshi et al. 2021). The central Himalayan forests are defined by the prevalence of prominent tree species across different altitudes which play a vital role in sustaining ecosystem functions and providing essential services (Joshi et al. 2023). Therefore, exploring characteristics of these forests, including floristic diversity, structural patterns, and distribution, is imperative for the preservation of ecosystem stability. Additionally, studies on forest biomass provide critical insights into the carbon dynamics of ecosystems and play a fundamental role in assessing the overall carbon storage capacity of forests at broader geographical levels (Behera et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e; Bisht et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). Although, quantitative studies on carbon in biomass and soil are well discussed at national as well as at global level, there are still a great deal of uncertainties about biomass, carbon stock and carbon sequestration of a particular forest ecosystem in Himalayan region.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Himalayan cypress (\u003cem\u003eCupressus torulosa\u003c/em\u003e D. Don) is a coniferous evergreen tree of family Cupressaceae, and is native to the Himalayas and the surrounding regions, including Bhutan, northern India, and Nepal (Asif et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e). It thrives in limestone-rich barren terrains across the Western and Central Himalayas, with an elevational range spanning from 1700 to 2700 meters (Pandit and Ram 2004). Spatially, it occurs either as pure stands or in association with coniferous species like Deodar, and broad-leaved species such as \u003cem\u003eQuercus\u003c/em\u003e spp. and \u003cem\u003eAcer\u003c/em\u003e spp (Rana et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e; Negi et al. 2023). Throughout literature there is a noticeable scarcity of studies that quantify the biomass and carbon storage potential of Cypress stands along altitudinal gradient. By investigating the carbon sequestration capacity of this tree species, we can assess its contribution to carbon storage in both above-ground biomass and soil. We conducted the present study in Cypress stands of Kumaun, central Himalayas to evaluate vegetation parameters of the stands, to explore the pattern of biomass and carbon stocks along an altitudinal gradient, and to study the factors influencing carbon storage potential.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Material and Methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStudy area\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study was carried out in Cypress stands located between 29\u0026deg;21'\u0026ndash;29\u0026deg; 23' N and 79\u0026deg;26'\u0026ndash;79\u0026deg;32' E of Nainital forest division of District Nainital, Uttarakhand, India (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e), and the data collection period spanned from October 2021 to October 2022. Detailed characteristics of the study area are given in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e. The climate of the study area is mainly ruled by monsoon pattern. On the basis of temperature and amount of rainfall, seasons were divided into following combination of months viz., summer (March-June), rainy (July-October) and winter (November-February). During the study period, area received a total annual rainfall of 1854.3 mm with maximum precipitation of 407 mm in October (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). During the rainy season, relative humidity reached its peak, hitting 88% in the month of September (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). The maximum mean monthly temperature fluctuated from 14.1\u0026deg;C (January) to 24.7\u0026deg;C (April), while the minimum mean temperature ranged from 4.3\u0026deg;C (January) to 16.5\u0026deg;C (September) (meteorological data was collected from the nearest meteorological station located at Nainital) (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe studied Cypress stands come under lesser Himalayan range of Kumaun region. This region predominantly constitute of igneous, sedimentary and low\u0026ndash;grade metamorphic rocks belonging to krol formations (Valdiya 1980).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSite characteristics of the study area.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eS. No\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eForest site\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLongitude\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLatitude\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAltitude (m asl)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAspect\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFarsauli\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e79\u0026deg;31'1.88\"E\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29\u0026deg;22'42.75\"N\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1682\u0026ndash;1686\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eII\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDankaniya\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e79\u0026deg;32'55.17\"E\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29\u0026deg;23'0.85\"N\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1690\u0026ndash;1700\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIII\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eManora\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e79\u0026deg;27'48.01\"E\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29\u0026deg;21'44.99\"N\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1768\u0026ndash;1837\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIV\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTakula\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e79\u0026deg;27'29.97\"E\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29\u0026deg;21'45.77\"N\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1808\u0026ndash;1895\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSW\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eV\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOak-Park\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e79\u0026deg;26'20.34\"E\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29\u0026deg;23'44.58\"N\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2113\u0026ndash;2148\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eW\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eVI\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNaina- Peak\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e79\u0026deg;26'8.91\"E\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29\u0026deg;23'49.37\"N\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2315\u0026ndash;2324\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNW\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhere, SE-south east, NE-north east, SW-south west, W-west, NW-north west\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eSoil sampling and analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe soil samples at depths 0\u0026ndash;10 cm, 10\u0026ndash;20 cm, 20\u0026ndash;30 cm, 30\u0026ndash;40 cm, 40\u0026ndash;50 cm and 50\u0026ndash;60 cm were collected in triplicates from each forest stand using soil corer. Samples were brought to the laboratory to determine the soil physical and chemical properties. Components of soil texture was determined using sieves of different mesh sizes: \u0026gt;2 mm for gravel, 0.05-2 mm for sand, 0.05\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;0.002 mm for silt and \u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.002 mm for clay. To evaluate the soil moisture content, fresh samples of soil were weighed and dried in Oven at 60 ⁰C till the constant weight was achieved. Water holding capacity was estimated following Piper (1950). Bulk density (BD) was estimated as mass of dry soil per unit volume of the corer (g cm\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;3\u003c/sup\u003e) following Vibhuti (2019). Porosity was calculated as the percentage of void in soil volume following Kumar et al. (2020).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe soil pH was assessed by creating a mixture of soil and distilled water in a ratio of 1:5 using a digital pH meter (Systronics pH system 361). Soil Organic Carbon was estimated by Wet combustion and Dichromate oxidation method (Walkely and Black, 1947). The soil total nitrogen (TN) was estimated following Kjeldahl method. The available soil phosphorus was assessed following Olsen\u0026rsquo;s method (Olsen et al. 1954). The available potassium was determined by flame photometer using neutral normal acetate method of Black (1965).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eVegetation sampling and analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAfter intensive reconnaissance survey, 6 Cypress stands were identified along the altitudinal gradients of 1600\u0026ndash;2500 m asl in Kumaon, Central Himalaya. The study employed systematic sampling method. From each Cypress stand, 1 ha forested area was selected randomly and was divided into 20 plots of ~\u0026thinsp;100.29 m\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e each. Within each plot, circular nested plots of 5.65 m radius were laid covering 100 m\u0026sup2; area to measure trees circumference at breast height (CBH in cm). Density and Total basal area were determined following Curtis and McIntosh (1950) and Misra (1968). Shannon's Diversity Index (H\u0026prime;) of trees was calculated following the methodology outlined by Shannon and Weaver (1963), Simpson's concentration of dominance (Cd) by Simpson (1949), and Evenness (E) as per Pielou's Evenness Index (1966).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe biomass for tree and saplings were estimated by using allometric equations reported by Chaturvedi and Singh (1987). Rawat and Singh (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1988\u003c/span\u003e), Bargali et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1992\u003c/span\u003e), and Adhikari et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1995\u003c/span\u003e), as:\u003cdiv id=\"Equa\" class=\"Equation\"\u003e\u003cdiv format=\"TEX\" class=\"mathdisplay\" id=\"FileID_Equa\" name=\"EquationSource\"\u003e\n$$\\:ln\\:\\text{y}=a+\\text{b}\\:ln\\:\\text{x}$$\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ewhere, a\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;intercept, b\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;slope or regression coefficient, x\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;CBH (cm) and y\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;weight of the components of tree (kg).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCarbon stock (C) was calculated following Magnussen and Reed (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2004\u003c/span\u003e) as:\u003cdiv id=\"Equb\" class=\"Equation\"\u003e\u003cdiv format=\"TEX\" class=\"mathdisplay\" id=\"FileID_Equb\" name=\"EquationSource\"\u003e\n$$\\:\\text{C}=\\text{B}\\times\\:0.475$$\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhere, C is the Carbon stock and B is oven dry biomass\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe total carbon stock (TCS) was calculated by summing up the total aboveground carbon stock (AGCS), belowground carbon stock (BGCS) and soil organic carbon (SOC).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eTCS\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;AGCS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;BGCS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;SOC\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor the estimation of annual biomass accumulation in each forest stand, trees were marked and CBH were measured in the year 2021, and their CBH was remeasured in each sampling plot in the subsequent year, i.e., 2022. The net change in biomass (ΔB\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;B\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e-B\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e) yielded annual biomass accumulation. Carbon sequestration rate (CSR) was calculated by multiplying ΔB with 0.475. The difference between carbon content estimated in year one versus year two was taken as the carbon sequestration rate (Tewari et al. 2008).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStatistical analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTwo-way ANOVA (analysis of variance) was conducted to assess the impact of site, soil depth and their combined interactions on soil physical and chemical properties. Pearson\u0026rsquo;s correlation test was done to assess the relationship between environmental variables. All statistical analysis was done using SPSS software version 22.0.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eForests vegetational parameters\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHighest tree species richness was documented at Naina- Peak (5) while, it was lowest at Farsauli, Dankania and Manora sites with 3 tree species each (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). Maximum tree density was recorded at Takula site (1050 ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e) and minimum at Dankania site (440 ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e). Total basal area of the forests ranged from 30.84 m\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e (Manora site) to 60.79 m\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e (Oak Park site). Similar to species richness, highest tree species diversity was documented from Naina- Peak site (0.85) and lowest at Manora site (0.42) with mean tree diversity of 0.38\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.12. Highest evenness was recorded at Takula (0.6) while lowest at Dankania (0.04). Concentration of dominance was recorded highest at Farsauli (0.96) and minimum at Takula (0.53) (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003ctable id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStructural characteristics of tree layer of Cypress stands in Nainital, Uttarakhand.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSites\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTree species\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTBA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eH\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCd\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eE\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFarsauli\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCupressus torulosa, Pinus roxburghii, Quercus leucotrichophora\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e475\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDankania\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCupressus torulosa, Pyrus pashia, Aesculus indica\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e440\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eManora\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCupressus torulosa, Cedrus deodara, Pinus roxburghii\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e560\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTakula\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCupressus torulosa, Quercus leucotrichophora, Rhododendron arboreum, Cedrus deodara\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1050\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37.43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOak- Park\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCupressus torulosa, Quercus leucotrichophora, Quercus floribunda, Acer oblongum\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e485\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNaina-Peak\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCupressus torulosa, Quercus floribunda, Rhododendron arboreum, Lyonia ovalifolia, Cedrus deodara\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e555\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWhere, TD-total density (ind. ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e), TBA-total basal area (m\u0026sup2; ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e), H-Shannon diversity index, Cd-concentration of dominance, E-evenness\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eBiomass distribution and carbon sequestration rate\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal tree biomass (TB in Mg ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e) across all six sites ranged from 223.51 (Manora stand) to 434.59 (Oak Park stand) in the first year and increased to 228.61 (Manora stand) and 442.68 (Oak Park stand) in the second year (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). The range of aboveground tree biomass (AGB in Mg ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e) in first year varied between 181.94 (Manora stand) and 372.87 (Oak Park stand), which increased slightly by the second year and ranged between 186.42 and 380.15, respectively. The belowground biomass (BGB in Mg ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e) in initial year ranged from 41.56 (Manora stand) to 83.89 (Takula stand), which increased to 42.19 and 85.40 in the second year, respectively (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003ctable id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAboveground biomass (AGB Mg ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e), belowground biomass (BGB Mg ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e), total biomass (TB Mg ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e), and net increment in biomass (\u0026Delta;B) in Mg ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e of Cypress forests\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFirst year\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSecond year\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;B\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSite\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSpecies\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAGB\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBGB\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTB\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAGB\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBGB\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTB\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFarsauli\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCupressus torulosa\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e243.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46.43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e289.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e247.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e294.97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eQuercus leucotrichophora\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePinus roxburghii\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e246.00\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e47.27\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e293.27\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e251\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e47.9\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e298.89\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5.61\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDankania\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCupressus torulosa\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e214.95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41.41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e256.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e220.43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41.92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e262.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePyrus pashia\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAesculus indica\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e223.46\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e44.33\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e267.79\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e229.11\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e44.89\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e274\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6.2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eManora\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCupressus torulosa\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e169.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e208.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e173.31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e212.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCedrus deodara\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.94\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePinus roxburghii\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e181.94\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e41.56\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e223.51\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e186.42\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e42.19\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e228.61\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5.09\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTakula\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCupressus torulosa\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e166.97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e212.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e171.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e217.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCedrus deodara\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eQuercus leucotrichophora\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e101.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e135.97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e104.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e140.59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRhododendron arboreum\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.99\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e286.19\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e83.89\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e370.08\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e294.93\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e85.4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e380.34\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e10.25\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOak Park\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCupressus torulosa\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e361.43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57.93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e419.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e368.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e426.98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eQuercus floribunda\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eQuercus leucotrichophora\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eIlex dipyrena\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e372.87\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e61.73\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e434.59\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e380.15\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e62.55\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e442.68\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8.1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNaina-Peak\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCupressus torulosa\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e246.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e293.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e253.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47.48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e300.92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eQuercus floribunda\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRhododendron arboreum\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLyonia ovalifolia\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCedrus deodara\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e304.31\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e59.02\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e363.33\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e311.57\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e59.75\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e371.3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e7.98\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWhere, AGB-aboveground biomass, BGB-belowground biomass, TB-total biomass, \u0026Delta;B-difference between biomass of first year and second year\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIn the first year, total tree carbon stock (TCS) ranged from 106.17 Mg C ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e in the Manora stand to 206.43 Mg C ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e in the Oak Park stand. By the second year, TCS range shifted from 108.59 Mg C ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e in the Manora stand to 210.27 Mg C ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e in the Oak Park stand (Table 4). The aboveground carbon stock (AGCS) in the first year varied from 108.59 Mg C ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e in the Manora stand to 210.27 Mg C ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e in the Oak Park stand which increased to 186.42 Mg C ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e and 380.15 Mg C ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e in second year, respectively. Belowground biomass (BGCS), in the first year, ranged from 19.74 Mg C ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e in the Manora stand to 39.85 Mg C ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e in the Takula stand. By the second year, this range shifted slightly to 20.04 Mg C ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e and 40.57 Mg C ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e, respectively (Table\u0026nbsp;4). The carbon sequestration rate (in Mg C ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003eyr\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e) across six sites ranged from 2.42 (at Manora stand) to 4.87 (at Takula stand).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTables\u0026nbsp;4.\u003c/strong\u003e Aboveground carbon stock (AGCS in Mg C ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e), belowground carbon stock (BGCS in Mg C ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e), total carbon stock (TCS in Mg C ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e), and carbon sequestration rate (CSR) in Mg C ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003eyr\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e of Cypress forests.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003ctable id=\"Taba\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSite\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSpecies\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFirst year\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSecond year\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCSR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAGCS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBGCS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTCS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAGCS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBGCS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTCS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFarsauli\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCupressus torulosa\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e115.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e137.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e117.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e140.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eQuercus leucotrichophora\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePinus roxburghii\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e116.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e139.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e119.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e141.97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.67\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDankania\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCupressus torulosa\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e102.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e121.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e104.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e124.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePyrus pashia\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAesculus indica\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e106.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e127.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e108.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e130.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.94\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eManora\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCupressus torulosa\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e98.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e82.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e101.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCedrus deodara\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePinus roxburghii\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e86.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e106.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e88.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e108.59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.42\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTakula\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCupressus torulosa\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79.31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e81.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e103.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCedrus deodara\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eQuercus leucotrichophora\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64.59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRhododendron arboreum\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e135.94\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e175.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e140.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e180.66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4.87\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOak Park\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCupressus torulosa\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e171.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e199.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e174.95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e202.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eQuercus floribunda\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eQuercus leucotrichophora\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eIlex dipyrena\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e177.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e206.43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e180.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e210.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.84\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNaina-Peak\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCupressus torulosa\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e117.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e139.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e120.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e142.94\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eQuercus floribunda\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRhododendron arboreum\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLyonia ovalifolia\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCedrus deodara\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e144.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e172.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e148\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e176.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.8\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWhere, AGCS-aboveground carbon stock, BGCS-belowground carbon stock, TCS-total carbon stock, CSR-carbon sequestration rate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eSoil physico-chemical properties\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSoil physico-chemical parameters differed significantly across forest stands and depths (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05), except for sand, silt and pH between depths. Site and depth combined interactions also showed significant variation in water holding capacity and all chemical parameters (Supplementary Table 1). Depth-wise detailed descriptions of soil physico-chemical properties are given in (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003ea-b).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAcross all forest sites and soil depths, the soil texture ranged from loam, clay loam to clay. Irrespective of soil depth, the soil moisture ranged from 1.08 (Farsauli site) to 17.68% (Dankaniya) across sites. The minimum and maximum bulk density ranged from 0.67 g cm\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;3\u003c/sup\u003e at 0\u0026ndash;10 cm depth (Farsuali) to 1.90 g cm\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;3\u003c/sup\u003e at 40\u0026ndash;50 cm depth (Dankaniya), whereas, porosity varied between 26.83% at 40\u0026ndash;50 cm depth (Dankaniya) to 74.10% at 0\u0026ndash;10 cm depth (Farsuali) across cypress forests. The average water holding capacity was highest at 0\u0026ndash;10 cm depth in Dankaniya stand (61.33%) while, lowest at 50\u0026ndash;60 cm depth in Manora stand (14.60%).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAmong soil chemical properties, pH fluctuated between 5.83 (Dankaniya) and 7.60 (Oak Park). Soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) and available potassium (K) levels were higher at high attitude cypress stands (Oak Park and Naina Peak stands), whereas lower at low altitude stands (Farsauli and Manora stands). SOC levels were minimum at 50\u0026ndash;60 cm depth in Manora (1.24%), while, maximum at 0-10cm depth in Naina Peak (5.94%). TN levels\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ea.\u003c/strong\u003e Soil physical properties across different cypress stands\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSites\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDepth\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGravel (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSand (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSilt (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClay (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTexture\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSMC (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBD (g cm\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;3\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePorosity (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWHC (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDankaniya\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u0026ndash;10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.61\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.18\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.52\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.30\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClay loam\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.17\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.03\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.67\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e74.10\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61.33\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u0026ndash;20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.40\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.05\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.57\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39.39\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClay loam\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.44\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.93\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.85\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e67.51\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48.63\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u0026ndash;30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.35\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.73\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.14\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.73\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClay\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.05\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.83\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.96\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62.96\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u0026ndash;40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.85\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.61\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.41\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39.98\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClay loam\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.09\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.90\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.84\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e67.79\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.90\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u0026ndash;50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.43\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15.43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.21\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.58\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.21\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClay loam\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.68\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.83\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.03\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60.41\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50\u0026ndash;60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.65\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.58\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.77\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38.66\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClay loam\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.43\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.83\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.01\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60.99\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.67\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFarsuli\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u0026ndash;10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e69.30\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.34\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.34\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.33\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClay loam\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.08\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.67\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.11\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57.37\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.57\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u0026ndash;20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95.73\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.33\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.34\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.33\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClay loam\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.47\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.77\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.68\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.39\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.17\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u0026ndash;30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e83.91\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.33\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.33\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.33\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClay loam\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.97\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.87\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.41\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.80\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.07\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u0026ndash;40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e74.59\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.33\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.33\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.33\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClay loam\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.17\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.67\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.47\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.24\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.33\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u0026ndash;50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e81.91\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.33\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.33\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.33\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClay loam\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.59\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.77\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.31\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49.57\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.67\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50\u0026ndash;60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e84.15\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.33\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.33\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.33\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClay loam\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.30\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.67\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.35\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48.05\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.90\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eManora\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u0026ndash;10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59.68\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10.93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38.11\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38.61\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.86\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClay loam\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.30\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.93\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.22\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.12\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7.87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.53\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u0026ndash;20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61.43\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.84\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38.88\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.02\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClay loam\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.35\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.10\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.20\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.64\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.47\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u0026ndash;30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85.31\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.58\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38.99\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.78\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClay loam\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.70\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.20\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.43\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.10\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.17\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u0026ndash;40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51.08\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.94\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.58\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38.22\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClay loam\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.78\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.27\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.02\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60.65\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.77\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u0026ndash;50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51.14\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.41\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.79\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.29\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClay loam\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.19\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.27\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.90\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.83\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.43\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50\u0026ndash;60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51.57\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.40\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38.23\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.77\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClay loam\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.28\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.10\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.03\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60.46\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.60\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTakula\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u0026ndash;10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60.46\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.36\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.86\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.99\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClay loam\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.43\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.96\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62.98\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41.17\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u0026ndash;20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63.40\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.31\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.92\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37.77\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClay loam\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.70\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.40\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.16\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.26\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.87\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u0026ndash;30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e81.19\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.31\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.81\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClay loam\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.93\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.33\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.24\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52.22\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.13\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u0026ndash;40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e76.32\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;18.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.61\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.07\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.32\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClay loam\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.15\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.17\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.46\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.02\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.60\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u0026ndash;50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e92.70\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;28.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.70\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.71\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.59\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClay loam\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.16\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.20\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.48\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.94\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.73\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50\u0026ndash;60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e88.36\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.99\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.05\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.13\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.82\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClay loam\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.14\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.93\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.47\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.34\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.97\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOak Park\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u0026ndash;10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49.47\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;22.51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39.14\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.87\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.99\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLoam\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.50\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.20\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.72\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72.51\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51.80\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u0026ndash;20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62.74\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37.75\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.21\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.04\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLoam\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.34\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.33\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.08\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58.63\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7.49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46.83\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u0026ndash;30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51.87\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37.98\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.95\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.07\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLoam\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.22\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.30\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.90\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65.35\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.83\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u0026ndash;40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e84.77\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;25.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.24\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.33\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.42\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClay loam\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.47\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.50\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.41\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.82\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.83\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u0026ndash;50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57.34\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.55\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.77\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.68\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClay loam\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.94\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.40\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.94\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63.88\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.94\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38.23\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50\u0026ndash;60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85.64\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;32.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.26\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.94\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.92\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.82\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClay loam\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.44\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.60\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.39\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46.40\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;21.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.53\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNaina peak\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u0026ndash;10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.69\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.12\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.59\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.30\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClay loam\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.37\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.73\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.99\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62.04\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.53\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u0026ndash;20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65.60\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;21.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.58\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.07\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37.36\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClay loam\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.39\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.47\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.24\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52.37\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39.60\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u0026ndash;30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61.94\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;20.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.63\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.39\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.98\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClay\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.09\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.37\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.23\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52.55\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.17\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u0026ndash;40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56.56\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.04\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.70\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39.26\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClay loam\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.45\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.57\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.11\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57.51\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.93\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u0026ndash;50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.98\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.25\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37.77\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClay loam\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.63\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.67\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.39\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46.74\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.73\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50\u0026ndash;60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90.74\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.82\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.78\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39.40\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClay loam\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.01\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.43\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.61\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37.92\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.70\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Where, SMC-soil moisture content, BD-bulk density, Po-porosity, WHC-water holding capacity)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003ctable id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eb.\u003c/strong\u003e Soil chemical properties across different cypress stands\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSites\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDepth (cm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTN (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSOC (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSOC (Mg ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN (kg ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eK (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC:N\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDankaniya\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u0026ndash;10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.41\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.96\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.70\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e642.10\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0027\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0132\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0006\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.65\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u0026ndash;20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.39\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.78\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.87\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e619.43\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0026\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0097\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0002\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.78\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u0026ndash;30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.35\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.45\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.23\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e616.23\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0023\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0055\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0004\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.87\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u0026ndash;40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.32\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.17\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.38\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e603.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0020\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0048\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0002\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.86\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u0026ndash;50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.28\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.83\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.25\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e588.67\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0018\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0039\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.99\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50\u0026ndash;60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.22\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.56\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.05\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e492.57\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0013\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0036\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.54\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFarsuli\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u0026ndash;10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.43\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.68\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.78\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e649.20\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0022\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0141\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0002\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.49\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u0026ndash;20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.40\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.48\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58.47\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e483.47\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0024\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0121\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0002\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.70\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u0026ndash;30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.35\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.77\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39.04\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e473.70\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0024\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0099\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0002\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.93\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u0026ndash;40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.31\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.37\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.99\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e463.07\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0025\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0077\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0004\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.58\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u0026ndash;50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.26\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.18\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.56\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e407.23\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0018\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0066\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0002\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.53\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50\u0026ndash;60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.18\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.95\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.38\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e400.10\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0013\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0050\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0003\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.70\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eManora\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u0026ndash;10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.46\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.38\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41.20\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e253.30\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0019\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0002\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0078\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0002\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.35\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u0026ndash;20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.33\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.51\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.21\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e248.30\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0023\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0063\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0003\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.69\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u0026ndash;30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.30\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.85\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.37\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e244.77\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0025\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0052\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0002\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.23\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u0026ndash;40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.26\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.71\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.55\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e209.47\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0025\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0038\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0002\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.69\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u0026ndash;50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.20\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.45\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.65\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e191.67\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0016\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0002\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0022\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0002\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.15\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50\u0026ndash;60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.17\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.24\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.78\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e151.63\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0015\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0019\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.20\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTakula\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u0026ndash;10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.40\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.49\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.59\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e400.50\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0018\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0122\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0002\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.65\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u0026ndash;20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.37\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.68\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.16\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e369.27\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0015\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0077\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0004\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.31\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u0026ndash;30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.33\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.56\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.88\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e356.70\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0013\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0050\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0002\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.71\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u0026ndash;40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.30\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.51\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.67\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e342.23\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0011\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0031\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0002\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.40\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u0026ndash;50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.27\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.48\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.90\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e301.93\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0011\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0022\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.32\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50\u0026ndash;60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.22\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.40\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.43\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e257.40\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0009\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0018\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.13\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOak Park\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u0026ndash;10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.50\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.08\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.33\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e381.43\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0014\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0162\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0003\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.11\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u0026ndash;20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.43\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.19\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.01\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e372.43\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0013\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0150\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0002\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.67\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u0026ndash;30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.39\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.61\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.40\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e342.10\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0015\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0139\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.35\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u0026ndash;40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.33\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.15\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.21\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e319.70\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0014\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0149\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.65\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u0026ndash;50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.29\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.09\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.03\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e253.77\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0012\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0156\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0003\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.54\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50\u0026ndash;60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.25\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.83\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.47\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;17.59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e273.33\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0011\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0150\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.19\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u0026ndash;10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.61\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.94\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58.62\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e420.90\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0021\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0146\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0003\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.75\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u0026ndash;20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.60\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.88\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72.88\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;16.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e374.37\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0018\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0126\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0003\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.85\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNaina peak\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u0026ndash;30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.59\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.75\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71.04\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7.69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e359.30\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0021\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0127\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0012\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.81\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u0026ndash;40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.56\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.30\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58.50\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e278.03\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0019\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0088\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0002\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.53\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u0026ndash;50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.49\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.18\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71.66\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e246.40\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0025\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0083\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0002\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.66\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50\u0026ndash;60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.43\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.07\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65.26\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e220.27\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0014\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0069\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0002\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.46\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003ctfoot\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\"\u003e(where, TN-total nitrogen (%), SOC-soil organic carbon (%), TOC-total organic carbon (%), N-available nitrogen, P-available phosphorous (%), K- available potassium (%), C:N-carbon to nitrogen ratio\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tfoot\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ewere maximum\u0026nbsp;at\u0026nbsp;Naina Peak stand (5.35%, 9.20% and 0.54%, respectively), while minimum\u0026nbsp;at\u0026nbsp;Manora stand (2.02%, 3.48% and 0.29%, respectively). On the other hand, SOC stock level was highest at 10-20 cm depth at Naina Peak stand (72.88 Mg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e) while, lowest at 50-60 cm depth at Manora stand (12.78 Mg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e). \u0026nbsp; Available nitrogen (N) content was highest at 0-10 depth (649.2 kg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e) in Manora stand, while, lowest at 50-60 cm depth (151.63 kg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e) in Farsauli stand. Available phosphorous (P) levels were highest at 0-10 cm depth (0.0027%) in Dankaniya stand, while, in Takula stand lowest levels were evaluated at 50-60 cm depth (0.0009%). \u0026nbsp;Available potassium (K) levels were lowest at 50-60 cm depth in Takula stand (0.0018%), while, highest in Oak Park stand (0.0162%). C: N ratio ranged between 6.23 (at 20-30 cm depth in Manora stand) and 11.54 (at 50-60 cm depth in Dankaniya stand).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCorrelation analysis revealed that with increase in elevation, soil pH, total nitrogen, organic and total carbon and, potassium content significantly (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05) increased except for the available nitrogen and phosphorous. Depth-wise all soil nutrient stocks significantly declined while, gravel, clay, bulk density and C:N ratio significantly increased (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe floristic composition of a plant community provides an overall understanding of the structure and functioning of any ecosystem and has frequently been the subject of ecological studies (Singh et al. 2016). In the present study, tree species diversity ranged between 0.42 and 0.85. Generally, monospecific forest types are unable to sustain high floral diversity in contrast to mixed forests which provide heterogenous environment allowing co-existence of various species (Tiwari et al. 2019). Species richness observed in the present study (3\u0026ndash;5) are comparable to earlier reported values from temperate forest of Kumaun, Central Himalaya (Bargali et al. 2013; Rana et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e), as well as from temperate forest of Garhwal Himalaya (Singh et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e) and Western Himalaya (Joshi et al. 2021).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the present study, tree density ranged from 440 to 1050 ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e which is comparable with the values reported for Cypress forests in the previous studies, such as 270\u0026ndash;510 ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e by Adhikari et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1998\u003c/span\u003e) and 460\u0026ndash;600 ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e by Rana et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e) from the Central Himalayan forests (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab7\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e). The variation in tree basal area, ranging from 30.84 to 60.79 m\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e, suggests diverse age structures across sites, where higher values indicate the dominance of mature trees with lower density, while lower values signify denser stands with a younger demographic composition (Negi et al. 2023).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe values of biomass obtained in the present study are in the range of 223.51\u0026ndash;434.6 Mg ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e with highest values recorded from Takula stand whereas, lowest across Dankaniya stand. Differences among stands could be most likely due to vegetation type, species composition, girth class of individual trees, temperature, rainfall pattern and altitude, as these variables have a profound effect on biomass (Pant and Tewari 2020). The biomass values evaluated in the present study are comparable to those reported by Adhikari et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1998\u003c/span\u003e) for cypress forests in the Nainital region of Central Himalayas, ranging from 239 to 433 Mg ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e. When compared with other coniferous species such as Pines, the biomass values of Cypress forests in present study were higher; however, they were lower than those observed for \u003cem\u003eCedrus deodara\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eAbies pindrow\u003c/em\u003e forests (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab7\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e). Our study indicates that the density of individual tree species affects total biomass and carbon storage.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe carbon stock trend paralleled that of biomass since carbon content is directly proportional to biomass. Our estimates of carbon stock values (106.2-206.4 Mg C ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e) are within the range given by Verma and Garkoti (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e), Lal and Lodhyal (2016), Joshi et al. (2021) for central Himalayan broad leaf forests. While, higher than Pine forests reported by Singh (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e), Gusain et al. (2015), Lal and Lodhyal (2016), Pant and Tiwari (2020), Bisht (2023), and lower than \u003cem\u003eCedrus\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eAbies\u003c/em\u003e forests (Sharma et al. 2013; Kumar et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e). The reported range of biomass carbon stock at a global scale varies widely across different regions and forest types. For example, in temperate rainforests of USA, it ranges from 506 to 627 Mg C ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e (Smithwick et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2002\u003c/span\u003e), while in Northeast China temperate and boreal forests, it ranges from 58.9 to 386.5 Mg C ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e (Wei et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e). In Panama, across tropical forests, the range is even broader, from 12.96 to 856.50 Mg C ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e (Ruiz-Jaen and Potvin, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e). These variations highlight the diverse carbon storage capacities of forests worldwide, influenced by factors such as climate, vegetation type, and land management practices (Singh and Verma \u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab7\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 7\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eComparisons of tree density, biomass and carbon stock of present and previous studies in the Central Himalayan forests.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eForests\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegion\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLocation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAltitude\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(m)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTree density\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(ind. ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiomass\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(Mg ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC-stock\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(Mg C ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eReference\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCypress forest\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"20\" rowspan=\"21\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndia\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNainital\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1684-2319.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e440\u0026ndash;955\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e223.51\u0026ndash;434.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e106.2-206.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePresent study\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOak forest\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlmora\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1790\u0026ndash;1930\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e390\u0026ndash;1500\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e145\u0026ndash;503\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68.29\u0026ndash;247.61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVerma and Garkoti(2019)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMixed oak forest\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNainital\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1500\u0026ndash;2100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e910\u0026ndash;1100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e481.05- 568.99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e228.5- 270.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLal\u0026nbsp;and Lodhyal\u0026nbsp;(2016)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOak forest\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNainital\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1750\u0026ndash;1950\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e652\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e230.12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e230.12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJoshi et al. 2021\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMixed-Oak Forest\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNainital\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2000\u0026ndash;2250\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e884\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e227.23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e107.94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePine forest\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNainital\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1600\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e300\u0026ndash;300\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e175.5\u0026ndash;245.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e83.36\u0026ndash;116.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSingh\u0026nbsp;(2019)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePine forest\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlmora\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1780\u0026ndash;2120\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1254\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e117.17\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10.81\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e55.66\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGusain et\u0026nbsp;al. (2015)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePine forest\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNainital\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1600\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1040\u0026ndash;1260\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e154\u0026ndash;301\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e73\u0026ndash;143\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLal\u0026nbsp;and Lodhyal\u0026nbsp;(2016)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePine forest\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNainital\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1750\u0026ndash;1850\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e390\u0026ndash;3050\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e97.87\u0026ndash;158.97\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46.48\u0026ndash;74.66\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePant and Tiwari (2020)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePine forest\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNainital\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1750\u0026ndash;1950\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e650\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e285.27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e135.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBisht 2023\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePine forest\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGarhwal Himalaya\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e250\u0026ndash;300\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e203.02-230.84\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eShiekh et al. 2012\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCypress forest\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNainital\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2100\u0026ndash;2325\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e270\u0026ndash;510\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e239\u0026ndash;433\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdhikari et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1998\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCypress forest\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNainital\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2120\u0026ndash;2325\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e460\u0026ndash;600\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e178\u0026ndash;431\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e89.07\u0026ndash;206\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRana et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHimalayan \u003cem\u003eCupressus torulosa\u003c/em\u003e Don.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJhandidhar, Garhwal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2100\u0026ndash;2500\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e810.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;82.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e336.56\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;62.80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e154.82\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;28.89\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSharma et al. 2013\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMoist \u003cem\u003eCedrus deodara\u003c/em\u003e Loud.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBinsar, Tarkeshwar, Garhwal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2200\u0026ndash;2500\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e447.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;36.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e533.28\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;39.61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e245.31\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;18.22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAbies pindrow\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDudhatoli, Garhwal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2600\u0026ndash;3100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e507.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;21.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e377.65\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;38.64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e173.72\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;17.77\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSiwalik \u003cem\u003ePinus roxburghii\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFatehpur, Dabrad, Deogaddi, Garhwal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e750\u0026ndash;1250\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e685.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;108.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e298.04\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;56.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e137.10\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;25.78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHimalayan \u003cem\u003ePinus roxburghii\u003c/em\u003e Sarg\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThalisain, Garhwal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1500\u0026ndash;1800\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e525.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;41.7(\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e159.36\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15.80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e73.30\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7.27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCedrus deodara\u003c/em\u003e pure stand (CDP)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChail, Solan\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2080\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e303.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;20.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e782.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;107.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e360\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;49.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKumar et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAbies pindrow\u003c/em\u003e dominated stand (APD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChurdhar, Sirmaur\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2965\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e546.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;90.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e700.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;334\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e322.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;154.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAbies spectabilis pure stand (ASP)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChurdhar, Sirmaur\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3235\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e370\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;72.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e515.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;29.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e249.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;18.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCypress forest\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNorthwest Patagonia\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e650\u0026ndash;1500\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e112.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e73.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLaclau 2002\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther, our study showed that biomass and carbon stock peaked at mid altitude followed by high altitude stands. However, our findings didn\u0026rsquo;t fully support the findings of few previous studies which reported that forest biomass and carbon stocks increase with increasing altitude in the Himalayan region. Most of the forest types studied in this study were mature, fully stocked, old growth forests and had C stocks on the higher end of the values recorded for the forests of the India and elsewhere in the world (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab7\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e), which infers that these forests have higher amount of C stock. The proportion of above and below ground biomass was observed 83% and 17%, correspondingly, which is consistent to the value reported for Indian forest i.e., 79% and 21% (Chhabra et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2002\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe tree carbon sequestration rates ranged between 2.42 to 4.87 Mg ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e yr\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e across the study sites. Singh et al. (1985) reported a range of carbon sequestration rate of 5\u0026ndash;9 Mg ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e yr\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e in better managed forests and 1.5 to 3 Mg ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e yr\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e in the medium-quality forests for Uttarakhand forests. When compared with coniferous forests across the world, the carbon sequestration range were within the reported range (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab8\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e). Stand wise, the Takula stand exhibited highest carbon sequestration rates, likely due to its high tree density and low basal area indicating the predominance of younger trees. Since younger trees grow rapidly, they absorb significant amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to fuel their growth, leading to higher rates of carbon sequestration (Terakunpisut et al. 2007). It can be concluded that the forest is not yet fully mature, but has the potential to continue sequestering carbon as these trees grow and mature further.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab8\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 8\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCarbon sequestration rate of different forest species in Himalaya and world forests.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eForest\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegion\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCarbon sequestration rate (Mg ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e yr\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCypress forest\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKumaun Himalaya, India\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.42\u0026ndash;4.87\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePresent study\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP. roxburghii\u003c/em\u003e forest\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1\u0026ndash;6.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePant and Tewari \u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP. roxburghii\u003c/em\u003e forest\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.2\u0026ndash;3.96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePant and Tewari 2020\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOak forests\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.64\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGosain et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePine forests\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.96\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCunninghamia lanceolata\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChina\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.15 to 4.20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eZhang et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2007\u003c/span\u003e),\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePinus massoniana\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.15 to 4.28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePinus banksiana\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003ePicea mariana\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCannada\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1\u0026ndash;3.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHunt et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eConiferous forests\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePakistan\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdnan et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCunninghamia lanceolata, Cryptomeria japonica, Taiwania cryptomerioides, Chamaecyparis formosensis\u003c/em\u003e (plantation forests)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTaiwan\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.79\u0026ndash;4.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYen et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTemperate forests\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePress et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2000\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBoreal forests\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the present study, carbon reserves in soils across cypress stands were higher (9\u0026ndash;57%) than those in the trees' biomass (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). Soil organic carbon is considered to be one of the largest carbon reservoirs of the terrestrial ecosystems and also plays an important role in the global carbon cycle (Dar and Sundarapandian 2013). The soil organic carbon stocks have been reported to increase with an increase in forest age (Zhu et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e), which was evident across high altitude Naina Peak stands, in our study. The soil carbon stock values in our study were higher than those reported in various studies by Chaturvedi and Melkania (2013), Gosain et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e), Dar and Sundarapandian (2013), Laclau (2000), Zhang et al. (2020), and Zhu et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e), across different coniferous stands worldwide (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab9\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e). However, they were lower than those reported for boreal forests by IPCC (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2007\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab9\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 9\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoil carbon stock of different forest type in Himalaya and world forests\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eForest\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eArea\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSOC (Mg ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCypress forest\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKumaun Himalaya\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e173.42\u0026ndash;398.80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePresent study\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMixed Oak Forest\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKumaun Himalaya\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.81 to 53.47\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChaturvedi and Melkania 2013\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMixed Pine Forest\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e110.37 to 125.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOak forests\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e171.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGosain et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePine forests\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e73.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePinus wallichiana\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eAbies pindrow\u003c/em\u003e forests\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWestern Kashmir Himalayas\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50.37 to 55.38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDar and Sundarapandian 2013\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBoreal forest\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e338.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIPCC \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2007\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCypress forest\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAndean range, Northwest Patagonia\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e109.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLaclau 2000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTemperate forest\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChina\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e93.7-220.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eZhang et al. 2020\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTemperate mix old growth forest\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62.7\u0026ndash;88.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eZhu et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn Himalayas, bioclimatic conditions change rapidly and may vary within short distances resulting in a pronounced heterogeneity of soil types and their chemical and physical properties (Bargali et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e). Our study highlighted highest levels of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) and potassium (K) across high altitude \u003cem\u003eC. torulosa\u003c/em\u003e stands as indicated by positive correlation between elevation and soil nutrient content. High altitude soils have more soil organic carbon and nitrogen because low temperature causes hyper aridity of soil and suppresses microbial and enzymatic activities which results in slight and slow soil organic matter mineralization and decomposition, thereby affecting the process of nutrient cycling (Charan et al. 2013). The decline in soil nutrient stocks with increasing depth could be attributed to the fact that decomposition of organic matter takes place in the uppermost layers of the soil (Hong, Gan and Chen 2019). In the present study, high C:N ratio at higher altitudes indicate higher availability of N in the forest floor material, whereas, lower ratio in low altitudes stands indicates faster nitrogen release to the soil (Kewlani et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRelationship between carbon storage in both above and below ground component and sequestration rate was negative with available nitrogen and phosphorous levels although observed differences were not significant in most cases. This negative relationship can indicate that nitrogen and phosphorus is being utilized by trees for growth, leading to a depletion in their levels in the soil. Supporting this several studies have shown soils with higher tree biomass tended to have lower available nitrogen and phosphorus levels (Alvarez-Clare et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e; Sun et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e; Hu et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eCypress stands with high tree density have the great potential to sequester more carbon. Carbon sequestration was higher in younger to older forests of Cupressus. The findings suggest that the Cypress stands are moderately effective in sequestering carbon, with potential for further improvement through appropriate management practices. Soil nutrient stocks appears to decrease with increasing depth while, increase with increasing altitude. Results in the present study indicate variation in biomass and carbon pool across Cypress stands. The carbon reserves in soils across cypress stands were higher than those in the trees biomass. This study highlights the importance of cypress forests, emphasizing not just their capacity for sequestering biomass carbon but particularly their substantial soil carbon reserves. Additionally, this study provides useful background for future research to assess the trend of carbon sequestration in Cypress stands.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003ch2\u003eFunding\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003edeclaration\u003c/b\u003e: R.K.C. thanks NSFC (Grant No. 31750110466).\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAuthor Contribution\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"D.U. , L.M.T., A.T., N.C.P., and R.K.C. wrote the main manuscript text and D.U. and A.T. prepared figures 1-3. All authors reviewed the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAcknowledgement\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe authors are thankful to the Forest Department of district Nainital, Uttarakhand for granting permission to conduct this study. The authors also acknowledge Head, Department of Botany, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital. RKC thanks the Central Laboratory, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Menglun, China.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eData Availability\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eData is provided within the manuscript\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAdhikari BS, Dhaila-Adhikari S, Rawat YS. Structure of Himalayan moist temperate cypress forest at and around Naini Tal, Kumaun Himalayas. Oecologia Montana. 1998 Dec 1;7(1-2):21-31.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAdhikari, B.S., Rawat, Y.S., Singh, S.P., 1995. Structure and function of high altitude forest of Central Himalaya I. dry matter dynamics. \u003cem\u003eAnnals of Botany\u003c/em\u003e,\u003cem\u003e \u003c/em\u003e75: 237-248. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAdnan, A., Nizami, S. M., Marwat, K. B., \u0026amp; Muhammad, J. (2015). Annual accumulation of carbon in coniferous forest of Dir Kohistan: An inventory based estimate. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 47, 115\u0026ndash;118.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAlvarez-Clare S, Mack MC, Brooks M. A direct test of nitrogen and phosphorus limitation to net primary productivity in a lowland tropical wet forest. Ecology. 2013 Jul;94(7):1540-51.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAsif M, Ajaz M, Dar ZM, Amjad M, Showket S, Malik MA, Samoon S, Shafi S, Rashid B. Field performance of Himalayan cypress (Cupressus torulosa) seedlings inoculated with selected species of microbial inoculants under temperate conditions of Kashmir. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2018;7(5):2932-6.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBargali, K., Manral, V., Padalia, K., Bargali, S. S., \u0026amp; Upadhyay, V. P. (2018). Effect of vegetation type and season on microbial biomass carbon in Central Himalayan forest soils, India. \u003cem\u003eCatena\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e171\u003c/em\u003e, 125-135.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBargali, S.S., Joshi, M., Bargali, K., 1992. Seasonal pattern of total soil respiration in age series of eucalypt plantation and mixed broad-leaved forest in Tarai belt of Kumaun Himalaya. \u003cem\u003eOecologia Montana, \u003c/em\u003e2: 7-11. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBehera SK, Sahu N, Mishra AK, Bargali SS, Behera MD, Tuli R. Aboveground biomass and carbon stock assessment in Indian tropical deciduous forest and relationship with stand structural attributes. Ecological Engineering. 2017 Feb 1;99:513-24.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBisht, S., Bargali, K., Bargali, S. S., Rawat, P. S., and Rawat, Y. S. (2022). Carbon Pool in Quercus lanuginosa (D. Don) Forest of Askot wildlife sanctuary, Western Himalaya in relation to stand attributes. Indian Forester 148, 709\u0026ndash;717. doi: 10.36808/if/2022/ v148i7/168610\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBrockerhoff EG, Barbaro L, Castagneyrol B, Forrester DI, Gardiner B, Gonz\u0026aacute;lez-Olabarria JR, Lyver PO, Meurisse N, Oxbrough A, Taki H, Thompson ID. Forest biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and the provision of ecosystem services. Biodiversity and Conservation. 2017 Dec;26:3005-35.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCairns, M.A., Meganck, R.A., 1994. Carbon sequestration, biological diversity and sustainable development: integrated forest management. \u003cem\u003eEnvironmental Management\u003c/em\u003e, 18: 13-22.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChhabra, A., Palria, S., \u0026amp; Dadhwal, V. K. (2002). Growing stock based forest biomass in Indian forests. \u003cem\u003eBiomass Bioenergy\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e22\u003c/em\u003e, 187-194.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGosain BG, Negi GC, Dhyani PP, Bargali SS, Saxena R. Ecosystem services of forests: Carbon Stock in vegetation and soil components in a watershed of Kumaun Himalaya, India. International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences. 2015 Dec 27;41(3-4):177-88.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHong, Gan \u0026amp; Chen (2019) Hong S, Gan P, Chen A. Environmental controls on soil pH in planted forest and its response to nitrogen deposition. \u003cem\u003eEnvironmental Research. \u003c/em\u003e2019;172:159\u0026ndash;165. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.02.020. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHu C, Lei JP, Wan JZ. The Relationships between Biomass and Soil Respiration across Different Forest Management Practices. Forests. 2024 Apr 17;15(4):712.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHunt, S. L., Gordon, A. M., \u0026amp; Morris, D. M. (2010). Carbon stocks in managed conifer forests in northern Ontario, Canada. Silva Fennica, 44(4), 563\u0026ndash;582. doi:10.14214/sf.128\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). 1996. Land use Change and Forestry. In: Revised 1996 IPCC guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIPCC, 2007. Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Geneva, Switzerland.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKewlani, P., Negi, V. S., Bhatt, I. D., Rawal, R. S., \u0026amp; Nandi, S. K. (2021). Soil nutrients concentration along altitudinal gradients in Indian Western Himalaya. \u003cem\u003eScandinavian Journal of Forest Research\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e36\u003c/em\u003e(2-3), 98-104.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKumar P, Kumar A, Patil M, Hussain S, Singh AN. Factors influencing tree biomass and carbon stock in the Western Himalayas, India. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change. 2024 Jan 9;6:1328694.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLaclau P. Biomass and carbon sequestration of ponderosa pine plantations and native cypress forests in northwest Patagonia. Forest ecology and management. 2003 Jul 17;180(1-3):317-33.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLaL, B., \u0026amp; Lodhiyal, L. S. (2016). stand structure, productivity and carbon sequestration potential of oak dominated forests in Kumaun Himalaya. \u003cem\u003eCurrent World Environment\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e11\u003c/em\u003e(2), 466.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMagnussen, S., Reed, D., 2004. Modelling for estimation and Monitoring. (Food and Agriculture Organization - International Union of Forest Research Organization (FAO-IUFRO).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMund, M.,Schulze, E. (2006). Impacts of forest management on the carbon budget of European Beech (Fagus sylvatica) forests\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePandey KK, Gupta G, Mishra VS, Maurya D (2017) Carbon sequestration potential of Kafal (Myrica esculenta): an indigenous, multipurpose and medicinal tree species in high hills of Western Himalaya. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci 6:852\u0026ndash;858\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePant, H., \u0026amp; Tewari, A. (2013). Carbon sequestration potential of chir pine (\u003cem\u003ePinus roxburghii\u003c/em\u003e Sarg.) Forest on two contrasting aspects in Kumaun Central Himalaya between 1650-1860 m elevation. \u003cem\u003eApplied Ecology and Environmental Sciences\u003c/em\u003e, 1(6), 110\u0026ndash;112. https://doi.org/10.12691/aees-1-6-2.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePress, M. C., N. J. Huntley, and S. Levin. 2000. Ecology: Achievements and Challenge. Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRana S, Bargali K, Bargali SS. Assessment of plant diversity, regeneration status, biomass and carbon stock in a Central Himalayan cypress forest. International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation. 2015;7(6):321-9.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRawat, Y.S., Singh, J.S., 1988. Structure and function of Oak forest in Central Himalaya. I. dry matter Dynamics. \u003cem\u003eAnnals of Botany\u003c/em\u003e, 62: 397-41.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRuiz-Jaen, M. C., and Potvin, C. (2011). Can we predict carbon stocks in tropical ecosystems from tree diversity? Comparing species and functional diversity in a plantation and a natural forest. \u003cem\u003eNew Phytol.\u003c/em\u003e 189, 978\u0026ndash;987. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03501.x\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSheikh MA, Tiwari A, Anjum J, Sharma S. Dynamics of carbon storage and status of standing vegetation in temperate coniferous forest ecosystem of north western Himalaya India. Vegetos. 2021 Dec;34(4):822-33.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSingh SH, Verma AK. Biomass and carbon stocks in different forest types of Western Himalaya. Trop Ecol. 2018 Dec 1;59(4):647-58.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSingh, N.; Tamta, K.; Tewari, A.; Ram, J. Studies on vegetational analysis and regeneration status of \u003cem\u003ePinus roxburghii \u003c/em\u003eRoxb. and \u003cem\u003eQuercus leucotrichophora \u003c/em\u003eforest of Nainital forest division. \u003cem\u003eGlob. J. Sci. Front. Res.\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2014\u003c/strong\u003e, \u003cem\u003e14\u003c/em\u003e, 40\u0026ndash;47. https://journalofscience.org/index.php/GJSFR/article/view/1144\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSingh, P. (2019). \u003cem\u003eClimate Change Response on Tree Phenology of Major Tree Species in the Central Himalaya\u003c/em\u003e (Doctoral dissertation, Ph. D. thesis, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSmithwick, E. A., Harmon, M. E., Remillard, S. M., Acker, S. A., and Franklin, J. F. (2002). Potential upper bounds of carbon stores in forests of the Pacific Northwest. \u003cem\u003eEcol. Appl\u003c/em\u003e 12, 1303\u0026ndash;1317.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSun H, Wu Y, Yu D, Zhou J (2013) Altitudinal Gradient of Microbial Biomass Phosphorus and Its Relationship with Microbial Biomass Carbon, Nitrogen, and Rhizosphere Soil Phosphorus on the Eastern Slope of Gongga Mountain, SW China. PLoS ONE 8(9): e72952. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0072952\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVerma, A. K., \u0026amp; Garkoti, S. C. (2019). Population structure, soil characteristics and carbon stock of the regenerating banj oak forests in Almora, Central Himalaya. \u003cem\u003eForest Science and Technology\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e15\u003c/em\u003e(3), 117-127.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWei, Y., Li, M., Chen, H., Lewis, B. J., Yu, D., Zhou, L., et al. (2013). Variation in carbon storage and its distribution by stand age and forest type in boreal and temperate forests in northeastern China. \u003cem\u003ePLoS One\u003c/em\u003e 8:e72201. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072201\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eYen TM, Huang KL, Li LE, Wang CH. Assessing carbon sequestration in plantation forests of important conifers based on the system of permanent sample plots across Taiwan. Journal of Sustainable Forestry. 2020 May 18;39(4):392-406.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZhang Q, Wang C. Carbon density and distribution of six Chinese temperate forests. Science China Life Sciences. 2010 Jul;53:831-40.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZhang, J., Ge, Y., Chang, J., Jiang, B., Jiang, H., Changhui, P., \u0026hellip; Shuquan, Y. (2007). Carbon storage by ecological service forests in Zhejiang Province, subtropical China. Forest Ecology and Management, 245, 64\u0026ndash;75. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2007.03.042\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZhu B, Wang X, Fang J, Piao S, Shen H, Zhao S, Peng C. Altitudinal changes in carbon storage of temperate forests on Mt Changbai, Northeast China. Journal of plant research. 2010 Jul;123:439-52.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Table","content":"\u003cp\u003eTable 6 is available in the Supplementary Files section\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Carbon stocks, Carbon sequestration potential, Himalayan Cypress, Biomass","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4635650/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4635650/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eForests play a substantial role in sequestering carbon and regulating the global carbon balance. Himalayan Cypress\u003cem\u003e \u003c/em\u003e(\u003cem\u003eCupressus torulosa\u003c/em\u003e D. Don) from an ecological and economic stand point is a least explored evergreen conifer of Central Himalaya that often forms either pure stands or sometimes association with other tree species. However, very little information is known about the carbon sequestration potential of these Cypress stands. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to quantify carbon stocks and carbon sequestration potential of six Cypress stands distributed along the altitudinal gradients of 1600–2500 m asl in Kumaon Central Himalaya. A total of 120 circular plots of 5.65 m radius were laid systematically in six Cypress stands with 20 sample plots in each. Soil physical and chemical properties were also assessed. Results revealed that total tree density and basal area in cypress stand ranged from 440–1050 individuals ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e and 30.84–60.79 m\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e, respectively. The total carbon stock ranged between 151–285 Mg C ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e, respectively. Carbon sequestration rate across stands fluctuated between 2.42 and 4.87 Mg C ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e yr\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e. Soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) and available potassium (K) levels were higher in high altitude stands. Soil organic carbon (SOC) stock (for soil depth 0-60 cm) ranged from 155.58–398.80 Mg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e.\u0026nbsp; Altitude and soil physico-chemical factors showed no significant (p\u0026gt;0.05) impact on carbon stocks of Cypress stands. Overall, the carbon reserves in the soil across stands were 9-57% higher than those in the trees' biomass. These estimates indicate that the value of cypress forests lies not only in their ability to sequester biomass carbon but primarily in their extensive soil carbon reserves. This study provides useful background for future research to assess the trend of carbon sequestration in Cypress stands.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Carbon Sequestration Potential of Himalayan Cypress Stands of Kumaun Central Himalaya, India","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-08-17 01:03:21","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4635650/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"8bf3e533-fe01-43c0-be4d-ae4baf15d8a5","owner":[],"postedDate":"August 17th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-09-13T12:12:48+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-08-17 01:03:21","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4635650","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4635650","identity":"rs-4635650","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}