Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of Self-Care Measurement of Diabetes Scale in Urdu

Abstract Objective: The Cross-sectional study was conducted to validate the Urdu version of the self-care measurement of diabetes scale at Mercy Teaching Hospital, Peshawar from January to March 2024 on 506 diabetic patients. Methods: The average age of the participants was 48.37 + 12.96 years. The majority were females (n=283, 55.9%), married (n=475, 93.9%) uneducated (n=362, 71.5%) unemployed (n=381, 75.3%), and lived in joint family systems (n=241, 47.6%) respectively. Results: The study found that 96.6% of patients were diabetic, with 58.5% managing the disease for under 10 years; 38.9% used both insulin and oral medications, while 38.1% used only tablets. Additionally, 71.7% of patients had no other medical comorbidities. The three bilingual experts used forward-backward translation methods to translate the Self-Care Measurement of Diabetes Scale from English to Urdu. The Urdu translation was administered to the patients to evaluate their confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis, construct validity, and Cronbach’s alpha reliability. Factorial validity indicated that the scale conforms to a five-factor model, with items showing significant inter-correlation (p < .01). Item-total correlation showed a significant correlation coefficient (p < .001) to find the construct validity. The Cronbach’s alpha reliability of the Urdu version was 0.704. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) demonstrated a goodness of fit model with a Comparative Fit Index (0.970) and a Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) of 0.088. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the Self-Care Measurement of Diabetes Scale, Urdu translation is a reliable scale with robust validity, suitable for assessing self-care in clinical settings.