The uterine natural killer cell, cytotoxic T lymphocyte, and granulysin levels are elevated in the endometrium of women with nonstructural abnormal uterine bleeding

Chidinma Iweha, Amanda Graham, Wei Cui, Courtney Marsh, Warren B. Nothnick
In: F&S Science · 2022 · vol. 3(3) , pp. 246–254 · doi:10.1016/j.xfss.2022.04.003 · PMID:35654738 · W4224242684
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Women with nonstructural abnormal uterine bleeding exhibit elevated endometrial levels of uterine natural killer cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and granulysin, which may influence matrix metalloproteinase expression.

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To examine the expression of uterine natural killer (uNK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in endometrial biopsies from reproductive-age women with and without nonstructural abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) and evaluate the expression of granulysin within these cell populations and potential modulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression. DESIGN: Experimental study, retrospective design. SETTING: Academic research laboratory. PATIENT(S): Patients with nonstructural AUB with no other gynecological pathologies and control patients without AUB. INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Immunohistochemical analysis of granulysin, CD56 (uNK cell marker), and CD8 (CTL marker) expression as well as granulysin messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels in endometrial biopsy samples. Assessment of granulysin regulation of human endometrial stromal cell MMP-1 and MMP-3 mRNA expression. RESULT(S): The numbers of uNK cells and CTLs were significantly greater in endometrial biopsy tissue from women with AUB than those from controls. In accord with the increased expression of uNK cells and CTLs, granulysin expression was significantly greater in endometrial biopsies from patients with AUB than in from controls and colocalized to both cell types but not endometrial stromal or epithelial cells. The increased granulysin protein expression was associated with the increased granulysin mRNA expression in adjacent serial sections from these same samples. The treatment of the human endometrial stromal cell line t-HESC with granulysin resulted in a significant increase in MMP-1 and MMP-3 mRNA expression. CONCLUSION(S): In the current study, immunohistochemistry showed an increased expression of uNK cells, CTLs, and granulysin among subjects with AUB compared with that of subjects without AUB, leading to conclusions that disturbances in the balance of immune cells and an increase in granulysin expression may have implications in the pathophysiology of AUB and include enhanced MMP-1 and MMP-3 expression.

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