A Quantitative Evaluation of Morphological Parameters of Adult Lateral Discoid Meniscus Injury with Magnetic Resonance Imaging

A Quantitative Evaluation of Morphological Parameters of Adult Lateral Discoid Meniscus Injury with Magnetic Resonance Imaging | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article A Quantitative Evaluation of Morphological Parameters of Adult Lateral Discoid Meniscus Injury with Magnetic Resonance Imaging Ume Habiba Umar, Nasma Wabasa This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8396941/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background As a person ages and their knee joint activity increases, varying degrees of meniscal damage often occur. Effective surgical treatment can significantly alleviate discomfort and improve functional outcomes, making early, accurate diagnosis crucial. Recent years have seen a surge in studies examining the role of MRI in diagnosing lateral discoid meniscus injuries, with many concluding that MRI is highly effective for early and precise injury detection. However, inconsistencies in research findings persist, and there is a notable gap in studies focusing on the changes in relevant parameters among these patients. Purpose The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of MRI in the diagnosis of adult lateral discoid meniscus injury and quantify changes in associated parameters. Material and Methods MRI was performed on 80 participants, using a 1.5 Tesla GE Signa HDxt scanner with standard T1, PD fat-suppressed, and T2-weighted sequences. A hybrid diagnostic approach was employed, combining blinded dual-reader analysis, standardized anatomical landmark mapping, and semi-automated DICOM segmentation for morphometric assessment. Key parameters included free edge height, body width, capsular edge height, and derived ratios. Results Group A showed significantly higher wedge and fat angle signs (p < 0.001). Morphological comparisons revealed that Group A had higher free edge height, body width, and capsular edge height, along with a higher free edge height/body height ratio (p < 0.001). Conclusion MRI imaging proves to be efficacious in diagnosing lateral discoid meniscus injuries in adults, exhibiting notable differences in related parameters compared to individuals without injury. Orthopedics Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging MRI imaging adults lateral discoid meniscus injury examination parameters Figures Figure 1 Introduction The lateral discoid meniscus injury is predominantly caused by congenital developmental anomalies but adults are also susceptible to it.[ 1 ] As patients age and their knee joint activity increases, varying degrees of meniscal damage often occur.[ 2 ] Effective surgical treatment can significantly alleviate discomfort and improve functional outcomes, making early, accurate diagnosis crucial.[ 3 ][ 4 ] Recent years have seen a surge in studies examining the role of MRI in diagnosing lateral discoid meniscus injuries, with many concluding that MRI is highly effective for early and precise injury detection.[ 5 ][ 6 ] However, inconsistencies in research findings persist, and there is a notable gap in studies focusing on the changes in relevant parameters among these patients. This study aims to investigate the application of MRI imaging in adults with lateral discoid meniscus injuries and to analyze the associated parameter changes, providing valuable insights for the selection of diagnostic methods and the formulation of treatment strategies for these injuries. The results of our study are detailed below. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in accordance with the STROBE guidelines and the Declaration of Helsinki, ensuring adherence to informed consent procedures. The present study aimed to investigate the clinical implications of MRI in diagnosing lateral discoid meniscus injuries of the knee in adults. After institutional and departmental ethical approval, 80 adults, irrespective of gender, presenting to the radiology department for an already suggested MRI, with and without lateral discoid meniscus injury of the knee joint, were selected. After written informed consent, demographic data were noted, and an MRI was performed, and consent for the usage of MRI findings for research purposes was also obtained from each research participant. Subjects were divided into 2 groups: group A with 40 adults, having grade IV lateral discoid meniscus injury, and group B with 40 adults, without lateral discoid meniscus injury. Figure 1 Selection criteria Adults aged 21–49 years and presenting to the radiology department for MRI knee. For group A, people with grade IV lateral discoid meniscus injury were selected, while for group B, subjects had no knee meniscus injury on MRI scan. The patients presenting for MRI scan and meniscus injury of grades I and II were excluded, along with patients having any other manifestation of knee injury or disease. Study protocol : MRI Acquisition Protocol: MRI examinations were performed using a 1.5 Tesla GE Signa HDxt scanner (GE Healthcare, USA) equipped with an 8-channel dedicated knee coil. The imaging protocol was designed to provide a comprehensive multiplanar evaluation of meniscal anatomy and pathology. The following sequences were used: Sagittal T1-weighted spin-echo (TR/TE: 500/15 ms) Sagittal and coronal proton density (PD) fat-suppressed sequences (TR/TE: 3000/30 ms) Axial T2-weighted fat-suppressed fast spin-echo (TR/TE: 4000/90 ms) Imaging parameters included matrix size 256×256, field of view (FOV) 160–180 mm, slice thickness 4 mm, and interslice gap 0.5 mm. These were optimized to ensure adequate spatial and contrast resolution, allowing detailed visualization of meniscal morphology, menisco-capsular attachments, and associated joint structures. Innovative Diagnostic Workflow To enhance diagnostic accuracy and reproducibility, an integrated hybrid diagnostic workflow was developed for this study Dual-reader analysis : Two board-certified musculoskeletal radiologists, blinded to clinical groupings, independently reviewed all MRIs. Inter-observer agreement was assessed using Cohen’s kappa statistics. Standardized Landmark Mapping : Meniscal measurements were made using a consistent anatomical approach. Mid-coronal and sagittal slices were used to locate the anterior and posterior horns, body width, and capsular junctions. Semi-automated DICOM Segmentation : To minimize human error, a novel application of RadiAnt DICOM Viewer (v5.5) with edge-detection tools was used to auto-trace meniscal contours. This semi-automated segmentation was cross-referenced with manual caliper measurements to enhance validity. Morphometric Indices : The following quantitative parameters were computed: Free edge height (mm) Body height (mm) Body width (mm) Capsular edge height (mm) Free edge height/body height ratio Capsular edge height/body height ratio Measurements were obtained using calibrated digital calipers within the PACS system and verified using the DICOM segmentation overlay. Data Analysis: Data was analyzed with the latest version of SPSS. Descriptive variables were expressed as mean ± SD or frequency percentages. For measuring the statistical difference chi-square test of association was applied, and a p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results The mean age of study participants of group A was 39 ± 7 years and group B, 37 ± 9 years. The majority of subjects were males, but equal distribution of gender was followed in both groups. (Table 1 ) Table 1 Demographic characteristics of study population (n = 40,40) Variable Group A (Mean ± SD /n (%)) Group B (Mean ± SD /n (%)) Age (years) 39 ± 7 37 ± 9 Weight (Kg) 62 ± 4.5 59 ± 6 Height (m) 1.59 ± 0.35 1.63 ± 0.43 BMI (kg/m 2 ) 23.25 ± 7 22.5 ± 4 Gender Males Females 22(55%) 18(45%) 22(55%) 18(45%) Knee involved. Right Left 24(60%) 16(40%) 24(60%) 16(40%) There was no significant difference in the rate of the plate sign between both groups (p > 0.05). Group A exhibited a significantly lower rate of the wedge sign and a significantly higher rate of the fat angle sign compared to Group D (p < 0.05). Table 2 Table 2 Comparison of morphological features of normal and lateral discoid meniscus injury groups. variable Group A (n = 40) Group B (n = 40) χ 2 / p Wedge sign 4(10.00) 29(72.50) 32 /<0.001* Plate sign 10(25.00) 11(27.50) 0.06 /0.798 Fat angle sign 26(65.00) 0(0.00) 39 / 0.05), but the free edge height and body width in Group A was significantly higher than group B.(p < 0.05) Capsular edge height was significantly lower in group A compared to group B with p value of < 0.05. (Table 2 ) When morphological features were expressed as relative morphological features, free edge height/body height ratio in group A was significantly higher than group B, and the joint capsule edge height/body height ratio was significantly lower in group A compared to group B. (p < 0.05). Table 3 . Table 3 Group comparison of morphological and relative morphological features. (n = 40, 40) Variable Group A(mean ± SD) Group B(Mean ± SD) p value Free edge height 5.39 ± 0.71 1.69 ± 0.30 <0.001* Body height 2.46 ± 0.36 25.2 ± 2.63 0.355 Body width 31.1 ± 3.16 2.39 ± 0.31 <0.001* Capsular edge height 4.09 ± 0.33 5.11 ± 0.59 <0.001* Free edge height/body height 2.19 ± 0.29 0.71 ± 0.16 < 0.001* capsule edge height/body height 1.66 ± 0.25 2.13 ± 0.30 <0.001* * p-value was significant at the level of 0.001. Discussion Lateral discoid meniscus is relatively common in clinical practice, with many adult patients susceptible to injury due to increased knee joint activity and increasing age. This highlights the significant need for prompt diagnosis and management of lateral discoid meniscus injury.[ 7 ],[ 8 ] Medical imaging, particularly MRI, plays a crucial role in diagnosis of soft tissue injuries.[ 9 ] However, comprehensive studies specifically addressing lateral discoid meniscus injuries in adults remain scarce. Issues such as differences in morphological diagnoses and insufficient studies on the correlation between MRI findings and the severity of damage are notable gaps.[ 10 ],[ 11 ] The results of this study indicate no significant difference in the plate sign rate and body height between adult patients with lateral discoid meniscus injuries and without such injuries (P > 0.05). The wedge sign was significantly lower, the fat angle sign rate is significantly higher in subjects with lateral discoid meniscus injury than subjects with no discoid injury. (p < 0.005) Subjects with discoid meniscus injury showed significantly increased values for free edge height, body width, and free edge height/body height, whereas the joint capsule edge height and joint capsule edge height/body height were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Therefore, MRI is highly effective in detecting lateral discoid meniscus injuries in adults and is valuable for identifying morphological changes caused by these injuries, although it does not significantly differentiate the degree of injury. Our results correspond to the previous researches that morphological differences exist between injured and uninjured lateral discoid menisci in adults, the difference from this study was inclusion of pediatric group while our study included adult population.[ 12 ] Our findings of wedge sign rate and a higher fat angle are consistent with findings of Tyler, that the wedge sign is less frequently observed in patients with meniscal injuries, while the fat angle sign tends to be more prominent, compared to subjects with normal knee discoid meniscus.[ 13 ] Another study confirmed that MRI provides a detailed view of meniscal morphology and is superior in identifying subtle changes associated with meniscal injuries, which supports our observation of MRI's capability to display subtle parameter changes.[ 14 ] This reinforces the diagnostic relevance of these morphological signs in MRI evaluations of meniscal damage. However, there are some inconsistencies in the literature regarding the diagnostic value of MRI. While our study found no significant difference in the plate sign rate and body height among the groups, a study reported that certain morphological signs, including the plate sign, varied significantly between injured and non-injured menisci in their study population.[ 1 ] These discrepancies could be attributed to differences in study design, patient demographics, and the criteria used for morphological assessment. In conclusion, the effectiveness of MRI can be attributed to its advantages of multi-directional imaging and high soft tissue resolution, which provide detailed views of the structure, shape, and internal state of the lateral discoid meniscus. This imaging technique also better displays subtle parameter changes post-injury, aiding in diagnosis and offering a reference for treatment. Traditional MRI criteria for meniscal signal abnormalities are less valuable for diagnosing the relatively unique lateral discoid meniscus injuries. Accurate diagnosis often requires a clear third-level signal for significant detection. MRI imaging is highly effective for diagnosing lateral discoid meniscus injuries in adults, as it reveals significant differences in related parameters compared to those without injuries, proving its diagnostic value. References Saavedra M, Sepúlveda M, Jesús Tuca M et al (2020) Discoid meniscus: current concepts. EFORT Open Rev 5:371–379 Ai L-Y, Du M-Z, Chen Y-R (2022) Integrated Analysis of lncRNA and mRNA Expression Profiles Indicates Age-Related Changes in Meniscus. Front Cell Dev Biol 10:844555 Steinbacher G, Alentorn-Geli E, Alvarado-Calderón M et al (2019) Meniscal fixation is a successful treatment for hypermobile lateral meniscus in soccer players. Knee Surgery, Sport Traumatol Arthrosc., ;27:354–360 Carter C, Yu S (2020) Understanding and Treating the Discoid Meniscus. Manag. Meniscal Pathol. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 113–127 Kim J-H, Ahn JH, Kim J-H (2020) Discoid lateral meniscus: importance, diagnosis, and treatment. J Exp Orthop 7:81 Jung EY, Jeong S, Kim S-K et al (2020) A Useful MRI Classification for Symptomatic Discoid Lateral Meniscus. Knee Surg Relat Res 33:31 Kato T, Kaneda K, Harato K et al (2023) Bilateral Medial and Lateral Discoid Menisci: A Case Report. J Orthop Case Rep 13:54–58 Zheng Z-R, Ma H, Yang F et al (2022) Discoid medial meniscus of both knees: A case report. World J Clin Cases 10:9020–9027 Sajid M, Uppal M, Bajwa Z et al Diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for meniscal knee injuries taking arthroscopy as the gold standard. Biol clin sci res j 2023:325 Kim SH, Bae C, Il, Kim K-I et al (2019) Factors associated with bilateral discoid lateral meniscus tear in patients with symptomatic discoid lateral meniscus tear using MRI and X-ray. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 105:1389–1394 Everhart JS, Tysklind RG, Commentary E (2021) The Pediatric Knee: Ultrasound Could Replace Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Evaluating a Discoid Lateral Meniscus. Arthrosc J Arthrosc Relat Surg 37:891–892 Beck J, Wood A, Bennet A et al (2022) Magnetic Resonance Image (Mri) Measurements of Lateral Discoid Meniscus (Ldm) in Pediatric Patients Match Adult Lateral Discoid Meniscus Definitions. Orthop J Sport Med 10:2325967121S0049 Tyler PA, Jain V, Ashraf T et al (2022) Update on imaging of the discoid meniscus. Skeletal Radiol 51:935–956 Wang B, Wang L, Wang Y et al (2021) Clinical Diagnostic Value of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Knee Joint Sports Injury. J Med Imaging Heal Inf 11:453–461 Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8396941","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":562481794,"identity":"d3318f5e-fd58-4696-82fd-86c904b639bf","order_by":0,"name":"Ume Habiba Umar","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"THQ hospital Gujar Khan","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ume","middleName":"Habiba","lastName":"Umar","suffix":""},{"id":562481796,"identity":"8ba67a7f-0564-4c25-8536-b9633fdf6698","order_by":1,"name":"Nasma 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injury.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"placeholderimage.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8396941/v1/75c668f4863fc62c0da1d91b.png"},{"id":99323448,"identity":"22220d27-e9b2-409d-b65e-efc5f9042992","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-31 16:45:25","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":416707,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8396941/v1/1f6e31bc-6b0d-4deb-a52e-0d81199123b3.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eA Quantitative Evaluation of Morphological Parameters of Adult Lateral Discoid Meniscus Injury with Magnetic Resonance Imaging\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe lateral discoid meniscus injury is predominantly caused by congenital developmental anomalies but adults are also susceptible to it.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e] As patients age and their knee joint activity increases, varying degrees of meniscal damage often occur.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e] Effective surgical treatment can significantly alleviate discomfort and improve functional outcomes, making early, accurate diagnosis crucial.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e][\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e] Recent years have seen a surge in studies examining the role of MRI in diagnosing lateral discoid meniscus injuries, with many concluding that MRI is highly effective for early and precise injury detection.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e][\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e] However, inconsistencies in research findings persist, and there is a notable gap in studies focusing on the changes in relevant parameters among these patients. This study aims to investigate the application of MRI imaging in adults with lateral discoid meniscus injuries and to analyze the associated parameter changes, providing valuable insights for the selection of diagnostic methods and the formulation of treatment strategies for these injuries. The results of our study are detailed below.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Materials and Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003e This cross-sectional study was conducted in accordance with the STROBE guidelines and the Declaration of Helsinki, ensuring adherence to informed consent procedures. The present study aimed to investigate the clinical implications of MRI in diagnosing lateral discoid meniscus injuries of the knee in adults. After institutional and departmental ethical approval, 80 adults, irrespective of gender, presenting to the radiology department for an already suggested MRI, with and without lateral discoid meniscus injury of the knee joint, were selected. After written informed consent, demographic data were noted, and an MRI was performed, and consent for the usage of MRI findings for research purposes was also obtained from each research participant. Subjects were divided into 2 groups: group A with 40 adults, having grade IV lateral discoid meniscus injury, and group B with 40 adults, without lateral discoid meniscus injury. Figure\u0026nbsp;1\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eSelection criteria\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdults aged 21\u0026ndash;49 years and presenting to the radiology department for MRI knee. For group A, people with grade IV lateral discoid meniscus injury were selected, while for group B, subjects had no knee meniscus injury on MRI scan. The patients presenting for MRI scan and meniscus injury of grades I and II were excluded, along with patients having any other manifestation of knee injury or disease.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eStudy protocol\u003c/em\u003e: MRI Acquisition Protocol: MRI examinations were performed using a 1.5 Tesla GE Signa HDxt scanner (GE Healthcare, USA) equipped with an 8-channel dedicated knee coil. The imaging protocol was designed to provide a comprehensive multiplanar evaluation of meniscal anatomy and pathology. The following sequences were used:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eSagittal T1-weighted spin-echo (TR/TE: 500/15 ms)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eSagittal and coronal proton density (PD) fat-suppressed sequences (TR/TE: 3000/30 ms)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eAxial T2-weighted fat-suppressed fast spin-echo (TR/TE: 4000/90 ms)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/ul\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImaging parameters included matrix size 256\u0026times;256, field of view (FOV) 160\u0026ndash;180 mm, slice thickness 4 mm, and interslice gap 0.5 mm. These were optimized to ensure adequate spatial and contrast resolution, allowing detailed visualization of meniscal morphology, menisco-capsular attachments, and associated joint structures.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eInnovative Diagnostic Workflow\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo enhance diagnostic accuracy and reproducibility, an integrated hybrid diagnostic workflow was developed for this study\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003col\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDual-reader analysis\u003c/em\u003e: Two board-certified musculoskeletal radiologists, blinded to clinical groupings, independently reviewed all MRIs. Inter-observer agreement was assessed using Cohen\u0026rsquo;s kappa statistics.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eStandardized Landmark Mapping\u003c/em\u003e: Meniscal measurements were made using a consistent anatomical approach. Mid-coronal and sagittal slices were used to locate the anterior and posterior horns, body width, and capsular junctions.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSemi-automated DICOM Segmentation\u003c/em\u003e: To minimize human error, a novel application of RadiAnt DICOM Viewer (v5.5) with edge-detection tools was used to auto-trace meniscal contours. This semi-automated segmentation was cross-referenced with manual caliper measurements to enhance validity.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMorphometric Indices\u003c/em\u003e: The following quantitative parameters were computed:\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eFree edge height (mm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eBody height (mm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eBody width (mm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eCapsular edge height (mm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eFree edge height/body height ratio\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eCapsular edge height/body height ratio\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/ul\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeasurements were obtained using calibrated digital calipers within the PACS system and verified using the DICOM segmentation overlay.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eData Analysis:\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eData was analyzed with the latest version of SPSS. Descriptive variables were expressed as mean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD or frequency percentages. For measuring the statistical difference chi-square test of association was applied, and a p-value of \u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05 was considered significant.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe mean age of study participants of group A was 39\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7 years and group B, 37\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9 years. The majority of subjects were males, but equal distribution of gender was followed in both groups. (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDemographic characteristics of study population (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;40,40)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariable\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGroup A (Mean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD /n (%))\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGroup B (Mean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD /n (%))\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAge (years)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e37\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWeight (Kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e59\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeight (m)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.59\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.35\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.63\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBMI (kg/m\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.25\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGender\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMales\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemales\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22(55%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18(45%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22(55%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18(45%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKnee involved.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRight\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeft\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24(60%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16(40%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24(60%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16(40%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThere was no significant difference in the rate of the plate sign between both groups (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). Group A exhibited a significantly lower rate of the wedge sign and a significantly higher rate of the fat angle sign compared to Group D (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eComparison of morphological features of normal and lateral discoid meniscus injury groups.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003evariable\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGroup A (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;40)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGroup B (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;40)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eχ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e / p\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWedge sign\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4(10.00)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29(72.50)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32 /\u0026lt;0.001*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlate sign\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10(25.00)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11(27.50)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.06 /0.798\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFat angle sign\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26(65.00)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39 /\u0026lt;0.001*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"4\"\u003e*p value was significant at level of 0.001.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThere was no significant difference in body height between group A and B(p\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05), but the free edge height and body width in Group A was significantly higher than group B.(p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05) Capsular edge height was significantly lower in group A compared to group B with p value of \u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05. (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhen morphological features were expressed as relative morphological features, free edge height/body height ratio in group A was significantly higher than group B, and the joint capsule edge height/body height ratio was significantly lower in group A compared to group B. (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGroup comparison of morphological and relative morphological features. (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;40, 40)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariable\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGroup A(mean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGroup B(Mean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFree edge height\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.39\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.71\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.69\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBody height\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.46\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.355\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBody width\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.39\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCapsular edge height\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.09\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.11\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFree edge height/body height\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.19\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.71\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ecapsule edge height/body height\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.66\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.13\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e*\u003c/b\u003ep-value was significant at the level of 0.001.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eLateral discoid meniscus is relatively common in clinical practice, with many adult patients susceptible to injury due to increased knee joint activity and increasing age. This highlights the significant need for prompt diagnosis and management of lateral discoid meniscus injury.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e],[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e] Medical imaging, particularly MRI, plays a crucial role in diagnosis of soft tissue injuries.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e] However, comprehensive studies specifically addressing lateral discoid meniscus injuries in adults remain scarce. Issues such as differences in morphological diagnoses and insufficient studies on the correlation between MRI findings and the severity of damage are notable gaps.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e],[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe results of this study indicate no significant difference in the plate sign rate and body height between adult patients with lateral discoid meniscus injuries and without such injuries (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). The wedge sign was significantly lower, the fat angle sign rate is significantly higher in subjects with lateral discoid meniscus injury than subjects with no discoid injury. (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.005) Subjects with discoid meniscus injury showed significantly increased values for free edge height, body width, and free edge height/body height, whereas the joint capsule edge height and joint capsule edge height/body height were significantly decreased (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). Therefore, MRI is highly effective in detecting lateral discoid meniscus injuries in adults and is valuable for identifying morphological changes caused by these injuries, although it does not significantly differentiate the degree of injury.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOur results correspond to the previous researches that morphological differences exist between injured and uninjured lateral discoid menisci in adults, the difference from this study was inclusion of pediatric group while our study included adult population.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e] Our findings of wedge sign rate and a higher fat angle are consistent with findings of Tyler, that the wedge sign is less frequently observed in patients with meniscal injuries, while the fat angle sign tends to be more prominent, compared to subjects with normal knee discoid meniscus.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnother study confirmed that MRI provides a detailed view of meniscal morphology and is superior in identifying subtle changes associated with meniscal injuries, which supports our observation of MRI's capability to display subtle parameter changes.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e] This reinforces the diagnostic relevance of these morphological signs in MRI evaluations of meniscal damage. However, there are some inconsistencies in the literature regarding the diagnostic value of MRI. While our study found no significant difference in the plate sign rate and body height among the groups, a study reported that certain morphological signs, including the plate sign, varied significantly between injured and non-injured menisci in their study population.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e] These discrepancies could be attributed to differences in study design, patient demographics, and the criteria used for morphological assessment.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn conclusion, the effectiveness of MRI can be attributed to its advantages of multi-directional imaging and high soft tissue resolution, which provide detailed views of the structure, shape, and internal state of the lateral discoid meniscus. This imaging technique also better displays subtle parameter changes post-injury, aiding in diagnosis and offering a reference for treatment. Traditional MRI criteria for meniscal signal abnormalities are less valuable for diagnosing the relatively unique lateral discoid meniscus injuries. Accurate diagnosis often requires a clear third-level signal for significant detection. MRI imaging is highly effective for diagnosing lateral discoid meniscus injuries in adults, as it reveals significant differences in related parameters compared to those without injuries, proving its diagnostic value.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSaavedra M, Sep\u0026uacute;lveda M, Jes\u0026uacute;s Tuca M et al (2020) Discoid meniscus: current concepts. EFORT Open Rev 5:371\u0026ndash;379\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAi L-Y, Du M-Z, Chen Y-R (2022) Integrated Analysis of lncRNA and mRNA Expression Profiles Indicates Age-Related Changes in Meniscus. Front Cell Dev Biol 10:844555\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSteinbacher G, Alentorn-Geli E, Alvarado-Calder\u0026oacute;n M et al (2019) Meniscal fixation is a successful treatment for hypermobile lateral meniscus in soccer players. Knee Surgery, Sport Traumatol Arthrosc., ;27:354\u0026ndash;360\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCarter C, Yu S (2020) Understanding and Treating the Discoid Meniscus. Manag. Meniscal Pathol. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 113\u0026ndash;127\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKim J-H, Ahn JH, Kim J-H (2020) Discoid lateral meniscus: importance, diagnosis, and treatment. J Exp Orthop 7:81\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eJung EY, Jeong S, Kim S-K et al (2020) A Useful MRI Classification for Symptomatic Discoid Lateral Meniscus. Knee Surg Relat Res 33:31\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKato T, Kaneda K, Harato K et al (2023) Bilateral Medial and Lateral Discoid Menisci: A Case Report. J Orthop Case Rep 13:54\u0026ndash;58\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eZheng Z-R, Ma H, Yang F et al (2022) Discoid medial meniscus of both knees: A case report. World J Clin Cases 10:9020\u0026ndash;9027\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSajid M, Uppal M, Bajwa Z et al Diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for meniscal knee injuries taking arthroscopy as the gold standard. Biol clin sci res j 2023:325\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKim SH, Bae C, Il, Kim K-I et al (2019) Factors associated with bilateral discoid lateral meniscus tear in patients with symptomatic discoid lateral meniscus tear using MRI and X-ray. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 105:1389\u0026ndash;1394\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eEverhart JS, Tysklind RG, Commentary E (2021) The Pediatric Knee: Ultrasound Could Replace Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Evaluating a Discoid Lateral Meniscus. Arthrosc J Arthrosc Relat Surg 37:891\u0026ndash;892\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBeck J, Wood A, Bennet A et al (2022) Magnetic Resonance Image (Mri) Measurements of Lateral Discoid Meniscus (Ldm) in Pediatric Patients Match Adult Lateral Discoid Meniscus Definitions. Orthop J Sport Med 10:2325967121S0049\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTyler PA, Jain V, Ashraf T et al (2022) Update on imaging of the discoid meniscus. Skeletal Radiol 51:935\u0026ndash;956\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWang B, Wang L, Wang Y et al (2021) Clinical Diagnostic Value of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Knee Joint Sports Injury. J Med Imaging Heal Inf 11:453\u0026ndash;461\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"Bahawal Victoria Hospital","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"MRI imaging, adults, lateral discoid meniscus injury, examination parameters","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8396941/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8396941/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBackground\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs a person ages and their knee joint activity increases, varying degrees of meniscal damage often occur. Effective surgical treatment can significantly alleviate discomfort and improve functional outcomes, making early, accurate diagnosis crucial. Recent years have seen a surge in studies examining the role of MRI in diagnosing lateral discoid meniscus injuries, with many concluding that MRI is highly effective for early and precise injury detection. However, inconsistencies in research findings persist, and there is a notable gap in studies focusing on the changes in relevant parameters among these patients.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePurpose\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of MRI in the diagnosis of adult lateral discoid meniscus injury and quantify changes in associated parameters.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMaterial and Methods\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMRI was performed on 80 participants, using a 1.5 Tesla GE Signa HDxt scanner with standard T1, PD fat-suppressed, and T2-weighted sequences. A hybrid diagnostic approach was employed, combining blinded dual-reader analysis, standardized anatomical landmark mapping, and semi-automated DICOM segmentation for morphometric assessment. Key parameters included free edge height, body width, capsular edge height, and derived ratios.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eResults\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGroup A showed significantly higher wedge and fat angle signs (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). Morphological comparisons revealed that Group A had higher free edge height, body width, and capsular edge height, along with a higher free edge height/body height ratio (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eConclusion\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMRI imaging proves to be efficacious in diagnosing lateral discoid meniscus injuries in adults, exhibiting notable differences in related parameters compared to individuals without injury.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"A Quantitative Evaluation of Morphological Parameters of Adult Lateral Discoid Meniscus Injury with Magnetic Resonance Imaging","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-12-30 00:16:28","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8396941/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"45b503a9-ce19-4ae5-b1ab-bf73dccdd230","owner":[],"postedDate":"December 30th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":59900401,"name":"Orthopedics"},{"id":59900402,"name":"Nuclear Medicine \u0026 Medical Imaging"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-12-30T00:16:28+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-12-30 00:16:28","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8396941","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8396941","identity":"rs-8396941","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}