Method of Quality Control of Tightness of Nuclear Power Unit Elements

Nuclear energy is a crucial component in decarbonizing the economy, serving as a low carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission energy source. In this context, nuclear safety remains a critical issue, especially in relation to the operation of nuclear power plants. The article presents a new fractal-cluster method for controlling the tightness of the fuel element shell, which is important for nuclear safety. The method provides high-quality control of defects on the inner and outer surfaces of the shell without removing elements from the fuel assembly and from the nuclear reactor. This makes it possible to promptly detect damage that could threaten the containment integrity and safety of nuclear power plants. Studies have shown that the fractal dimension varies from 2.1 to 2.5, which indicates significant surface heterogeneity caused by mechanical damage or corrosion processes. The proposed method allows not only to detect defects but also to assess their impact on the integrity of the vessel. Real-time data integration with leakage control systems ensures timely threat responses. This approach enhances fuel shell leakage control, contributing to improved nuclear safety and reduced operational risks.