S-band Antenna Angles Data Calibration using Spacecraft Tracking

S-band Antenna Angles Data Calibration using Spacecraft Tracking | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article S-band Antenna Angles Data Calibration using Spacecraft Tracking Vineet Srivastava, PD Mishra This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8931354/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 8 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Ground station’s antenna look angles (azimuth and elevation) is a crucial input for the precise tracking of satellite and launch vehicle during the launch. Antenna’s angle data calibration is an important activity where Telemetry Tracking & Commanding (TTC) stations antenna error coefficients are estimated and used for precise targeting of the space objects. The calibrated coefficients are also used for the initial orbit determination using range and angles data immediately after the launch to enhance the orbit determination accuracy. In this paper, we describe the angles data calibration computational process which is carried out periodically for ISTRAC S-band ground station antenna. The in-house developed satellite precise orbit propagator (SPOP) is incorporated for the precise ephemeris generation in the angles data calibration process to compute the predicted look angles corresponding to the measured one tracked through the auto mode tracking. The developed angles data calibration package estimates the antenna error coefficients and azimuth and elevation mean errors using linear least squares in the batch processing mode. The error coefficients are estimated making use of Indian Remote Sensing (IRS)-LEO satellite auto tracking and its operational orbit determination. Systematic errors of each ground station antenna are estimated by conducting tracking campaigns designed to collect data spread evenly in the azimuth-elevation domain. Auto tracking IRS-LEO Angles data SPOP Calibration Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviewers agreed at journal 11 May, 2026 Reviews received at journal 29 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 31 Mar, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 20 Mar, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 09 Mar, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 06 Mar, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 06 Mar, 2026 First submitted to journal 21 Feb, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8931354","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":606718305,"identity":"a526c1d2-0c7a-4f62-82fa-c31c44c53721","order_by":0,"name":"Vineet Srivastava","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA6UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACZijNxszYwMBQARJhbiBCSwJYS2MDwxmQCCMBLQxQLUDA2MDYBqHxKjY4znvwwccfdfl87Mztj27Oq43mbwdq+VGxDbeWw3zJhjMSDlu2AR3WnLvteO6Mw0Dbes7cxqlFspnHTJon4YABG0TLsdwGoBZmxja8Wsx//0mog2qZcyx3PiEt/Mw8ZswMCcxQLQ01uRuI0GIs2ZN2GKxlds6xA7kbgVoO4vMLG/8Zww8/bOoM5PuPP/icU1OXO+/84YMPflTg1oIODoPJA0SrB4I6UhSPglEwCkbBCAEAi9JUkccZ1uEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Indian Space Research Organisation","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Vineet","middleName":"","lastName":"Srivastava","suffix":""},{"id":606718306,"identity":"20575d85-8165-4590-8eec-e0ee2dbeecd4","order_by":1,"name":"PD Mishra","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Indian Space Research Organisation","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"PD","middleName":"","lastName":"Mishra","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-02-21 07:09:14","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8931354/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8931354/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":104783179,"identity":"f5498ba4-3ff0-4de8-ad96-8df1a5ee193a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-17 07:58:20","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1020874,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ManuscriptFreshSubmission.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8931354/v1_covered_e8b3ef27-2fba-40a8-b575-25a99559755c.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"S-band Antenna Angles Data Calibration using Spacecraft Tracking ","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"aerotecnica-missili-and-spazio","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"atms","sideBox":"Learn more about [Aerotecnica Missili \u0026 Spazio](http://link.springer.com/journal/42496)","snPcode":"42496","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/42496/3","title":"Aerotecnica Missili \u0026 Spazio","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Auto tracking, IRS-LEO, Angles data, SPOP, Calibration","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8931354/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8931354/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eGround station\u0026rsquo;s antenna look angles (azimuth and elevation) is a crucial input for the precise tracking of satellite and launch vehicle during the launch. Antenna\u0026rsquo;s angle data calibration is an important activity where Telemetry Tracking \u0026amp; Commanding (TTC) stations antenna error coefficients are estimated and used for precise targeting of the space objects. The calibrated coefficients are also used for the initial orbit determination using range and angles data immediately after the launch to enhance the orbit determination accuracy. In this paper, we describe the angles data calibration computational process which is carried out periodically for ISTRAC S-band ground station antenna. The in-house developed satellite precise orbit propagator (SPOP) is incorporated for the precise ephemeris generation in the angles data calibration process to compute the predicted look angles corresponding to the measured one tracked through the auto mode tracking. The developed angles data calibration package estimates the antenna error coefficients and azimuth and elevation mean errors using linear least squares in the batch processing mode. The error coefficients are estimated making use of Indian Remote Sensing (IRS)-LEO satellite auto tracking and its operational orbit determination. Systematic errors of each ground station antenna are estimated by conducting tracking campaigns designed to collect data spread evenly in the azimuth-elevation domain.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"S-band Antenna Angles Data Calibration using Spacecraft Tracking","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-03-16 22:04:31","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8931354/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"312638672043802504708617561096382381595","date":"2026-05-11T15:28:29+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-04-29T22:52:13+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"336471985450218623865246590917544291905","date":"2026-03-31T16:13:18+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"16136139266527929474859795688020937189","date":"2026-03-20T16:57:17+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2026-03-09T09:08:38+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2026-03-06T16:53:12+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2026-03-06T13:29:51+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Aerotecnica Missili \u0026 Spazio","date":"2026-02-21T06:59:11+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"aerotecnica-missili-and-spazio","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"atms","sideBox":"Learn more about [Aerotecnica Missili \u0026 Spazio](http://link.springer.com/journal/42496)","snPcode":"42496","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/42496/3","title":"Aerotecnica Missili \u0026 Spazio","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"e9ef2d2b-b6a4-41fe-a548-b5ce7c04714e","owner":[],"postedDate":"March 16th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"312638672043802504708617561096382381595","date":"2026-05-11T15:28:29+00:00","index":61,"fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-04-29T22:52:13+00:00","index":58,"fulltext":""}],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-03-16T22:04:31+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-03-16 22:04:31","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8931354","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8931354","identity":"rs-8931354","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}