Echography analysis of musculoskeletal, heart and liver alterations associated with endothelial dysfunction in obese rats

Abstract Background: Modern imaging plays a central role in the care of obese patients, and there is an integral focus on its use and accessibility in individuals who have alterations of various in various organs. The objective in this study was to perform an echographic analysis of musculoskeletal system disorders, endothelial dysfunction and the left ventricle (LV) in obese rats. Methods: Sprague Dawley rats (250±5g) were obtained and divided into two groups: the control (C) group was fed with a standard diet, and the obese (Ob) group was fed hyper caloric diet with a high fructose-fat content for 4 months. Body weight, cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1) were measured. Additionally, two-dimensional echocardiography, abdominal ultrasound and musculoskeletal system studies were performed in the lower extremities. Results: The body weight in the Ob group was increased compared to that in the control group, (p<0.001); in addition, increased glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations (p<0.05) as well as increased levels of the adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and, VCAM-1 (p<0.01) were found in the Ob group vs the C group. On ultrasound, 75% of the Ob group presented fatty liver and distal joint abnormalities. Conclusion: Obese rats exhibit endothelial dysfunction and musculoskeletal changes, also, fatty liver and articular cysts in the posterior region of the distal lower- extremity joints.