Assessment of Toxicity, Health Risks, and Environmental Impact of Trace Metals in River Sediments of the Middle Black Sea Region (Samsun, Turkey): Bioaccumulation Potential in the Freshwater Amphipod Hyallella azteca

Assessment of Toxicity, Health Risks, and Environmental Impact of Trace Metals in River Sediments of the Middle Black Sea Region (Samsun, Turkey): Bioaccumulation Potential in the Freshwater Amphipod Hyallella azteca | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Assessment of Toxicity, Health Risks, and Environmental Impact of Trace Metals in River Sediments of the Middle Black Sea Region (Samsun, Turkey): Bioaccumulation Potential in the Freshwater Amphipod Hyallella azteca Arife ŞIMŞEK This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5875715/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The present work studied the sources, concentrations, distributions, and possible ecotoxicological risks of trace metals (TMs) in surface sediments of the Kızılırmak and Yeşilırmak Rivers, the largest rivers in the Black Sea Region of Türkiye, and the Mert and Engiz Rivers located between these rivers, to evaluate the region’s health risks and pollution status. Average TM concentrations were measured in mg/kg and ordered from smallest to largest as Cd (4.1) < Co (19.9) < Ni (31.6) < Cu (34.9) < Pb (37.8) < Cr (197.6) < Zn (213.9) < Al (24408.8) < Fe (35920). Seasonal changes were observed, especially during the dry season, and Pb, Zn, and Co concentrations were found to increase. Environmental risk assessment indices (EF, CF, I geo , and PLI) indicated medium and high contamination levels and potential ecological impacts. Likewise, while TRI and ATI among toxicity assessment indices showed medium and high toxic levels, the highest individual growth rate (IGR) results of Hyallella azteca used in bioavailable TM assessment were observed in the control sediment (6.8). However, whereas the survival rate was 100% in the control sediment, it did not fall below 70% at the other sampling points. Bioaccumulation factor (BAF) results showed that Cu, Cd, Co, and Ni metals accumulated in H. azteca tissues. Health risk results indicated no health risk for adults while demonstrating a slight health risk for children. Statistical analyses (PCC and PCA) showed the presence of anthropogenic, lithogenic TM sources and slight effects of industrial and agrogenic sources. Health risk assessment Hyallella azteca Risk indices Sediment Trace metals Full Text Supplementary Files suplementarymaterials.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5875715","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":406159430,"identity":"12b82eb5-eeb4-4be8-9f7c-9ce53a5c3bce","order_by":0,"name":"Arife ŞIMŞEK","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA80lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFACxoYPQJIHiJkZPkCEDAhpaZwB08I4A64lAb8eqEIGZmYeYrTwzz7cCHRZnYxu/+HDxjYV2xIb2Ju3STD+uIdTi8S5xEagyw7zmN1IS07OOXM7sYHnWJkEQ0IxbmvOMLY/5mE4ANTCY3w4tw2oRSLHDKgFt8vkzzA2Nv9hqOMxO3/+82FLkBb5N/i1GIC0AH3OY3YghzmZEWwLD34thkAtjT0GYL8YG/acuW3cxpNWbJGQhluL3Bn2hw0/Kurszc4ffizxo+K2bD/74Y03Ptjg1gJ1HhKbDUQQ0jAKRsEoGAWjAD8AAD22UqfO9FVgAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7177-1764","institution":"Ondokuz Mayis University: Ondokuz Mayis Universitesi","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Arife","middleName":"","lastName":"ŞIMŞEK","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-01-21 19:45:43","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5875715/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5875715/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":76975823,"identity":"962a2f8b-f166-493b-b353-3360f1d7837f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-02-23 21:23:40","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":698322,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"renamedafa2d.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5875715/v1_covered_6240d405-eefc-4f20-a51a-7f16307a4328.pdf"},{"id":74958801,"identity":"60f701db-0494-46e4-b9b1-966c36c72b40","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-01-28 18:17:10","extension":"docx","order_by":4,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":42778,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"suplementarymaterials.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5875715/v1/ca6a4bbf7c58cc6a9fbad3d0.docx"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Assessment of Toxicity, Health Risks, and Environmental Impact of Trace Metals in River Sediments of the Middle Black Sea Region (Samsun, Turkey): Bioaccumulation Potential in the Freshwater Amphipod Hyallella azteca","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Health risk assessment, Hyallella azteca, Risk indices, Sediment, Trace metals","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5875715/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5875715/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe present work studied the sources, concentrations, distributions, and possible ecotoxicological risks of trace metals (TMs) in surface sediments of the Kızılırmak and Yeşilırmak Rivers, the largest rivers in the Black Sea Region of T\u0026uuml;rkiye, and the Mert and Engiz Rivers located between these rivers, to evaluate the region\u0026rsquo;s health risks and pollution status. Average TM concentrations were measured in mg/kg and ordered from smallest to largest as Cd (4.1)\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;Co (19.9)\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;Ni (31.6)\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;Cu (34.9)\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;Pb (37.8)\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;Cr (197.6)\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;Zn (213.9)\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;Al (24408.8)\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;Fe (35920). Seasonal changes were observed, especially during the dry season, and Pb, Zn, and Co concentrations were found to increase. Environmental risk assessment indices (EF, CF, I\u003csub\u003egeo\u003c/sub\u003e, and PLI) indicated medium and high contamination levels and potential ecological impacts. Likewise, while TRI and ATI among toxicity assessment indices showed medium and high toxic levels, the highest individual growth rate (IGR) results of \u003cem\u003eHyallella azteca\u003c/em\u003e used in bioavailable TM assessment were observed in the control sediment (6.8). However, whereas the survival rate was 100% in the control sediment, it did not fall below 70% at the other sampling points. Bioaccumulation factor (BAF) results showed that Cu, Cd, Co, and Ni metals accumulated in \u003cem\u003eH. azteca\u003c/em\u003e tissues. Health risk results indicated no health risk for adults while demonstrating a slight health risk for children. Statistical analyses (PCC and PCA) showed the presence of anthropogenic, lithogenic TM sources and slight effects of industrial and agrogenic sources.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Assessment of Toxicity, Health Risks, and Environmental Impact of Trace Metals in River Sediments of the Middle Black Sea Region (Samsun, Turkey): Bioaccumulation Potential in the Freshwater Amphipod Hyallella azteca","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-01-28 18:17:05","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5875715/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"a7332194-3256-4df9-ad96-bf031da9bc43","owner":[],"postedDate":"January 28th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-02-23T21:15:31+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-01-28 18:17:05","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-5875715","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5875715","identity":"rs-5875715","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}