A Comprehensive Review on Botany, Nutritional Benefits, and Prospects of Planting Coconut

Coconut is among the oldest known fruits and has drawn attention from humans because of its nutritional and economic benefits. Coconut oil derived from copra has long been recognised as a valuable source of nutrients that should be included in our daily diet, as it provides carbohydrates, minerals and promotes health. Although there are considerable scientific records on coconut, its chemical composition, biological properties, geographical distribution, health, nutritional, and planting prospects are poorly documented. This review, therefore, compiles updated information on coconut and opportunities associated with the cultivation of the crop. Coconut serves as a source of income and provides jobs and diverse food items, including a beverage, a food supplement, a dairy alternative, and an alternative source of sugar. Fresh coconut water is an important energy source, proven as a natural sports drink to prevent dehydration. Coconut has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antihelminthic, antimicrobial, antinociceptive, and antitumor properties. These findings are quite encouraging, and further studies are required to confirm these benefits and reveal other possible therapeutic properties. Clinical trials using coconut oil for the management of HIV, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, meningitis, gonorrhea, hepatitis, flu, and COVID-19 require further investigation. Also, recent advances in the antiviral properties of coconut oil highlight its prospects in the pharmaceutical industry.