Comparative profiling of secondary metabolites and antidiabetic properties of Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC.) Guill. & Perr. (Combretaceae) extracts

Comparative profiling of secondary metabolites and antidiabetic properties of Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC.) Guill. & Perr. (Combretaceae) extracts | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Comparative profiling of secondary metabolites and antidiabetic properties of Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC.) Guill. & Perr. (Combretaceae) extracts Ikponmwosa Owen Evbuomwan, Emmanuel Henry Ezenabor, Aishat Abimbola Adeyemi, and 9 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6262728/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic condition which can result in severe long-term complications, and current treatments often have significant side effects. As a result, there is a growing interest in identifying novel α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors with improved safety profiles. Natural products have emerged as a promising source of such compounds. In this study, we investigated the antidiabetic potential of solvent extracts and phenolic compounds from Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC.) Guill. & Perr. Methods: Dried leaves and stem bark were extracted using aqueous and absolute ethanol, yielding ALE, ASE, ELE, and ESE. We assessed their TPC, TFC, and antioxidant capacity. The antidiabetic efficacy of these extracts and their HPLC-identified phenolic compounds was evaluated through in vitro and computational analyses of α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition. Results: ASE and ALE demonstrated high polyphenol and flavonoid content, along with strong dose-dependent antioxidant activity (FRAC, TAC, DPPH, and NO scavenging). ASE demonstrated the highest α-amylase inhibition, comparable to metformin ( p > 0.05). Molecular docking analysis showed strong interactions between phenolic compounds and both α-amylase and α-glucosidase, with binding affinities comparable to metformin. Notably, rutin exhibited docking scores of -7.736 and -7.098 kcal/mol for α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively, outperforming metformin (-4.305 and -4.094 kcal/mol). Conclusion: These findings suggest that A. leiocarpus and its phenolic compounds hold promise as potent and safer α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors for diabetes treatment. Diabetic mellitus Total antioxidant capacity Drug discovery Phenolic compounds Rutin α-Amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors Molecular docking Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6262728","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":443178939,"identity":"9577c69a-b064-4aa5-8e41-cd1f3a05cffd","order_by":0,"name":"Ikponmwosa Owen Evbuomwan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Landmark University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ikponmwosa","middleName":"Owen","lastName":"Evbuomwan","suffix":""},{"id":443178940,"identity":"f43ce4a3-c40c-463a-8595-596bcf2b5c2c","order_by":1,"name":"Emmanuel Henry Ezenabor","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Bowen 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14:53:30","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6262728/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6262728/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":101397767,"identity":"bed6b595-3e8b-4a2a-b858-ad3a0743891a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-29 09:36:48","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1779980,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"BMCComplement.Med.Ther.manuscriptfile.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6262728/v1_covered_dc2a6afc-1489-409b-b01f-ee480310411d.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Comparative profiling of secondary metabolites and antidiabetic properties of Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC.) 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(Combretaceae) extracts","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Diabetic mellitus, Total antioxidant capacity, Drug discovery, Phenolic compounds, Rutin, α-Amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors, Molecular docking","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6262728/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6262728/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground: \u003c/strong\u003eDiabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic condition which can result in severe long-term complications, and current treatments often have significant side effects. As a result, there is a growing interest in identifying novel α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors with improved safety profiles. Natural products have emerged as a promising source of such compounds. In this study, we investigated the antidiabetic potential of solvent extracts and phenolic compounds from \u003cem\u003eAnogeissus leiocarpus\u003c/em\u003e (DC.) Guill. \u0026amp; Perr.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods: \u003c/strong\u003eDried leaves and stem bark were extracted using aqueous and absolute ethanol, yielding ALE, ASE, ELE, and ESE. We assessed their TPC, TFC, and antioxidant capacity. The antidiabetic efficacy of these extracts and their HPLC-identified phenolic compounds was evaluated through \u003cem\u003ein vitro\u003c/em\u003e and computational analyses of α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults: \u003c/strong\u003eASE and ALE demonstrated high polyphenol and flavonoid content, along with strong dose-dependent antioxidant activity (FRAC, TAC, DPPH, and NO scavenging). ASE demonstrated the highest α-amylase inhibition, comparable to metformin (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026gt; 0.05). Molecular docking analysis showed strong interactions between phenolic compounds and both α-amylase and α-glucosidase, with binding affinities comparable to metformin. Notably, rutin exhibited docking scores of -7.736 and -7.098 kcal/mol for α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively, outperforming metformin (-4.305 and -4.094 kcal/mol).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion: \u003c/strong\u003eThese findings suggest that \u003cem\u003eA. leiocarpus\u003c/em\u003e and its phenolic compounds hold promise as potent and safer α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors for diabetes treatment.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Comparative profiling of secondary metabolites and antidiabetic properties of Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC.) Guill. \u0026amp; Perr. 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