Factors Influencing Non-Adherence to Antihypertensive Medications Among Patients at SGTH, Swat

Factors Influencing Non-Adherence to Antihypertensive Medications Among Patients at SGTH, Swat | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Factors Influencing Non-Adherence to Antihypertensive Medications Among Patients at SGTH, Swat Ameer Afzal khan, Rahman Syed, Sangeen Khan, Mohsin Ali, Aftabur rahman, and 4 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5723517/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Objective To identify the factors influencing non-adherence to antihypertensive medications (AHMs) among patients at SGTH, Swat. Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on hypertensive patients at Saidu Group of Teaching Hospitals (SGTH), Swat, from October 10 to November 4, 2024. Data was collected by in-person interviews using a standardized questionnaire that included the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) to determine adherence. The statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25, and the factors influencing non-adherence were identified by logistic regression. Results A total of 228 patients participated in the study, with 117 (51.3%) female and 111 (48.7%) male participants, and a mean age of 55.35 ± 13.65 years. The study found a high prevalence of non-adherence to AHMs, with 166 patients (72.8%) classified as non-adherent. Logistic regression analysis identified several factors associated with non-adherence, including low education levels, low to medium income, high cholesterol, depression, duration of hypertension, the complexity of medication regimens, side effects, and recent hospitalization. Conclusion In conclusion, this study highlights a significant issue of non-adherence to AHMs among patients at SGTH, Swat. Contributing factors include low education, limited income, comorbidities, complex regimens, side effects, and recent hospitalization. Addressing these factors can help healthcare providers improve medication adherence and enhance patient outcomes. Internal Medicine Clinical Pharmacology Hypertension Antihypertensive medications non-adherence Figures Figure 1 Introduction Hypertension is a global health concern, rising as a prominent yet avoidable cause of morbidity and mortality. Hypertension is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as having blood pressure readings of 140/90 mmHg or greater on two different occasions, meaning that the systolic pressure is at least 140 mmHg, and the diastolic pressure is at least 90 mmHg [1]. Approximately 1.28 billion people aged 30 to 79 have hypertension globally, and two-thirds of them live in low- and middle-income countries. Approximately one in every five people (21%) has hypertension under control [1]. It is estimated that 26.7% of people in Pakistan have hypertension (HTN), but only 6% have it under control [3]. Thus, the prevalence of hypertension is rising quickly and is getting close to epidemic levels worldwide. The act or level of following through on a provider's advice or order regarding when, how much, and how often to take medicine is called medication adherence [4]. An alternative definition of it is “A ratio of the number of medication doses consumed to the number of doses recommended during a specific time period” [5]. Primary and secondary non-adherence are the two types of medication non-adherence. When medication is not taken on its initial administration, this is known as primary non-adherence. Secondary non-adherence measures medication refills among individuals who have finished their first prescription [6]. Non-adherence to AHMs increases the risk of uncontrolled blood pressure and hypertensive consequences [7,8]. Several factors lead to nonadherence to AHMs. WHO classifies these factors into five categories: the patient's socioeconomic situation, therapeutic features, healthcare system characteristics, health-related conditions, and patient-specific factors [9]. Socioeconomic status relates to economic, social, and educational issues. So, these factors affect the continuous usage of medicine [10]. Moreover, physician-patient interactions significantly impact treatment adherence. Adopting a collaborative approach can enhance care quality, patient satisfaction, and treatment protocol adherence [11]. Furthermore, Social support and connection between patients and their families can encourage the adoption of healthy health habits and improve quality of life [12]. Patients' adherence to treatment is also impeded by complicated pharmaceutical regimens and a number of doses [13,14]. To address the negative impact of non-adherence to AHMs on health outcomes and healthcare costs, it's important to investigate the underlying reasons. This study aims to assess non-adherence to AHMs among hypertension patients at Saidu Group of Teaching Hospital (SGTH), Swat, Pakistan. Additionally, it seeks analyze how socioeconomic variables, patient features, and medical problems influence non-adherence to AHMs. Patients and methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among hypertensive patients attending Medicine OPD at Saidu group of teaching hospitals (SGTH), Swat, KPK, Pakistan, which serves as a key healthcare provider in the Swat region covering a diverse population. The study was approved by the ethical review board, of Saidu Medical College (ref no: 200-ERB/024). The study was carried out between October 10, 2024, and November 4, 2024, for a total of four weeks. The WHO sample size calculator determined the sample size to be 228 with a 95% confidence interval and a 5% margin of error. A non-probability convenient sampling method was used. The study contained previously diagnosed hypertensive patients aged 18 years or above, who were taking AHMs, and willing to give consent. Unwilling patients, non-hypertensive, aged 18 years below, and who were not attending OPD were excluded from the study. First informed consent was taken from patients, and their confidentiality and anonymity were maintained. A questionnaire was used to collect data from patients through face-to-face interviews, conducted by trained medical professionals. The questionnaire consists of questions related to the socio-demographic profile, medical and medication history of the patient, and reasons for non-adherence to AHMs. The Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) is an eight-item tool used to measure medication adherence. A score on the MMAS-8 can be anything from 0 to 8. Participants were classified as adherent if they had an MMAS-8 score of 8, moderately adherent if they received a score of 6 to less than 8, and non-adherent if they received a score of less than 6 [15]. First, fifteen randomly chosen participants from the participating patients were used to pilot test the questionnaire's reliability. A few minor adjustments were made to enhance the reliability and accuracy of the questionnaire in light of the pilot test results. The data was analyzed by using the statistical software SPSS version 25. Continuous data were represented by mean and standard deviation in descriptive analysis, whilst categorical variables were represented by frequency and percentages. Logistic regression analysis was performed to predict the factors that influence nonadherence to AHMs. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results A total of 228 patients participated in the study. 117 (51.3%) of the participants were female while 111 (48.7%) of the participants were male. The mean age of the participants was 55.35 ± 13.65 years. 166 (72.8%) patients were nonadherent while 62 (27.2%) patients were adherent to AHMs. A logistic regression model was used to identify variables that may enhance the likelihood of nonadherence. Primary school (OR = 11.65 P = 0.00) and middle school education level (OR = 25.88 P = 0.04), low (OR = 14.91 P = < 0.0001) and medium (OR = 12.49 P = 0.003) monthly income, comorbid condition like high cholesterol (OR = 2.6 P = 0.04), depression (OR = 5.09 P = 0.001),1–5 years of hypertension diagnosis (OR = 14.23 P = 0.04), multiple medications (OR = 2.73 P = 0.045), complex regimen (OR = 2.04 P = 0.02), and side effects from hypertensive medications (OR = 6.07 P = 0.01) were the predictor factors associated with nonadherence. Figure 1 shows the reasons for non-adherence that the patients reported. The most common reasons reported were forgetfulness (35.7%), financial constraints (25%), side effects (20.60%), and tired of taking medications (18.7%). Discussion This study evaluated the factors of non-adherence to hypertension treatment among patients at the Saidu Group of Teaching Hospitals (SGTH), Swat. We found that 72.8% of the participants were nonadherent to AHMs. Factors that mostly contributed to non-adherence were low levels of education (Primary school and middle school education level), low and medium monthly income, comorbid conditions like high cholesterol, depression, 1 to 5 years of hypertension diagnosis, multiple medications, complex regimen, and experienced side effects from hypertensive medications. We found that the prevalence of non-adherence to AHMs among the patients was 72.8%. Previous research from Afghanistan, the USA, Egypt, Pakistan, and the Congo found lower rates of non-adherence than our study (47.9%, 30.5%, 53.88%, 37.8%, and 54.2%, respectively) [2,16–19]. In contrast, there were studies that indicated higher rates of non-adherence than ours, such as one in Morocco (91%) [20]. Increased rates of non-adherence to AHMs are revealed by our study. Since non-adherence to AHMs leads to uncontrolled hypertension and cardiovascular repercussions, officials should implement steps to enhance drug adherence among hypertensive patients. We discovered that patients were more likely to non-adhere AHMs if their monthly family income was low or moderate. Similarly, previous studies have also found that low income might hinder medication adherence among hypertension patients [21–23]. Low-income individuals may face financial challenges when receiving long-term hypertension medication. Furthermore, the country's tough economic situation may cause many hypertension patients to become impoverished. Low-income individuals therefore need significant family financial assistance to pay for prescription drugs. Additionally, government or nonprofit organizations can provide assistance programs to help low-income individuals get inexpensive prescription drugs. Our study finding also shows that multiple medications can lead to non-adherence to AHMs among patients. This result is consistent with research from Korea [24], Malaysia [25], Lebanon [9], and others [21,23,26]. Using numerous drugs on a regular basis is crucial for people with poorly controlled hypertension to reduce cardiovascular problems. Additionally, the literature has demonstrated their effectiveness in treating hypertension in individuals with comorbidities [27,28]. Regimens involving many medications per day can be inconvenient and difficult for patients to follow, thereby affecting treatment efficacy. Hence, combining two AHMs into a single pill, called a fixed-dose combination (FDC), may increase patient adherence [28,29]. Our results also show that comorbid like high cholesterol and depression can also lead to non-adherence to AHMs. Similar results from Ethiopia [29], Afghanistan [16], and Korea [24] show that comorbidity is a useful factor in tackling adherence. The increased challenge of managing multiple conditions at once can occasionally lead to patients prioritizing one over the other or feeling overburdened, which can impair adherence. Additionally, a number of drugs are administered concurrently for comorbidities and hypertension, which may contribute to a pill load and ultimately non-adherence. The possibility of drug-drug interactions, which can impair medication adherence, is another drawback linked to comorbidities. According to our study patients with depression were 5 times more likely to be non-adherent to AHMs than those without depression. Other studies have previously demonstrated that depression symptoms were linked to non-adherence to AHMs [9,21,23,30]. There is a complicated interplay between physical and mental health. In addition to being beneficial for the patient's overall health, treating mental health issues like depression may encourage greater adherence to medical treatments [9]. Therefore, it is critical to screen for and identify hypertensive patients with depressed symptoms early in order to prevent non-adherence to AHMs and the bio-psycho-social consequences that follow. Our study findings also show that low levels of education (Primary school and middle school education level) are associated with non-adherence to AHMs. This result is consistent with a South Korean study that sought to determine the variables associated with self-reported non-adherence to antihypertensive medication regimens and discovered that patients with lower educational attainment had greater non-adherence rates [31]. Likewise, research conducted in the USA revealed that those with more educational attainment exhibited better rates of drug adherence [32]. An information-seeking mindset provides the justification for this association between education and medication adherence, indicating that obtaining more education is associated with getting more guidance and information from medical professionals [33]. This study is significant because it examines the demographics and history of hypertension and offers a thorough examination of factors influencing non-adherence to AHMs at SGTH, Swat. This is an issue that has not received enough attention in this region. This study not only gives medical professionals helpful information to improve patient compliance, but it also makes policymakers aware of the important concerns that must be resolved to enhance local public safety. It should be noted that the study has a number of limitations. First of all, it was conducted in a single center, which would restrict the generalizability of the findings in other regions of Pakistan. Additionally, using self-reported data increases the risk of inaccuracies due to recall bias or social desirability, particularly in the context of medication adherence and health-related activities. Our capacity to infer causal correlations between the characteristics found and medication adherence is further limited by the study's cross-sectional methodology. Finally, it was difficult to carry out the study successfully since many participants showed a lack of education and a lack of awareness regarding their illness. Conclusion In conclusion, this study highlights a significant prevalence of non-adherence to AHMs among patients at SGTH, Swat, with 72.8% of participants not following their prescribed regimens. The main factors that lead to non-adherence to AHMs identified were low levels of education (Primary school and middle school education level), low and medium monthly income, comorbid conditions like high cholesterol, depression, 1 to 5 years of hypertension diagnosis, multiple medications, complex regimen, experienced side effects from hypertensive medications, and hospitalization in the last six months. By identifying these predictors, healthcare providers can modify interventions to improve adherence rates, ultimately improving patient outcomes in hypertension management. Declarations Acknowledgement: None Disclaimer: None Conflict of interest: None Funding disclosure: None References World Health Organization. Hypertension. (2024). Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension Noreen N, Bashir F, Khan AW, Safi MM, Lashari WA, Hering D. 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Krousel-Wood M, Islam T, Muntner P, Holt E, Joyce C, Morisky DE, Webber LS, Frohlich ED. Association of depression with antihypertensive medication adherence in older adults: cross-sectional and longitudinal findings from CoSMO. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2010 Dec 1;40(3):248-57. Cho SJ, Kim J. Factors associated with nonadherence to antihypertensive medication. Nursing & Health Sciences. 2014 Dec;16(4):461-7. Lowry KP, Dudley TK, Oddone EZ, Bosworth HB. Intentional and unintentional nonadherence to antihypertensive medication. Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 2005 Jul;39(7-8):1198-203. Jokisalo E, Kumpusalo E, Enlund H, Halonen P, Takala J. Factors related to non-compliance with antihypertensive drug therapy. Journal of human hypertension. 2002 Aug;16(8):577-83. Tables Table 1 Baseline study parameters and binary logistic regression for predictors of medication nonadherence. Parameter Total N (%) n = 228 Non-Adherent, n = 166 (%) Adherent, n = 62 (%) OR 95%CI for OR Lower–Upper P-value Gender Female 117(51.3%) 88(53%) 29(46.7%) 1 0.16 Male 111(48.7%) 78(47%) 33(53.2%) 0.59 0.28–1.23 Occupational Status Employed 77(33.7%) 36(21.6%) 41(66.1%) 1 0.94 Non employed 151(66.2%) 130(78.3%) 21(33.9%) 0.94 0.16–5.30 Marital Status Single 29(12.7%) 18(10.8%) 11(17.7%) 0.22 0.02–2.55 0.22 Married 184(80.7%) 135(81.3%) 49(79%) 0.24 0.03–2.24 0.21 Divorced 1(0.4%) 0(0) 1(1.6%) 0.00 0.00 1.00 Widowed 14(6%) 13(7.8%) 1(1.6%) 1 Education level Primary school 149(65.4%) 128(77.1%) 21(33.8%) 11.65 1.46–92.67 0.0 Middle school 14(6.14%) 13(7.8%) 1(1.6%) 25.88 1.06–626.60 0.04 Matriculation 16(7%) 13(7.8%) 3(4.8%) 1.56 0.18–13.23 0.67 Intermediate 15(6.5%) 2(1.2%) 13(21%) 0.17 0.02–1.82 0.14 Higher 34(15%) 10(6%) 24(39%) 1 Residential area Rural 143(62.7%) 119(71.6%) 24(39%) 2.70 0.73–9.95 0.13 Urban 85(37.3%) 47(28.3%) 38(61.1%) 1 Monthly income Low 113(49.5%) 102(61.4%) 11(17.7%) 14.91 3.32–66.93 < 0.0001 Medium 76(33.3%) 57(34.33%) 19(30.6%) 12.49 2.36–66.16 0.003 High 39(17.1%) 7(4.2%) 32(51.6%) 1 BMI < 25 135(59.2%) 88(53%) 47(75.8%) 1 25–30 75(32.8%) 61(36.8%) 14(22.5%) 0.87 0.28–2.73 0.82 ≥ 30 18(8.3% 17(10.2%) 1(1.6%) 3.75 0.34–40.63 0.27 Diabetes Yes 109(47.8%) 88(53%) 21(33.8%) 0.99 0.47–2.06 0.97 No 119(52.2%) 78(47%) 41(66.1%) 1 High cholesterol Yes 96(42.1%) 86(51.8%) 10(16.1%) 2.60 1.02–6.61 0.04 No 132(57.8%) 80(48.2%) 52(83.9%) 1 Heart problems Yes 139(61%) 85(51.2%) 54(87.1%) 2.37 0.86–6.46 0.09 No 89(39%) 81(48.8%) 8(12.9%) 1 Migraine Yes 77(33.7%) 68(41%) 9(14.5%) 1.23 0.47–3.18 0.66 No 151(66.2%) 98(59%) 53(85.5%) 1 Depression Yes 105(46%) 97(58.4%) 8(12.9%) 5.09 2.01–12.85 0.001 No 123(54%) 69(41.5%) 54(87.1%) 1 Smoking Yes 60(26.3%) 53(31.9%) 7(11.2%) 2.67 0.97–7.69 0.069 No 168(73.7%) 113(68.1%) 55(88.7%) 1 Family history of hypertension Yes 169(74.1%) 133(80.1%) 36(58%) 1.15 0.46–2.83 0.75 No 59(25.9%) 33(19.9%) 26(42%) 1 Time since diagnosis of hypertension 5 years 82(36%) 67(40.3%) 15(24.2%) 13.56 0.76-242.14 0.08 Treatment duration 5 years 81(35.5%) 65(39.1%) 16(25.8%) 0.15 0.01–2.57 0.19 Number of medications Single 119(52.1%) 66(39.8%) 53(85.5%) 1 0.045 Multiple 109(47.8%) 100(60.2%) 9(14.5%) 2.73 1.01–7.42 Complex regimen Yes 88(38.5%) 79(47.5%) 9(14.5%) 2.04 0.98–4.22 0.02 No 140(61.4%) 87(52.4%) 53(85.5%) 1 Experienced side effects from hypertensive medications Yes 73(32%) 69(41.5%) 4(6.4%) 6.07 1.50-24.57 0.01 No 155(68%) 97(58.4%) 58(93.5%) 1 Blood pressure is currently under control Yes 173(75.8%) 118(71%) 55(88.7%) 1 0.57 No 55(24.1%) 48(29%) 7(11.2%) 0.71 0.22–2.34 Use a BP monitor to check BP at home Yes 126(55.2%) 77(46.4%) 49(79%) 1 0.12 No 102(44.7%) 89(53.6%) 13(21%) 2.24 0.81–6.23 Time of last BP check Within past month 155(67.9%) 100(60.2%) 55(88.7%) 1 0.10 More than 1 month earlier 73(32.1%) 66(39.8%) 7(11.2%) 2.47 0.82–7.45 Knowledge of hypertension complications Yes 99(43.4%) 55(33.1%) 44(70.9%) 1 0.19 No 129(56.6%) 111(66.8%) 18(29.1%) 1.96 0.71–5.34 Hospitalization in the last six months Yes 96(42.1%) 72(43.4%) 24(38.7%) 0.34 0.12–0.95 0.04 No 132(57.9%) 94(56.6%) 38(61.2%) 1 Cost of medicine Free 20(8.7%) 14(8.4%) 6(9.6%) 1 0.96 Pay yourself 208(91.2%) 152(91.5%) 56(90.3%) 0.967 0.21–4.46 Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5723517","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":395113369,"identity":"11764a4a-cd36-41ab-bbb1-305d23f7482e","order_by":0,"name":"Ameer Afzal 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Swat","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hassan","middleName":"","lastName":"zeb","suffix":""},{"id":395113708,"identity":"c698a5e4-e698-4358-9915-00308d4fe408","order_by":8,"name":"Anfal Khan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Saidu Medical College, Swat","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Anfal","middleName":"","lastName":"Khan","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-12-27 20:30:17","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5723517/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5723517/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":72643968,"identity":"f8c88396-3371-4c74-aa6e-f83fa21bb6cd","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-12-30 16:39:30","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":43401,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReasons for non-adherence that patients reported.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5723517/v1/763bdb2a4db1e1a04395a122.png"},{"id":72644272,"identity":"dfae69fa-4534-4a70-85a1-66d920f048f3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-12-30 16:39:45","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":662499,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5723517/v1/b9b59781-064c-4015-a69c-d9693b04bb50.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eFactors Influencing Non-Adherence to Antihypertensive Medications Among Patients at SGTH, Swat\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eHypertension is a global health concern, rising as a prominent yet avoidable cause of morbidity and mortality. Hypertension is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as having blood pressure readings of 140/90 mmHg or greater on two different occasions, meaning that the systolic pressure is at least 140 mmHg, and the diastolic pressure is at least 90 mmHg [1]. Approximately 1.28\u0026nbsp;billion people aged 30 to 79 have hypertension globally, and two-thirds of them live in low- and middle-income countries. Approximately one in every five people (21%) has hypertension under control [1]. It is estimated that 26.7% of people in Pakistan have hypertension (HTN), but only 6% have it under control [3]. Thus, the prevalence of hypertension is rising quickly and is getting close to epidemic levels worldwide.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe act or level of following through on a provider's advice or order regarding when, how much, and how often to take medicine is called medication adherence [4]. An alternative definition of it is \u0026ldquo;A ratio of the number of medication doses consumed to the number of doses recommended during a specific time period\u0026rdquo; [5]. Primary and secondary non-adherence are the two types of medication non-adherence. When medication is not taken on its initial administration, this is known as primary non-adherence. Secondary non-adherence measures medication refills among individuals who have finished their first prescription [6].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNon-adherence to AHMs increases the risk of uncontrolled blood pressure and hypertensive consequences [7,8]. Several factors lead to nonadherence to AHMs. WHO classifies these factors into five categories: the patient's socioeconomic situation, therapeutic features, healthcare system characteristics, health-related conditions, and patient-specific factors [9]. Socioeconomic status relates to economic, social, and educational issues. So, these factors affect the continuous usage of medicine [10]. Moreover, physician-patient interactions significantly impact treatment adherence. Adopting a collaborative approach can enhance care quality, patient satisfaction, and treatment protocol adherence [11]. Furthermore, Social support and connection between patients and their families can encourage the adoption of healthy health habits and improve quality of life [12]. Patients' adherence to treatment is also impeded by complicated pharmaceutical regimens and a number of doses [13,14].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo address the negative impact of non-adherence to AHMs on health outcomes and healthcare costs, it's important to investigate the underlying reasons. This study aims to assess non-adherence to AHMs among hypertension patients at Saidu Group of Teaching Hospital (SGTH), Swat, Pakistan. Additionally, it seeks analyze how socioeconomic variables, patient features, and medical problems influence non-adherence to AHMs.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Patients and methods","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among hypertensive patients attending Medicine OPD at Saidu group of teaching hospitals (SGTH), Swat, KPK, Pakistan, which serves as a key healthcare provider in the Swat region covering a diverse population. The study was approved by the ethical review board, of Saidu Medical College (ref no: 200-ERB/024). The study was carried out between October 10, 2024, and November 4, 2024, for a total of four weeks. The WHO sample size calculator determined the sample size to be 228 with a 95% confidence interval and a 5% margin of error. A non-probability convenient sampling method was used. The study contained previously diagnosed hypertensive patients aged 18 years or above, who were taking AHMs, and willing to give consent. Unwilling patients, non-hypertensive, aged 18 years below, and who were not attending OPD were excluded from the study. First informed consent was taken from patients, and their confidentiality and anonymity were maintained.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA questionnaire was used to collect data from patients through face-to-face interviews, conducted by trained medical professionals. The questionnaire consists of questions related to the socio-demographic profile, medical and medication history of the patient, and reasons for non-adherence to AHMs. The Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) is an eight-item tool used to measure medication adherence. A score on the MMAS-8 can be anything from 0 to 8. Participants were classified as adherent if they had an MMAS-8 score of 8, moderately adherent if they received a score of 6 to less than 8, and non-adherent if they received a score of less than 6 [15]. First, fifteen randomly chosen participants from the participating patients were used to pilot test the questionnaire's reliability. A few minor adjustments were made to enhance the reliability and accuracy of the questionnaire in light of the pilot test results.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe data was analyzed by using the statistical software SPSS version 25. Continuous data were represented by mean and standard deviation in descriptive analysis, whilst categorical variables were represented by frequency and percentages. Logistic regression analysis was performed to predict the factors that influence nonadherence to AHMs. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eA total of 228 patients participated in the study. 117 (51.3%) of the participants were female while 111 (48.7%) of the participants were male. The mean age of the participants was 55.35\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.65 years. 166 (72.8%) patients were nonadherent while 62 (27.2%) patients were adherent to AHMs.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA logistic regression model was used to identify variables that may enhance the likelihood of nonadherence. Primary school (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;11.65 P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.00) and middle school education level (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;25.88 P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.04), low (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;14.91 P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.0001) and medium (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;12.49 P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.003) monthly income, comorbid condition like high cholesterol (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.6 P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.04), depression (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;5.09 P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001),1\u0026ndash;5 years of hypertension diagnosis (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;14.23 P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.04), multiple medications (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.73 P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.045), complex regimen (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.04 P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.02), and side effects from hypertensive medications (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;6.07 P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.01) were the predictor factors associated with nonadherence.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFigure \u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e shows the reasons for non-adherence that the patients reported. The most common reasons reported were forgetfulness (35.7%), financial constraints (25%), side effects (20.60%), and tired of taking medications (18.7%).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study evaluated the factors of non-adherence to hypertension treatment among patients at the Saidu Group of Teaching Hospitals (SGTH), Swat. We found that 72.8% of the participants were nonadherent to AHMs. Factors that mostly contributed to non-adherence were low levels of education (Primary school and middle school education level), low and medium monthly income, comorbid conditions like high cholesterol, depression, 1 to 5 years of hypertension diagnosis, multiple medications, complex regimen, and experienced side effects from hypertensive medications.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe found that the prevalence of non-adherence to AHMs among the patients was 72.8%. Previous research from Afghanistan, the USA, Egypt, Pakistan, and the Congo found lower rates of non-adherence than our study (47.9%, 30.5%, 53.88%, 37.8%, and 54.2%, respectively) [2,16\u0026ndash;19]. In contrast, there were studies that indicated higher rates of non-adherence than ours, such as one in Morocco (91%) [20]. Increased rates of non-adherence to AHMs are revealed by our study. Since non-adherence to AHMs leads to uncontrolled hypertension and cardiovascular repercussions, officials should implement steps to enhance drug adherence among hypertensive patients.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe discovered that patients were more likely to non-adhere AHMs if their monthly family income was low or moderate. Similarly, previous studies have also found that low income might hinder medication adherence among hypertension patients [21\u0026ndash;23]. Low-income individuals may face financial challenges when receiving long-term hypertension medication. Furthermore, the country's tough economic situation may cause many hypertension patients to become impoverished. Low-income individuals therefore need significant family financial assistance to pay for prescription drugs. Additionally, government or nonprofit organizations can provide assistance programs to help low-income individuals get inexpensive prescription drugs.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOur study finding also shows that multiple medications can lead to non-adherence to AHMs among patients. This result is consistent with research from Korea [24], Malaysia [25], Lebanon [9], and others [21,23,26]. Using numerous drugs on a regular basis is crucial for people with poorly controlled hypertension to reduce cardiovascular problems. Additionally, the literature has demonstrated their effectiveness in treating hypertension in individuals with comorbidities [27,28]. Regimens involving many medications per day can be inconvenient and difficult for patients to follow, thereby affecting treatment efficacy. Hence, combining two AHMs into a single pill, called a fixed-dose combination (FDC), may increase patient adherence [28,29].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOur results also show that comorbid like high cholesterol and depression can also lead to non-adherence to AHMs. Similar results from Ethiopia [29], Afghanistan [16], and Korea [24] show that comorbidity is a useful factor in tackling adherence. The increased challenge of managing multiple conditions at once can occasionally lead to patients prioritizing one over the other or feeling overburdened, which can impair adherence. Additionally, a number of drugs are administered concurrently for comorbidities and hypertension, which may contribute to a pill load and ultimately non-adherence. The possibility of drug-drug interactions, which can impair medication adherence, is another drawback linked to comorbidities.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccording to our study patients with depression were 5 times more likely to be non-adherent to AHMs than those without depression. Other studies have previously demonstrated that depression symptoms were linked to non-adherence to AHMs [9,21,23,30]. There is a complicated interplay between physical and mental health. In addition to being beneficial for the patient's overall health, treating mental health issues like depression may encourage greater adherence to medical treatments [9]. Therefore, it is critical to screen for and identify hypertensive patients with depressed symptoms early in order to prevent non-adherence to AHMs and the bio-psycho-social consequences that follow.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOur study findings also show that low levels of education (Primary school and middle school education level) are associated with non-adherence to AHMs. This result is consistent with a South Korean study that sought to determine the variables associated with self-reported non-adherence to antihypertensive medication regimens and discovered that patients with lower educational attainment had greater non-adherence rates [31]. Likewise, research conducted in the USA revealed that those with more educational attainment exhibited better rates of drug adherence [32]. An information-seeking mindset provides the justification for this association between education and medication adherence, indicating that obtaining more education is associated with getting more guidance and information from medical professionals [33].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study is significant because it examines the demographics and history of hypertension and offers a thorough examination of factors influencing non-adherence to AHMs at SGTH, Swat. This is an issue that has not received enough attention in this region. This study not only gives medical professionals helpful information to improve patient compliance, but it also makes policymakers aware of the important concerns that must be resolved to enhance local public safety. It should be noted that the study has a number of limitations. First of all, it was conducted in a single center, which would restrict the generalizability of the findings in other regions of Pakistan. Additionally, using self-reported data increases the risk of inaccuracies due to recall bias or social desirability, particularly in the context of medication adherence and health-related activities. Our capacity to infer causal correlations between the characteristics found and medication adherence is further limited by the study's cross-sectional methodology. Finally, it was difficult to carry out the study successfully since many participants showed a lack of education and a lack of awareness regarding their illness.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn conclusion, this study highlights a significant prevalence of non-adherence to AHMs among patients at SGTH, Swat, with 72.8% of participants not following their prescribed regimens. The main factors that lead to non-adherence to AHMs identified were low levels of education (Primary school and middle school education level), low and medium monthly income, comorbid conditions like high cholesterol, depression, 1 to 5 years of hypertension diagnosis, multiple medications, complex regimen, experienced side effects from hypertensive medications, and hospitalization in the last six months. By identifying these predictors, healthcare providers can modify interventions to improve adherence rates, ultimately improving patient outcomes in hypertension management.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgement:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eNone\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDisclaimer:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eNone\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConflict of interest:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eNone\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding disclosure:\u003c/strong\u003e None\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWorld Health Organization. Hypertension. (2024). Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNoreen N, Bashir F, Khan AW, Safi MM, Lashari WA, Hering D. 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EMHJ-Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 8 (4-5), 579-592, 2002. 2002.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKhadka S, Maharjan A, Bhardwaj M, Jha A, Bajracharya M, Lamichhane B. Adherence to anti-hypertensive medications among patients in selected health facilities of Nepal.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKennard L, O\u0026rsquo;Shaughnessy KM. Treating hypertension in patients with medical comorbidities. Bmj. 2016 Feb 16;352.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSchmieder RE, Ruilope LM. Blood pressure control in patients with comorbidities. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension. 2008 Aug;10(8):624-31.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAmbaw AD, Alemie GA, W/Yohannes SM, Mengesha ZB. Adherence to antihypertensive treatment and associated factors among patients on follow up at University of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC public health. 2012 Dec;12:1-6.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKrousel-Wood M, Islam T, Muntner P, Holt E, Joyce C, Morisky DE, Webber LS, Frohlich ED. Association of depression with antihypertensive medication adherence in older adults: cross-sectional and longitudinal findings from CoSMO. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2010 Dec 1;40(3):248-57.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCho SJ, Kim J. Factors associated with nonadherence to antihypertensive medication. Nursing \u0026amp; Health Sciences. 2014 Dec;16(4):461-7.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLowry KP, Dudley TK, Oddone EZ, Bosworth HB. Intentional and unintentional nonadherence to antihypertensive medication. Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 2005 Jul;39(7-8):1198-203.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJokisalo E, Kumpusalo E, Enlund H, Halonen P, Takala J. Factors related to non-compliance with antihypertensive drug therapy. Journal of human hypertension. 2002 Aug;16(8):577-83.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":" \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eBaseline study parameters and binary logistic regression for predictors of medication nonadherence.\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eParameter\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eTotal N (%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003en\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;228\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNon-Adherent, n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;166 (%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eAdherent, n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;62 (%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eOR\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e95%CI for OR Lower\u0026ndash;Upper\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eP-value\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eGender\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eFemale\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e117(51.3%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e88(53%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e29(46.7%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.16\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eMale\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e111(48.7%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e78(47%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e33(53.2%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.59\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.28\u0026ndash;1.23\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eOccupational Status\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eEmployed\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e77(33.7%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e36(21.6%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e41(66.1%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.94\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNon employed\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e151(66.2%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e130(78.3%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e21(33.9%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.94\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.16\u0026ndash;5.30\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eMarital Status\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eSingle\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e29(12.7%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e18(10.8%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e11(17.7%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.22\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.02\u0026ndash;2.55\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.22\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eMarried\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e184(80.7%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e135(81.3%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e49(79%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.24\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.03\u0026ndash;2.24\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.21\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDivorced\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1(0.4%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0(0)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1(1.6%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.00\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.00\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.00\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eWidowed\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e14(6%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e13(7.8%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1(1.6%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eEducation level\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003ePrimary school\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e149(65.4%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e128(77.1%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e21(33.8%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e11.65\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.46\u0026ndash;92.67\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003e0.0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eMiddle school\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e14(6.14%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e13(7.8%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1(1.6%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e25.88\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.06\u0026ndash;626.60\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003e0.04\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eMatriculation\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e16(7%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e13(7.8%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3(4.8%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.56\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.18\u0026ndash;13.23\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.67\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eIntermediate\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e15(6.5%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2(1.2%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e13(21%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.17\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.02\u0026ndash;1.82\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.14\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eHigher\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e34(15%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e10(6%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e24(39%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eResidential area\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eRural\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e143(62.7%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e119(71.6%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e24(39%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2.70\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.73\u0026ndash;9.95\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.13\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eUrban\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e85(37.3%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e47(28.3%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e38(61.1%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eMonthly income\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eLow\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e113(49.5%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e102(61.4%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e11(17.7%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e14.91\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3.32\u0026ndash;66.93\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.0001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eMedium\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e76(33.3%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e57(34.33%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e19(30.6%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e12.49\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2.36\u0026ndash;66.16\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003e0.003\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eHigh\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e39(17.1%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e7(4.2%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e32(51.6%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eBMI\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;25\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e135(59.2%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e88(53%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e47(75.8%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e25\u0026ndash;30\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e75(32.8%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e61(36.8%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e14(22.5%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.87\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.28\u0026ndash;2.73\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.82\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;30\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e18(8.3%\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e17(10.2%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1(1.6%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3.75\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.34\u0026ndash;40.63\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.27\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eDiabetes\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e109(47.8%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e88(53%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e21(33.8%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.99\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.47\u0026ndash;2.06\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.97\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e119(52.2%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e78(47%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e41(66.1%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eHigh cholesterol\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e96(42.1%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e86(51.8%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e10(16.1%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2.60\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.02\u0026ndash;6.61\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003e0.04\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e132(57.8%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e80(48.2%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e52(83.9%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eHeart problems\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e139(61%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e85(51.2%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e54(87.1%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2.37\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.86\u0026ndash;6.46\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.09\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e89(39%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e81(48.8%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e8(12.9%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eMigraine\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e77(33.7%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e68(41%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e9(14.5%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.23\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.47\u0026ndash;3.18\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.66\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e151(66.2%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e98(59%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e53(85.5%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eDepression\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e105(46%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e97(58.4%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e8(12.9%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e5.09\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2.01\u0026ndash;12.85\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003e0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e123(54%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e69(41.5%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e54(87.1%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eSmoking\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e60(26.3%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e53(31.9%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e7(11.2%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2.67\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.97\u0026ndash;7.69\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.069\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e168(73.7%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e113(68.1%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e55(88.7%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eFamily history of hypertension\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e169(74.1%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e133(80.1%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e36(58%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.15\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.46\u0026ndash;2.83\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.75\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e59(25.9%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e33(19.9%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e26(42%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eTime since diagnosis of hypertension\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;1 year\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e78(34.2%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e37(22.2%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e41(66.1%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u0026ndash;5 years\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e68(29.8%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e62(37.3%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e6(9.6%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e14.23\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.16\u0026ndash;172.40\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003e0.04\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;5 years\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e82(36%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e67(40.3%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e15(24.2%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e13.56\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.76-242.14\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.08\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eTreatment duration\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;1 year\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e83(36.4%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e42(25.3%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e41(66.1%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u0026ndash;5 years\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e64(28%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e59(35.5%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e5(8%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.82\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.07\u0026ndash;9.39\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.87\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;5 years\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e81(35.5%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e65(39.1%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e16(25.8%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.15\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.01\u0026ndash;2.57\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.19\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eNumber of medications\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eSingle\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e119(52.1%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e66(39.8%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e53(85.5%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003e0.045\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eMultiple\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e109(47.8%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e100(60.2%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e9(14.5%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2.73\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.01\u0026ndash;7.42\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eComplex regimen\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e88(38.5%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e79(47.5%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e9(14.5%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2.04\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.98\u0026ndash;4.22\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003e0.02\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e140(61.4%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e87(52.4%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e53(85.5%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eExperienced side effects from hypertensive medications\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e73(32%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e69(41.5%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e4(6.4%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e6.07\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.50-24.57\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003e0.01\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e155(68%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e97(58.4%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e58(93.5%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eBlood pressure is currently under control\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e173(75.8%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e118(71%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e55(88.7%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.57\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e55(24.1%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e48(29%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e7(11.2%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.71\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.22\u0026ndash;2.34\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eUse a BP monitor to check BP at home\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e126(55.2%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e77(46.4%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e49(79%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.12\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e102(44.7%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e89(53.6%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e13(21%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2.24\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.81\u0026ndash;6.23\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eTime of last BP check\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eWithin past month\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e155(67.9%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e100(60.2%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e55(88.7%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.10\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eMore than 1 month earlier\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e73(32.1%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e66(39.8%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e7(11.2%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2.47\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.82\u0026ndash;7.45\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eKnowledge of hypertension complications\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e99(43.4%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e55(33.1%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e44(70.9%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.19\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e129(56.6%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e111(66.8%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e18(29.1%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.96\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.71\u0026ndash;5.34\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eHospitalization in the last six months\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e96(42.1%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e72(43.4%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e24(38.7%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.34\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.12\u0026ndash;0.95\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003e0.04\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e132(57.9%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e94(56.6%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e38(61.2%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eCost of medicine\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eFree\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e20(8.7%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e14(8.4%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e6(9.6%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.96\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003ePay yourself\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e208(91.2%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e152(91.5%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e56(90.3%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.967\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.21\u0026ndash;4.46\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cbr/\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Hypertension, Antihypertensive medications, non-adherence","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5723517/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5723517/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eObjective\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo identify the factors influencing non-adherence to antihypertensive medications (AHMs) among patients at SGTH, Swat.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMethods\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on hypertensive patients at Saidu Group of Teaching Hospitals (SGTH), Swat, from October 10 to November 4, 2024. Data was collected by in-person interviews using a standardized questionnaire that included the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) to determine adherence. The statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25, and the factors influencing non-adherence were identified by logistic regression.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eResults\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA total of 228 patients participated in the study, with 117 (51.3%) female and 111 (48.7%) male participants, and a mean age of 55.35\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.65 years. The study found a high prevalence of non-adherence to AHMs, with 166 patients (72.8%) classified as non-adherent. Logistic regression analysis identified several factors associated with non-adherence, including low education levels, low to medium income, high cholesterol, depression, duration of hypertension, the complexity of medication regimens, side effects, and recent hospitalization.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eConclusion\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn conclusion, this study highlights a significant issue of non-adherence to AHMs among patients at SGTH, Swat. Contributing factors include low education, limited income, comorbidities, complex regimens, side effects, and recent hospitalization. Addressing these factors can help healthcare providers improve medication adherence and enhance patient outcomes.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Factors Influencing Non-Adherence to Antihypertensive Medications Among Patients at SGTH, Swat","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-12-30 16:31:23","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5723517/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"63788cbd-dedd-43fc-b0b0-07dcbb8ad3d2","owner":[],"postedDate":"December 30th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":42103434,"name":"Internal Medicine"},{"id":42103435,"name":"Clinical Pharmacology"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-12-30T16:31:23+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-12-30 16:31:23","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-5723517","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5723517","identity":"rs-5723517","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}