Research and Engineering Practice of Coupled Unloading and Supporting Prevention Rock Burst Technology of Hard Coal Seams in Ordos Region

Research and Engineering Practice of Coupled Unloading and Supporting Prevention Rock Burst Technology of Hard Coal Seams in Ordos Region | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Research and Engineering Practice of Coupled Unloading and Supporting Prevention Rock Burst Technology of Hard Coal Seams in Ordos Region XIE Jia-hao, DING Zi-wei, ZHU Guang-an, HAO Xiao-qi, JIA Jin-dui This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6120158/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 27 Oct, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 27 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Hard coal seams are important geological feature of rockburst in the Ordos region. In response to the poor pressure relief effect of conventional drilling in hard coal seams in the Ordos region, as well as the problems of high-density and multi round pressure relief and support failure, a non equal pressure stress field model for drilling was established. The mechanical analysis of the plastic zone radius in drilling was derived. This analysis revealed how the coal seam strength and drilling diameter affect the pressure relief effect of drilling. A "shallow support and deep pressure relief" hard coal seam unloading support coupling and expanding pressure relief technology was proposed. A 70m comparative industrial test was conducted on site, and the pressure relief and support effect was tested using methods such as coal powder monitoring, coal gun monitoring, stress monitoring, and surrounding rock deformation monitoring. The conclusion was drawn that: (1) The radius of the plastic zone in drilling is primarily influenced by coal seam strength and drilling deformation. The drilling diameter affects the strength of the coal seam. A smaller plastic zone radius is associated with a larger drilling diameter, while a larger plastic zone radius corresponds to a larger diameter as well. However, the increase in pressure relief effect diminishes as the diameter increases. Therefore, simply increasing the drilling diameter cannot indefinitely improve the pressure relief effect. (2) In terms of the pressure relief effect, the amount of coal powder produced in the expanded pressure relief zone has increased by 3.1 times compared to conventional drilling. The "coal cannon" events are concentrated in the 7-14m section of the coal wall, which can significantly release the accumulated elastic energy inside the coal body; After unloading, the peak stress of the coal body decreases, and the recovery rate becomes slower, which has a significant unloading effect on the concentrated static load area. (3) In terms of the support effect, during and after the pressure relief period of borehole expansion, the stress on the roof of the roadway and the anchor cables on the front wall is stable, and the stress on the anchor cables is lower than that of conventional drilling; In the course of the expansion and pressure relief phase, the maximum observed reduction in the lateral movement of the tunnel's two sides was 63%, while the maximum reduction in the vertical movement of the top and bottom plates reached 51%. The efficacy of this method in mitigating the deformation of the surrounding rock in the tunnel significantly surpasses that achieved through traditional large-diameter drilling techniques. (4) We have developed a complete set of anti-erosion technology and equipment based on mechanical drilling and pressure relief, forming an engineering demonstration. The research results can provide theoretical basis and engineering reference for mines with similar conditions in the Ordos region. (Fund Project: Project supported and financed by the Shaanxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 2024JC-YBMS-261); Corresponding author: DING Zi-wei; Corresponding author at: Xi 'an University of Science and Technology, Xi 'an, Shaanxi 710054, China. Tel: +86 13991812828. Email address of the corresponding author: [email protected] .) Earth and environmental sciences/Solid earth sciences/Mineralogy Earth and environmental sciences/Solid earth sciences/Petrology Ordos region Hard coal seam Impact ground pressure Unloading support coupling Mechanical reaming Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 27 Oct, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 24 Mar, 2025 Reviews received at journal 23 Mar, 2025 Reviews received at journal 22 Mar, 2025 Reviews received at journal 22 Mar, 2025 Reviews received at journal 21 Mar, 2025 Reviews received at journal 18 Mar, 2025 Reviews received at journal 18 Mar, 2025 Reviews received at journal 18 Mar, 2025 Reviews received at journal 15 Mar, 2025 Reviews received at journal 12 Mar, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 11 Mar, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 11 Mar, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 11 Mar, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 11 Mar, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 11 Mar, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 11 Mar, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 11 Mar, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 11 Mar, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 11 Mar, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 11 Mar, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 11 Mar, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 11 Mar, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 11 Mar, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 11 Mar, 2025 Editor invited by journal 11 Mar, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 07 Mar, 2025 First submitted to journal 27 Feb, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6120158","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":425499354,"identity":"00632005-fef6-4782-8e2f-6ff295418b2f","order_by":0,"name":"XIE Jia-hao","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Xi’an University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"XIE","middleName":"","lastName":"Jia-hao","suffix":""},{"id":425499355,"identity":"b2db8b7b-73ae-4f8f-9ee3-7c103479a043","order_by":1,"name":"DING Zi-wei","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA0ElEQVRIie3OMQuCQBTA8ScHTieuRqBf4cCx6LMUB7U0ODk7OYmz0Zco+gInb/dWoYZamoOWCIM0m/Xcgu4Px7uD94MD0Ol+MyYApt+7qU6W9SQDSH1wAPEyvsfgKRc7KQXcQgR7G3UTI1sGuEmPPit5/SgQnJPoJmS8ZmglR5eVBIgVIzBn3k3MlhSUSQTyUiG0IfQhXCY4EEOFON41QCvi/qjkLE+KFXXKHuIleLjTarZIZX45P8KJa2c95JMRt1M0P1XYb6oU93Q6ne4/ewNln0PE/ZtthgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Xi’an University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"DING","middleName":"","lastName":"Zi-wei","suffix":""},{"id":425499356,"identity":"5d36805d-62ba-4f9c-b901-270580dace32","order_by":2,"name":"ZHU Guang-an","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Xi’an University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"ZHU","middleName":"","lastName":"Guang-an","suffix":""},{"id":425499357,"identity":"9f140c15-8647-4909-9560-8019ca749771","order_by":3,"name":"HAO Xiao-qi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"China Coal Energy Research Institute Co., Ltd","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"HAO","middleName":"","lastName":"Xiao-qi","suffix":""},{"id":425499358,"identity":"61afb856-67eb-4800-893b-25b5e7bbc0bb","order_by":4,"name":"JIA Jin-dui","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Xi’an University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"JIA","middleName":"","lastName":"Jin-dui","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-02-27 10:38:23","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6120158/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6120158/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02002-1","type":"published","date":"2025-10-27T15:58:01+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":95040654,"identity":"50c23602-6cf8-4eef-aca7-2957bb38940e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-03 16:10:16","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1280729,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6120158/v1_covered_2e56935a-c6d4-4529-9d35-112015af755a.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Research and Engineering Practice of Coupled Unloading and Supporting Prevention Rock Burst Technology of Hard Coal Seams in Ordos Region","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Ordos region, Hard coal seam, Impact ground pressure, Unloading support coupling, Mechanical reaming","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6120158/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6120158/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eHard coal seams are important geological feature of rockburst in the Ordos region. In response to the poor pressure relief effect of conventional drilling in hard coal seams in the Ordos region, as well as the problems of high-density and multi round pressure relief and support failure, a non equal pressure stress field model for drilling was established. The mechanical analysis of the plastic zone radius in drilling was derived. This analysis revealed how the coal seam strength and drilling diameter affect the pressure relief effect of drilling. A \"shallow support and deep pressure relief\" hard coal seam unloading support coupling and expanding pressure relief technology was proposed. A 70m comparative industrial test was conducted on site, and the pressure relief and support effect was tested using methods such as coal powder monitoring, coal gun monitoring, stress monitoring, and surrounding rock deformation monitoring. The conclusion was drawn that: (1) The radius of the plastic zone in drilling is primarily influenced by coal seam strength and drilling deformation. The drilling diameter affects the strength of the coal seam. A smaller plastic zone radius is associated with a larger drilling diameter, while a larger plastic zone radius corresponds to a larger diameter as well. However, the increase in pressure relief effect diminishes as the diameter increases. Therefore, simply increasing the drilling diameter cannot indefinitely improve the pressure relief effect. (2) In terms of the pressure relief effect, the amount of coal powder produced in the expanded pressure relief zone has increased by 3.1 times compared to conventional drilling. The \"coal cannon\" events are concentrated in the 7-14m section of the coal wall, which can significantly release the accumulated elastic energy inside the coal body; After unloading, the peak stress of the coal body decreases, and the recovery rate becomes slower, which has a significant unloading effect on the concentrated static load area. (3) In terms of the support effect, during and after the pressure relief period of borehole expansion, the stress on the roof of the roadway and the anchor cables on the front wall is stable, and the stress on the anchor cables is lower than that of conventional drilling; In the course of the expansion and pressure relief phase, the maximum observed reduction in the lateral movement of the tunnel's two sides was 63%, while the maximum reduction in the vertical movement of the top and bottom plates reached 51%. The efficacy of this method in mitigating the deformation of the surrounding rock in the tunnel significantly surpasses that achieved through traditional large-diameter drilling techniques. (4) We have developed a complete set of anti-erosion technology and equipment based on mechanical drilling and pressure relief, forming an engineering demonstration. The research results can provide theoretical basis and engineering reference for mines with similar conditions in the Ordos region.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(Fund Project: Project supported and financed by the Shaanxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 2024JC-YBMS-261); Corresponding author: DING Zi-wei; Corresponding author at: Xi 'an University of Science and Technology, Xi 'an, Shaanxi 710054, China. Tel: +86 13991812828. 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