Income-related Inequality in Health Outcomes among Older People in China: Measurement and Decomposition Analysis

Income-related Inequality in Health Outcomes among Older People in China: Measurement and Decomposition Analysis | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Income-related Inequality in Health Outcomes among Older People in China: Measurement and Decomposition Analysis Yixiao Wang This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-136452/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background: The objective of this study is to examine income-related inequality in self-rated health and functional ability among older people in China, and to further examine the contribution of socioeconomic factors to health inequality. Methods: Data was drawn from the 2018 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. Concentration curves, concentration index, and decomposition analysis, well-established tools in developed countries, were employed to demonstrate income-related inequality in health among the sample. Results: The better-off are more likely to have better self-rated health, and are less likely to have functional limitations, compared to the worse-off. In addition, this inequality in health outcomes is mainly driven by socioeconomic factors, such as income and education, rather than demographic factors. Conclusion: There is a pressing need for the government to protect older people in lower socioeconomic status to reduce income-related inequality in health, such as cash transfers, and provide formal long-term care directly. Health Economics & Outcomes Research Health Policy income-related inequality self-rated health activities of daily living older people China Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Full Text Due to technical limitations, full-text HTML conversion of this manuscript could not be completed. However, the latest manuscript can be downloaded and accessed as a PDF. Supplementary Files Supplementaryfiles.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-136452","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":7117101,"identity":"be880955-51e2-4471-b6aa-632e1ebb3a91","order_by":0,"name":"Yixiao Wang","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABAklEQVRIiWNgGAWjYNACAwYeBgbGhgMJBjZAHmPjASK1MDc++FCQxgDWS6RV7M2GMz4cBjPxajE4fvbwa56CwzL87Y1t0jwG5+3Wth8G2lJjE41Ty5m8NGsegzQeiTMHQVpuJ287kwjUciwttwGHFrMDOWbGPAY2PAw3EiFazA4AtTA2HMat5fwbkBYJHnmIlnPJZucfEtByI8f4McgWgxuJQO8bHLAzu0HAFvsbb8wY5wD9YnjmIDCQDZITzG4AbUnA4xfJ/hzjD2/+HLaXO97+4EDCHzt7s/PpDx98qLHBqQUI2KR4kHiJYJUJuJWDAPPHH8guxa94FIyCUTAKRiIAAOfrZwFadeg7AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"King’s College London, London","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yixiao","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2020-12-26 17:05:16","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-136452/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-136452/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":4642314,"identity":"b488ee13-ad1c-444c-8426-a08325f631e9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-12-31 22:54:13","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":287704,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Standardized percentages for SRH and ADL ability by income quintile","description":"","filename":"Figure1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-136452/v1/0237654de7747240bd390f68.png"},{"id":4642315,"identity":"547e1b73-dbdc-4cbc-8e41-56944bd99f8c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-12-31 22:54:13","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":66099,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Concentration curves for standardized SRH ","description":"","filename":"Figure2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-136452/v1/2fd5cb09f515cca8a0c43eaf.png"},{"id":4642294,"identity":"43805ef2-6606-4aa9-9045-d4df2e718330","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-12-31 22:51:13","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":77375,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Concentration curves for standardized ADL ability","description":"","filename":"Figure3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-136452/v1/324dbe8b04de8af8843b127a.png"},{"id":13570639,"identity":"a0b55e68-789f-4c79-a87f-a6bc9e84c3f9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-17 03:44:30","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":711903,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-136452/v1_covered.pdf"},{"id":4642324,"identity":"376f8629-27d5-473a-ba76-699ea9b0a7ae","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-12-31 22:57:16","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1012085,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-136452/v1_stamped.pdf"},{"id":4642313,"identity":"6e5e8c9f-1821-4a0a-a41e-c1c3a4a12eda","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-12-31 22:54:13","extension":"docx","order_by":7,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":25264,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Supplementaryfiles.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-136452/v1/2eeeb4c7ea8f90b391f1b743.docx"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eIncome-related Inequality in Health Outcomes among Older People in China: Measurement and Decomposition Analysis\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"Full Text","content":"Due to technical limitations, full-text HTML conversion of this manuscript could not be completed. However, the latest manuscript can be downloaded and \u003ca href='/article/rs-136452/latest.pdf' target='_blank'\u003e accessed as a PDF.\u003c/a\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"income-related inequality, self-rated health, activities of daily living, older people, China","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-136452/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-136452/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground:\u003c/strong\u003e The objective of this study is to examine income-related inequality in self-rated health and functional ability among older people in China, and to further examine the contribution of socioeconomic factors to health inequality.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods:\u003c/strong\u003e Data was drawn from the 2018 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. Concentration curves, concentration index, and decomposition analysis, well-established tools in developed countries, were employed to demonstrate income-related inequality in health among the sample.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults:\u003c/strong\u003e The better-off are more likely to have better self-rated health, and are less likely to have functional limitations, compared to the worse-off. In addition, this inequality in health outcomes is mainly driven by socioeconomic factors, such as income and education, rather than demographic factors.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion:\u003c/strong\u003e There is a pressing need for the government to protect older people in lower socioeconomic status to reduce income-related inequality in health, such as cash transfers, and provide formal long-term care directly.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Income-related Inequality in Health Outcomes among Older People in China: Measurement and Decomposition Analysis","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2020-12-31 22:51:11","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-136452/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"ed8bc759-d159-444f-90ca-9ded41538ffb","owner":[],"postedDate":"December 31st, 2020","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":1677778,"name":"Health Economics \u0026 Outcomes Research"},{"id":1677779,"name":"Health Policy"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2021-04-01T18:32:15+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2020-12-31 22:51:11","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-136452","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-136452","identity":"rs-136452","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"J0_U0BvcaRcwD8yVFaRlm","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}