The quality of soybean (Glycine max L.) seed as affected at storage by packaging materials, temperatures and genotypes

The quality of soybean (Glycine max L.) seed as affected at storage by packaging materials, temperatures and genotypes | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article The quality of soybean ( Glycine max L. ) seed as affected at storage by packaging materials, temperatures and genotypes Delphine Mapiemfu-Lamare, Victorine Lombeko Obe Tomo, Blaise Tatah, and 4 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7766810/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 12 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Food insecurity is strongly influenced by post-harvest management constraints, particularly those limiting seed storability. This study evaluated the combined effects of packaging materials and storage temperatures on the conservation of soybean seed from five genotypes over 12 months. Two cold storage conditions (fridge at 3–5°C and deep freezer at − 18 to − 14°C) and three packaging materials (polypropylene bags, polyethylene bags, and paper envelopes) were tested under room storage. After six months, germination under room conditions declined to 62.3% (envelopes), 68.1% (polypropylene), and 90.1% (polyethylene). By 12 months, germination dropped to 0% in all room-stored samples, while fridge and deep freezer maintained 100% germination regardless of packaging. Insect damage appeared from the third month and increased progressively in all conditions, with no significant difference between cold and room storage. However, seed discoloration was significantly reduced under cold storage (3.0–11.0%) compared with room conditions (4.0–29.5%). Across all varieties, polypropylene bags showed higher discoloration than polyethylene and envelopes. Among the genotypes, S check medium TGX 1448-2E consistently exhibited lower discoloration across storage environments. Overall, cold storage in fridge or deep freezer effectively preserved seed viability and quality for at least 12 months, while polyethylene bags maintained acceptable germination and quality for up to 6 months at room temperature. These findings suggest that low-temperature storage and appropriate packaging are critical strategies to extend the shelf life of soybean seed and mitigate post-harvest losses. Cold storage Germinations Postharvest handling Room conditions and Seed quality Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 1 Introduction Soybean ( Glycine max ) ranks among the most widely cultivated grain legumes globally and plays a critical role in ensuring food security [ 1 ]. Its grains serve as a vital source of animal protein feed, nutritious human food [ 2 ], vegetable oil, and raw material across various industries [ 3 ]. In Cameroon, soybean production has experienced significant growth, increasing from 5,876 tons in 2000 to 12,544 tons in 2010, and reaching 108,752.9 tons in 2023 [ 4 ]. Despite Cameroon’s considerable agricultural potential—boasting five agro-ecological zones all conducive to soybean cultivation the country imports large quantities to meet local demand due to insufficient national production. This shortfall is primarily attributed to suboptimal agronomic practices, disease and pest pressures resulting in low yields [ 5 ] [ 4 ], as well as ineffective postharvest handling that contributes to considerable losses [ 6 ]. Within sub-Saharan African countries, smallholder farmers typically store grains, including seeds, for periods ranging from three to twelve months. Commonly, storage involves packaging in polypropylene bags kept under ambient room conditions [ 7 ]. Storage facilities often include living rooms, kitchens, or warehouses, which provide suboptimal protection. These conditions favor damage by insect pests, molds, and rodents [ 8 ]. Additionally, the tropical climate with its high temperatures and relative humidity further promotes the proliferation of pests and microorganisms in stored grains [ 9 ], leading to both qualitative and quantitative postharvest losses. The quality of soybean seed is a critical input factor that directly influences production and yield. In Cameroon, seed quality is often compromised, exhibiting low germination rates, poor health status, and lack of genetic purity. Soybean seeds also have limited shelf-life when stored at ambient tropical temperatures, with germination percentages declining rapidly. However, seed viability can be extended through storage at -20°C [ 10 ] or by employing appropriate packaging materials [ 11 ]; [ 6 ] recommend proper postharvest management practices including timely harvesting, drying seeds to 12–13% moisture content, and the use of improved storage technologies such as hermetic storage to preserve seed quality. Nonetheless, smallholder farmers rarely adopt these advanced methods, often relying on inexpensive, readily available materials such as polypropylene bags coupled with ambient storage environments. Despite existing recommendations for improved soybean seed storage, there is a notable gap in understanding how accessible packaging materials, the genetic variability among soybean genotypes, and cold storage conditions collectively influence seed viability and quality over time. Most smallholder farmers in Cameroon continue to rely on low-cost, ambient storage methods without clear guidance on optimizing seed preservation tailored to local genotypes and environmental conditions. Addressing this gap is essential to enhance seed longevity, improve crop yields, and reduce reliance on costly imports. This study is significant because it systematically evaluates the combined effects of genotype, packaging, and temperature on soybean seed storability under realistic conditions relevant to small-scale farmers. By identifying effective storage solutions that are both affordable and practical, the findings have the potential to inform better postharvest management strategies, contributing to increased national soybean production and strengthening food security in Cameroon and similar agro-ecological zones. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of three packaging materials under ambient storage conditions and two cold temperature regimes on the quality retention of soybean seeds from five genotypes. We hypothesize that (i) there is variability between the soybean genotype as related to seed storability, (ii) packaging material influence seed quality during storage, and (iii) cold storage will extend soybean seed shelf-life. 2 Materials and methods 2.1. Experimental site The experiment was conducted at the Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), Nkolbisson, Yaounde, Cameroon, between January 2018 and January 2019. The site is located at 3°51′54″ N, 11°27′39″ E, within a humid forest agro-ecological zone characterized by bimodal rainfall. The climate features a long rainy season (March–June), a short dry season (July–August), a short rainy season (September–November), and a long dry season (December–February). Meteorological data, including temperature, relative humidity (RH), and rainfall for the experimental period, were obtained from the Yaoundé meteorological station (Table 1 ). Additionally, ambient temperature and relative humidity were monitored during room storage using a digital thermo-hygrometer (model: Testo 608-H1, accuracy ± 0.5°C and ± 2% RH), and readings were taken daily. Table 1 Mean monthly temperatures, relative humidity and total monthly rainfall of Yaounde in 2018 and 2019 Month 2018 2019 Mean temperature (°C) Mean relative humidity (%) Total rainfall (mm) Mean temperature (°C) Mean relative humidity (%) Total rainfall (mm) January 27 92 7 28 94 19 February 28 94 134 28 94 66 March 27 94 227 28 93 170 April 27 93 175 28 93 303 May 26 96 289 27 96 382 June 25 97 213 25 98 255 July 24 97 292 24 98 208 August 24 97 232 24 96 151 September 25 97 356 24 99 349 October 25 96 488 24 98 339 November 26 94 178 25 96 179 December 27 92 27 27 92 18 Source: https://www.historique-meteo.net/afrique/cameroun/yaounde/2018-2019 2.2 Plant Material and Storage Materials Soybean seeds from five genotypes (S check early TGX 1485-1D, S check medium TGX 1448-2E, Local check TGX 1910-14F, Local check TGX 2011-7F, and TGX 2004-13F) were sourced from the International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Ibadan and produced at IRAD Mbalmayo during July–November 2018. Plants were harvested at physiological maturity, threshed, cleaned, and sun-dried to 11–13% moisture content. Three packaging materials were tested: polyethylene bags (16 µm thick), polypropylene bags, and paper envelopes. Polyethylene bags were heat-sealed using an electric sealing machine; polypropylene bags were stitched with a sewing machine, while paper envelopes were folded and sealed with adhesive tape. All storage packages measured approximately 30 cm × 23 cm. 2.3 Storage conditions Soybean seeds were stored under: Room conditions: 24–28°C, 70–90% RH and cold storage (Refrigerator at 3–5°C and deep freezer at − 18 to − 14°C). For each condition, 3 kg of seeds per genotype were packaged in the three types of materials. A completely randomized design (CRD) was applied with three replicates per treatment. The randomization of samples was performed using the RAND function in Microsoft Excel to minimize positional bias. 2.4 Data collection Evaluations were done after every three months during storage to determine the suitable packaging material under room conditions and cold temperatures for soybean seeds. To avoid using poor quality samples, destructive sampling was done in order to avoid manipulation of samples for instance under room conditions for the different tests and keeping them back in the fridge or deep freezer (de-froze the grains and re-froze them back). In addition, destructive sampling was suitable for the oven dry method used to test the moisture content, germination test, insects damaged grains and discolored grains. All evaluations were carried out in triplicates. 2.4.1 Seed moisture content Seed moisture content was determined by a low constant oven temperature method [ 12 ]. About 5 g of seed sample was taken at random from each treatment in two replicates, ground and dried in oven at 103 ± 1°C for about 17 hours till constant weight. The seed moisture content (%) was determined according to Eq. 1 and was expressed on a wet weight basis. $$\:\mathbf{M}\mathbf{o}\mathbf{i}\mathbf{s}\mathbf{t}\mathbf{u}\mathbf{r}\mathbf{e}\:\mathbf{c}\mathbf{o}\mathbf{n}\mathbf{t}\mathbf{e}\mathbf{n}\mathbf{t}\:\left(\mathbf{\%}\right)=\:\frac{\left(\mathbf{M}2-\mathbf{M}3\right)}{\left(\mathbf{M}2-\mathbf{M}1\right)}\:\:100\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\mathbf{E}\mathbf{q}\mathbf{u}\mathbf{a}\mathbf{t}\mathbf{i}\mathbf{o}\mathbf{n}\:1$$ Where M1 = weight of the container without seed (g), M2 = weight of the container + seed before drying (g), M3 = weight of the container and seed after drying (g). 2.4.2 Seed germination rate A sample of hundred (100) grains of soybean seeds sorted randomly for treatment was sterilized with 10% sodium hypochlorite and thereafter arranged separately in Petri dishes containing adequately moist paper tissue with distilled water, under normal laboratory conditions. The germination rates were assessed eight (8) days after the incubation and the total germination percentages computed according to Eq. 2 [ 13 ]. $$\:\mathbf{P}\mathbf{e}\mathbf{r}\mathbf{c}\mathbf{e}\mathbf{n}\mathbf{t}\mathbf{a}\mathbf{g}\mathbf{e}\:\mathbf{g}\mathbf{e}\mathbf{r}\mathbf{m}\mathbf{i}\mathbf{n}\mathbf{a}\mathbf{t}\mathbf{i}\mathbf{o}\mathbf{n}\:=\:\frac{\mathbf{N}\mathbf{u}\mathbf{m}\mathbf{b}\mathbf{e}\mathbf{r}\:\mathbf{o}\mathbf{f}\:\mathbf{g}\mathbf{e}\mathbf{r}\mathbf{m}\mathbf{i}\mathbf{n}\mathbf{a}\mathbf{t}\mathbf{e}\mathbf{d}\:\mathbf{g}\mathbf{r}\mathbf{a}\mathbf{i}\mathbf{n}\mathbf{s}}{\mathbf{T}\mathbf{o}\mathbf{t}\mathbf{a}\mathbf{l}\:\mathbf{n}\mathbf{u}\mathbf{m}\mathbf{b}\mathbf{e}\mathbf{r}\:\mathbf{o}\mathbf{f}\:\mathbf{g}\mathbf{r}\mathbf{a}\mathbf{i}\mathbf{n}\mathbf{s}}\:\:100\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\mathbf{E}\mathbf{q}\mathbf{u}\mathbf{a}\mathbf{t}\mathbf{i}\mathbf{o}\mathbf{n}\:2$$ 2.4.3 Insect damaged grains Insect damaged grains were evaluated from 100 g of each sample. This was weighed out and all the grains showing any sign of attack by insects were manually selected out using a hand lens. These grains were weighed using an electronic balance and the weight expressed as a percentage of insect damaged grains following Eq. 3. $$\:\mathbf{I}\mathbf{n}\mathbf{s}\mathbf{e}\mathbf{c}\mathbf{t}\:\mathbf{d}\mathbf{a}\mathbf{m}\mathbf{a}\mathbf{g}\mathbf{e}\mathbf{d}\:\mathbf{g}\mathbf{r}\mathbf{a}\mathbf{i}\mathbf{n}\mathbf{s}\:=\:\frac{\mathbf{W}\mathbf{e}\mathbf{i}\mathbf{g}\mathbf{h}\mathbf{t}\:\mathbf{o}\mathbf{f}\:\mathbf{d}\mathbf{a}\mathbf{m}\mathbf{a}\mathbf{g}\mathbf{e}\mathbf{d}\:\mathbf{g}\mathbf{r}\mathbf{a}\mathbf{i}\mathbf{n}\mathbf{s}}{\mathbf{T}\mathbf{o}\mathbf{t}\mathbf{a}\mathbf{l}\:\mathbf{w}\mathbf{e}\mathbf{i}\mathbf{g}\mathbf{h}\mathbf{t}\:\mathbf{o}\mathbf{f}\:\mathbf{g}\mathbf{r}\mathbf{a}\mathbf{i}\mathbf{n}\mathbf{s}}\:\:100\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\mathbf{E}\mathbf{q}\mathbf{u}\mathbf{a}\mathbf{t}\mathbf{i}\mathbf{o}\mathbf{n}\:3$$ 2.4.4 Additional viability test A tetrazolium test [ 12 ] was conducted on a sub-sample to confirm seed viability. Seeds were preconditioned in moist paper towels for 18 h at 25°C, bisected, and soaked in 1% 2, 3, 5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride solution at 40°C for 3 h in darkness. Seeds showing red-stained embryos were considered viable. A seedling vigor index (SVI) was also calculated using the formula: $$\:\mathbf{S}\mathbf{V}\mathbf{I}=\mathbf{G}\mathbf{e}\mathbf{r}\mathbf{m}\mathbf{i}\mathbf{n}\mathbf{a}\mathbf{t}\mathbf{i}\mathbf{o}\mathbf{n}\:\mathbf{p}\mathbf{e}\mathbf{r}\mathbf{c}\mathbf{e}\mathbf{n}\mathbf{t}\mathbf{a}\mathbf{g}\mathbf{e}\times\:\mathbf{M}\mathbf{e}\mathbf{a}\mathbf{n}\:\mathbf{s}\mathbf{e}\mathbf{e}\mathbf{d}\mathbf{l}\mathbf{i}\mathbf{n}\mathbf{g}\:\mathbf{l}\mathbf{e}\mathbf{n}\mathbf{g}\mathbf{t}\mathbf{h}\:\left(\mathbf{c}\mathbf{m}\right)\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\mathbf{E}\mathbf{q}\mathbf{u}\mathbf{a}\mathbf{t}\mathbf{i}\mathbf{o}\mathbf{n}\:4$$ 2.4.5 Insect damage and identification Insect-damaged grains were assessed from a 100 g sample per replicate. Damaged grains were manually separated using a hand lens and expressed as a percentage of the total sample weight. Insects observed in storage were collected and identified to species level using morphological keys [ 14 ], enabling recommendations for pest management strategies. 2.4.6 Discolored grains Discolored grains were evaluated from a sample of 100 g of soybean grains. Soybean grains presenting any yellow, black or purple color, visualized under magnifying glass were manually selected from the normal grains and weighed using an electronic balance. Discolored soybean grains were expressed as a percentage, according to Eq. 5. $$\:\mathbf{P}\mathbf{e}\mathbf{r}\mathbf{c}\mathbf{e}\mathbf{n}\mathbf{t}\mathbf{a}\mathbf{g}\mathbf{e}\:\mathbf{d}\mathbf{i}\mathbf{s}\mathbf{c}\mathbf{o}\mathbf{l}\mathbf{o}\mathbf{r}\mathbf{e}\mathbf{d}\:\mathbf{g}\mathbf{r}\mathbf{a}\mathbf{i}\mathbf{n}\mathbf{s}\:=\:\frac{\mathbf{W}\mathbf{e}\mathbf{i}\mathbf{g}\mathbf{h}\mathbf{t}\:\mathbf{o}\mathbf{f}\:\mathbf{d}\mathbf{i}\mathbf{s}\mathbf{c}\mathbf{o}\mathbf{l}\mathbf{o}\mathbf{r}\mathbf{e}\mathbf{d}\:\mathbf{g}\mathbf{r}\mathbf{a}\mathbf{i}\mathbf{n}\mathbf{s}\:}{\mathbf{T}\mathbf{o}\mathbf{t}\mathbf{a}\mathbf{l}\:\mathbf{w}\mathbf{e}\mathbf{i}\mathbf{g}\mathbf{h}\mathbf{t}\:\mathbf{o}\mathbf{f}\:\mathbf{t}\mathbf{h}\mathbf{e}\:\mathbf{s}\mathbf{a}\mathbf{m}\mathbf{p}\mathbf{l}\mathbf{e}}\:\:100\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\mathbf{E}\mathbf{q}\mathbf{u}\mathbf{a}\mathbf{t}\mathbf{i}\mathbf{o}\mathbf{n}\:5$$ 2.5 Data analysis Data were tested for normality (Kolmogorov–Smirnov) and homogeneity of variances (Levene’s test). A multifactorial ANOVA (MANOVA) was conducted to evaluate the effects of storage condition, packaging material, and genotype on all parameters. When significant differences were detected (P < 0.05), means were compared using Tukey’s HSD test at 5% significance level. Correlation analyses were performed to assess relationships among germination, moisture content, and insect damage. All statistical analyses were conducted in SPSS (v25) and R (v4.3.1). Sample size justification: Power analysis using G*Power indicated that three replicates per treatment provided > 80% power to detect medium effect sizes (f = 0.25) at α = 0.05 for ANOVA. 3 Results 3.1. Interaction between Storage Conditions and Soybean Varieties on Seed Quality Multivariate analysis revealed that storage conditions and soybean varieties interact significantly, influencing germination rates at 3, 6, and 9 months after storage. This interaction also affected the incidence of insect damage and grain discoloration consistently across 3, 6, 9, and 12 months (Table 2 ). These findings highlight that both the type of soybean and how it's stored play crucial roles in maintaining seed quality over time. Table 2 Interactive effects of storage conditions and varieties on germination, insect damaged grains and discolored grains of soybean seed Germination (%) Insect damaged grains Discolored grains Source of variation Storage period F Sig. F Sig. F Sig. Storage condition * Variety 0 months / / / / / / 3 months 1.9 * 4.8 *** 5.3 *** 6 months 40.7 *** 2.2 * 6.9 *** 9 months 179.4 *** 5.6 *** 7.6 *** 12 months 0.0 NS 5.4 *** 6.2 *** Storage condition 0 months / / / / / / 3 months 39.3 *** 17.5 *** 37.4 *** 6 months 158.4 *** 8.5 *** 42.3 *** 9 months 3199.2 *** 4.7 ** 45.9 *** 12 months 1.9 *** 5.4 ** 89.8 *** Variety 0 months / / / / / / 3 months 1.4 NS 18.2 *** 11.9 *** 6 months 11.9 *** 16.6 *** 16.7 *** 9 months 321.5 *** 30.8 *** 37.3 *** 12 months 0.0 NS 30.7 *** 47.7 *** * Denotes statistical significance at the 5% level; ** Denotes statistical significance at the 1% level; *** Denotes statistical significance at the 0.1% level, while ‘/’ means zero variation. 3.2 Impact of storage conditions and packaging on seed moisture content Across all treatments, soybean seed moisture content decreased significantly over the storage period (P < 0.05). The most pronounced moisture loss occurred in seeds stored at room temperature in envelopes, dropping from 12.71% to 10.53%. In contrast, seeds kept in cold storage, particularly in the fridge, experienced the smallest reduction, from 12.31% to 11.59% over 12 months (Fig. 1 ). This suggests that cooler storage helps preserve seed moisture better, which is critical for maintaining seed viability. 3.3 Effects on germination rates over time At the start, all five soybean varieties had a perfect germination rate of 100%. After three months, germination remained stable across varieties (P > 0.05), but storage conditions began to show an effect. Seeds stored in cold environments either fridge or deep freezer retained 100% germination. Under room temperature, seeds in polyethylene bags maintained higher germination rates compared to polypropylene or envelopes, notably for varieties 1 and 3 (Table 3 ). By six months, differences became more pronounced. Cold storage continued to support high germination (99–100% in the fridge, 92–100% in the deep freezer). Seeds stored at room temperature showed variable germination rates depending on packaging: polyethylene bags outperformed polypropylene and envelopes, though some varieties like S check early TGX 1485-1D were exceptions. This underscores the protective role of cold storage and certain packaging materials over extended periods. At nine months, germination rates under cold storage remained high (96.3–100%), while room temperature storage saw marked declines, especially in polypropylene and envelope packaging. Polyethylene bags continued to offer better protection, though germination still dropped significantly compared to cold conditions. After a full year, seeds stored in the fridge or deep freezer maintained 100% germination across all varieties. In sharp contrast, seeds stored at room temperature lost germination entirely, regardless of packaging type. This stark difference confirms that cold storage is essential for preserving soybean seed viability over long periods. Table 3 Effect of storage conditions and packaging materials on soybean seeds germination of five varieties 0MAS 3MAS Variety 1 Variety 2 Variety 3 Variety 4 Variety 5 Variety 1 Variety 2 Variety 3 Variety 4 Variety 5 Fridge 100 ± 0aA 100 ± 0aA 100 ± 0aA 100 ± 0aA 100 ± 0aA 100 ± 0aA 100 ± 0aA 100 ± 0aA 100 ± 0aA 100 ± 0aA Polypropylene 100 ± 0aA 100 ± 0aA 100 ± 0aA 100 ± 0aA 100 ± 0aA 74.7 ± 3.1cA 86.7 ± 9.0aA 73 ± 9.6bA 85.3 ± 5.9bA 82.7 ± 2.5aA Polyethylene 100 ± 0aA 100 ± 0aA 100 ± 0aA 100 ± 0aA 100 ± 0aA 93.3 ± 2.1bAB 93.3 ± 1.5aAB 92.7 ± 6.7aAB 84.7 ± 5.0bB 97 ± 2.7aA Envelope 100 ± 0aA 100 ± 0aA 100 ± 0aA 100 ± 0aA 100 ± 0aA 92.3 ± 3.5bA 86.7 ± 6.4aA 90 ± 5.3aA 88 ± 9.8abA 95 ± 4.4aA Deep Freezer 100 ± 0aA 100 ± 0aA 100 ± 0aA 100 ± 0aA 100 ± 0aA 100 ± 0aA 100 ± 0aA 100 ± 0aA 100 ± 0aA 100 ± 0aA 6MAS 9MAS Variety 1 Variety 2 Variety 3 Variety 4 Variety 5 Variety 1 Variety 2 Variety 3 Variety 4 Variety 5 Fridge 99 ± 0aA 100 ± 0aA 99 ± 0aA 99 ± 0aA 99 ± 0aA 99.3 ± 0.6aA 96.3 ± 0.6aB 100 ± 0aA 100 ± 0aA 96.7 ± 0.6aB Polypropylene 76 ± 0eA 43.7 ± 18.5bB 81.3 ± 0.6cA 81.3 ± 0.6cA 95.7 ± 0.6bA 51 ± 1eB 31.3 ± 0.6dD 29 ± 1bE 41 ± 1bC 60 ± 1bA Polyethylene 78.7 ± 0.6dE 98.3 ± 0.6aB 89.3 ± 0.6bC 84.7 ± 0.6bD 99.7 ± 0.6aA 80.7 ± 6.4cA 87.7 ± 0.6bA 30.7 ± 3.1bB 42.7 ± 2.5bB 62 ± 2bB Envelope 89.3 ± 0.6cB 91.7 ± 0.6aA 69 ± 1dC 18.7 ± 1.2dE 42.7 ± 0.6cD 64.3 ± 0.6dA 65 ± 1cA 26.7 ± 4.2bC 17 ± 1cD 39 ± 1cB Deep Freezer 92.3 ± 0.6bB 98.3 ± 0.6aAB 100 ± 0aA 100 ± 0aA 96.7 ± 2.1bB 89.3 ± 0.6bC 96.3 ± 0.6aB 100 ± 0aA 100 ± 0aA 95.3 ± 1.5aB 12MAS Variety 1 Variety 2 Variety 3 Variety 4 Variety 5 Fridge 100 ± 0aA 100 ± 0aA 100 ± 0aA 100 ± 0aA 100 ± 0aA Polypropylene 0 ± 0bA 0 ± 0bA 0 ± 0bA 0 ± 0bA 0 ± 0bA Polyethylene 0 ± 0bA 0 ± 0bA 0 ± 0bA 0 ± 0bA 0 ± 0bA Envelope 0 ± 0bA 0 ± 0bA 0 ± 0bA 0 ± 0bA 0 ± 0bA Deep Freezer 100 ± 0aA 100 ± 0aA 100 ± 0aA 100 ± 0aA 100 ± 0aA Small letters show significance across packaging materials, down the rows, and large letters compare the different varieties, across the columns. Variety1 = S check early TGX 1485-1D, variety 2 = S check medium TGX 1448-2E, variety 3 = Local check TGX 1910-14F, variety 4 = Local check TGX 2011-7F, variety 5 = TGX 2004-13F 3.4 Insect presence and damage Insect activity was minimal overall. Only a single insect was detected at 9 and 12 months in samples stored in envelopes and polypropylene bags, with no insects found in polyethylene-packaged seeds or those kept in cold storage (Fig. 2 ). Before storage, no insect damage was observed. After three months, insect damage remained very low (0–0.5%) across varieties and storage conditions, with a slight exception for S check early TGX 1485-1D in polyethylene bags (0.9%). Six months in, insect damage was absent in most varieties under fridge conditions and low in the deep freezer. Room temperature storage showed slightly higher damage, particularly for S check early TGX 1485-1D packaged in polyethylene bags (4.3%). By nine months, cold storage effectively limited insect damage for some varieties, while room temperature saw increased damage levels. At twelve months, cold storage generally controlled insect damage better than room conditions, though this was not consistent across all varieties. 3.5 Grain discoloration trends No discoloration was detected before storage. After three months, discoloration levels were significantly lower in cold storage compared to room temperature, where polypropylene bags showed the highest discoloration rates. Polyethylene packaging consistently resulted in less discoloration under room conditions, particularly for certain varieties (Table 3 ). At six months, cold-stored seeds continued to show low discoloration, while room temperature storage, especially in polypropylene bags, saw increased discoloration up to 10.2% in some varieties. Envelopes and polyethylene bags had moderate discoloration levels, with little difference between them. By nine months, discoloration rose across all storage conditions but remained significantly lower in cold storage. Polypropylene bags again showed higher discoloration under room conditions, with some varieties reaching up to 16.6%. After twelve months, seeds in the fridge and deep freezer maintained comparatively low discoloration (4.2–11%), while those stored at room temperature experienced much higher discoloration, particularly in polypropylene bags (up to 29.5%). Polyethylene and envelopes performed better but still showed increased discoloration compared to cold storage. Notably, S check medium TGX 1448-2E consistently recorded the lowest discoloration across all conditions over the entire storage period. Together, these results illustrate that cold storage environments, especially when combined with polyethylene packaging, play a crucial role in preserving soybean seed quality by maintaining moisture, reducing insect damage, limiting discoloration, and sustaining germination rates over a year. In contrast, room temperature storage leads to rapid declines in seed viability and quality regardless of packaging, though polyethylene offers some mitigation compared to other materials. Table 4 Effect of storage conditions and packaging materials on insect damaged grains of five soybean varieties 0MAS 3MAS Variety 1 Variety 2 Variety 3 Variety 4 Variety 5 Variety 1 Variety 2 Variety 3 Variety 4 Variety 5 Fridge 0 ± 0aA 0 ± 0aA 0 ± 0aA 0 ± 0aA 0 ± 0aA 0 ± 0bA 0 ± 0aA 0 ± 0aA 0 ± 0aA 0 ± 0bA Polypropylene 0 ± 0aA 0 ± 0aA 0 ± 0aA 0 ± 0aA 0 ± 0aA 0.3 ± 0.3bA 0 ± 0aA 0.2 ± 0.2aA 0.1 ± 0.1aA 0.1 ± 0.1abA Polyethylene 0 ± 0aA 0 ± 0aA 0 ± 0aA 0 ± 0aA 0 ± 0aA 0.9 ± 0.3aA 0.1 ± 0.1aB 0.1 ± 0.1aB 0.1 ± 0.1aB 0.3 ± 0.2aB Envelope 0 ± 0aA 0 ± 0aA 0 ± 0aA 0 ± 0aA 0 ± 0aA 0.5 ± 0.1abA 0.1 ± 0.1aA 0.1 ± 0.1aA 0 ± 0aA 0.1 ± 0.2abA Deep Freezer 0 ± 0aA 0 ± 0aA 0 ± 0aA 0 ± 0aA 0 ± 0aA 0 ± 0bA 0 ± 0aA 0 ± 0aA 0 ± 0aA 0 ± 0bA 6MAS 9MAS Variety 1 Variety 2 Variety 3 Variety 4 Variety 5 Variety 1 Variety 2 Variety 3 Variety 4 Variety 5 Fridge 1.3 ± 2.3abA 0 ± 0aA 0 ± 0aA 0 ± 0aA 0 ± 0cA 3.5 ± 0.5bABC 1.5 ± 0.31aC 3.8 ± 0.6aAB 2.8 ± 0.2bcBC 5.6 ± 1.8aA Polypropylene 2.2 ± 0.5abA 0.5 ± 0.2aB 1.4 ± 1.1aAB 0.4 ± 0.4aB 1.4 ± 0.4abAB 4.1 ± 0.2abAB 2.7 ± 0.5aBC 2.7 ± 0.9aBC 1.7 ± 0.5cC 4.8 ± 0.7aA Polyethylene 4.3 ± 1.9aA 1.1 ± 1.0aB 0.4 ± 0.4aB 0.4 ± 0.2aB 1.9 ± 0.5aB 6.4 ± 2.2aA 1.4 ± 0.7aB 1.7 ± 0.4aB 1.7 ± 0.4cB 5.3 ± 0.7aA Envelope 2.4 ± 0.2abA 0.8 ± 0.5aB 0.3 ± 0.4aB 0.4 ± 0.4aB 0.8 ± 0.7bcB 4.4 ± 0.6abA 1.7 ± 0.6aB 2.3 ± 1.4aB 4.7 ± 0.31aA 5.6 ± 0.7aA Deep Freezer 0.6 ± 0.2cA 0 ± 0aA 1.2 ± 1.2aA 0 ± 0aA 0.1 ± 0.2cA 2.9 ± 0.3bA 1.4 ± 0.6aA 3.9 ± 2.1aA 4.1 ± 1.3abA 2 ± 0.7bA 12MAS Variety 1 Variety 2 Variety 3 Variety 4 Variety 5 Fridge 3.5 ± 0.5bABC 1.5 ± 0.3aC 3.9 ± 0.4aAB 2.8 ± 0.2bcBC 5.6 ± 1.8aA Polypropylene 4.1 ± 0.2abAB 2.7 ± 0.5aBC 2.7 ± 1.0aBC 1.7 ± 0.5cC 4.8 ± 0.7aA Polyethylene 6.4 ± 2.2aA 1.6 ± 0.9aB 1.7 ± 0.4aB 1.9 ± 0.6cB 5.3 ± 0.7aA Envelope 5 ± 0.8abA 1.7 ± 0.6aB 2.3 ± 1.4aB 4.7 ± 0.3aA 5.6 ± 0.7aA Deep Freezer 2.9 ± 0.3bA 1.4 ± 0.6aA 3.9 ± 2.1aA 4.1 ± 1.3abA 2 ± 0.7bA Small letters show significance across packaging materials, down the rows, and large letters compare the different varieties, across the columns. Variety1 = S check early TGX 1485-1D, variety 2 = S check medium TGX 1448-2E, variety 3 = Local check TGX 1910-14F, variety 4 = Local check TGX 2011-7F, variety 5 = TGX 2004-13F Table 5 Effect of storage containers on the number of discolored grains in four stored soybean varieties 0MAS 3MAS Variety 1 Variety 2 Variety 3 Variety 4 Variety 5 Variety 1 Variety 2 Variety 3 Variety 4 Variety 5 Fridge 0 ± 0aA 0 ± 0aA 0 ± 0aA 0 ± 0aA 0 ± 0aA 0.5 ± 0.2cA 0.3 ± 0.1aA 0.4 ± 0.4bA 0.2 ± 0.1cA 0.3 ± 0.3bA Polypropylene 0 ± 0aA 0 ± 0aA 0 ± 0aA 0 ± 0aA 0 ± 0aA 6.2 ± 0.5aA 1.5 ± 1.0aB 6.9 ± 1.1aA 7.3 ± 1.4aA 3.1 ± 2.1abB Polyethylene 0 ± 0aA 0 ± 0aA 0 ± 0aA 0 ± 0aA 0 ± 0aA 3.8 ± 1.0bA 0.4 ± 0.4aA 4.9 ± 2.8aA 3.4 ± 2.9bcA 3.9 ± 0.7aA Envelope 0 ± 0aA 0 ± 0aA 0 ± 0aA 0 ± 0aA 0 ± 0aA 2.8 ± 0.2bB 0.7 ± 0.7aC 5 ± 0.7aA 4.6 ± 0.6abA 2.4 ± 1.5abBC Deep Freezer 0 ± 0aA 0 ± 0aA 0 ± 0aA 0 ± 0aA 0 ± 0aA 0.2 ± 0.2cA 0.2 ± 0.1aA 0.5 ± 0.2bA 0.4 ± 0.4cA 0.2 ± 0.1bA 6MAS 9MAS Variety 1 Variety 2 Variety 3 Variety 4 Variety 5 Variety 1 Variety 2 Variety 3 Variety 4 Variety 5 Fridge 1.1 ± 0.6cA 0.8 ± 0.4aA 1.4 ± 0.5cA 0.8 ± 0.1cA 0.9 ± 0.3cA 3.8 ± 0.6dA 1.8 ± 0.2aB 3.2 ± 0.8cAB 4.6 ± 1.1bA 3.7 ± 0.9bAB Polypropylene 10.2 ± 1.9aA 2.2 ± 0.9aC 10 ± 2.2aA 9 ± 1.5aAB 5.8 ± 1.2aB 16.6 ± 1.7aA 3.8 ± 0.3aC 14.5 ± 1.5aA 15.2 ± 2.8aA 9.3 ± 1.3aB Polyethylene 6.2 ± 1.3bA 1.2 ± 0.4aA 6 ± 2.8bA 4.1 ± 3.3bcA 4.9 ± 1.0aA 12.6 ± 1.5bA 2.8 ± 0.3aB 10.5 ± 2.bA 10.4 ± 5.5abA 8.4 ± 1.1aAB Envelope 3.8 ± 1bcAB 1.6 ± 0.6aB 5.8 ± 0.7bA 6.1 ± 1.2abA 3.7 ± 1.5abAB 7.6 ± 1.4cA 3.3 ± 0.9aB 10 ± 1.7bA 8.4 ± 0.7abA 7.7 ± 2.2aA Deep Freezer 1 ± 0.3cBC 0.7 ± 0.4aC 2.5 ± 0.7bcA 2.2 ± 0.6bcAB 1.6 ± 0.4bcABC 5.2 ± 1.4cdA 1.8 ± 1.5aB 4.3 ± 0.4cA 5.4 ± 0.7bA 3.2 ± 0.3bAB 12MAS Variety 1 Variety 2 Variety 3 Variety 4 Variety 5 Fridge 6.2 ± 1.0dB 4.2 ± 0.3bB 5.6 ± 0.8cB 11.0 ± 1.5bA 7.4 ± 2.2cB Polypropylene 25.4 ± 0.4aAB 12.2 ± 3.0aC 21.5 ± 2.8aB 29.5 ± 2.6aA 20.2 ± 1.4aB Polyethylene 18.1 ± 1.9bA 4.0 ± 0.3bB 14.9 ± 0.6bA 16.1 ± 8.1bA 13.1 ± 1.7bA Envelope 10.1 ± 0.8cB 6.1 ± 0.5b 13.6 ± 0.5bB 17.5 ± 3.1bA 12.1 ± 1.4bB Deep Freezer 8 ± 0.3cdAB 3.0 ± 1.1bC 6.3 ± 0.4cB 9.4 ± 2.2bA 5.8 ± 0.9cB Small letters show significance across packaging materials, down the rows, and large letters compare the different varieties, across the columns. Variety1 = S check early TGX 1485-1D, variety 2 = S check medium TGX 1448-2E, variety 3 = Local check TGX 1910-14F, variety 4 = Local check TGX 2011-7F, variety 5 = TGX 2004-13F 4 Discussion The parameters examined did not follow a simple linear trend over the storage period within each treatment group. This is largely due to the destructive sampling method employed, which prevented the use of the same sample for repeated tests over time. A clear and consistent decline in moisture content was observed across all storage conditions. This decline reflects the natural water loss typical of hygroscopic grains during storage. Moisture in such grains tends to equilibrate with ambient relative humidity, particularly when packaging materials are semi-permeable, allowing moisture exchange between seeds and air [ 15 ] [ 16 ]. Among the storage conditions tested, soybean seeds stored in a refrigerator retained moisture most effectively, showing the smallest decrease over time [ 17 ]. Seeds stored in a deep freezer exhibited intermediate moisture loss, likely due to slow sublimation of internal water, which can cause gradual grain desiccation [ 18 ]. In contrast, seeds stored at ambient temperatures in polyethylene bags and paper envelopes experienced more substantial moisture reductions, especially after six months. It is generally acknowledged that the use of plastics can create specific conditions where reduced gas exchange favors recurrent cycles of condensation and reabsorption. Paper envelopes, offering minimal humidity protection, are unsuitable for long-term seed storage [ 19 ]. Cold storage conditions both refrigerator and deep freezer demonstrated superior performance in maintaining soybean seed germination compared to room temperature, regardless of packaging or variety. This aligns with previous research highlighting low temperatures’ role in suppressing metabolic activity and preserving viability [ 20 ] ; [ 10 ]; [ 21 ]. The extended viability under cold conditions supports the idea that low temperatures prolong shelf life by slowing deterioration processes. Soybean seeds typically have a short shelf life, especially under tropical ambient conditions, losing viability rapidly after about seven months[ 10 ]. Our results emphasize the importance of cold storage for preserving seed quality beyond this period, with germination rates remaining above 96% after 12 months in cold storage. Conversely, room temperature storage resulted in a steady decline to unacceptable germination levels (< 70%) by six months in polypropylene and envelope packaging. Polyethylene bags provided relatively better protection at room temperature for up to six months, likely by reducing moisture exchange [ 22 ], but were insufficient for longer durations, with germination dropping to zero at 12 months regardless of packaging. The decline in germination under room conditions is probably driven by ongoing metabolic and oxidative damage [ 23 ], pointing to the limitations of these packaging materials without temperature control for long-term storage. Significant varietal differences in storability were observed. The TGX 2004-13F variety maintained higher viability than others when stored at room temperature in polyethylene bags. This supports the hypothesis that genetic factors influence seed storability and highlights the need for breeding programs to focus on storage tolerance [ 24 ]; [ 25 ]; [ 20 ]. Insect infestation was minimal throughout storage, with no insects detected in cold-stored samples. Minor insect damage appeared in room temperature samples after three months, suggesting latent infestations from undetected eggs or larvae at storage onset [ 26 ]. Low insect damage under cold storage aligns with previous studies, as low temperatures inhibit pest metabolism and reproduction [ 27 ]; [ 28 ]. In contrast, room temperature storage in polyethylene bags showed increased insect damage over time, likely due to microclimatic conditions favorable to pests [ 22 ] Varietal susceptibility to insect damage also varied, with TGX 1485-1D consistently more affected, possibly due to seed coat or chemical composition differences [ 24 ]. Grain discoloration increased over time in all treatments but was significantly higher under room conditions. Discoloration is largely attributed to microbial activity, especially fungi thriving in warm, humid tropical climates [ 29 ], as supported by the local weather data in Table 1 . Cold storage suppressed discoloration, likely by limiting microbial and metabolic activities [ 30 ]; [ 31 ]. Packaging also influenced discoloration; polyethylene bags offered better protection than polypropylene and paper envelopes, probably due to superior moisture barriers [ 32 ]. Among varieties, TGX 1448-2E showed the greatest resistance to discoloration across all conditions, indicating inherent physiological stability and differences in genotype storability [ 31 ]; [ 10 ]. Overall, these results underscore the importance of combining cold storage with appropriate packaging particularly polyethylene to maintain soybean seed quality by preserving moisture, limiting insect damage, reducing discoloration, and sustaining germination over extended periods. 5 Conclusions This study confirms that both packaging type and storage environment critically affect soybean seed quality preservation. Cold storage, either refrigeration or deep freezing effectively extends the naturally short shelf life of soybean seeds by maintaining high germination rates and minimizing insect damage and discoloration. After 12 months in cold storage, germination rates remained above 96%, with negligible pest and discoloration issues. Room temperature storage limits seed viability, with polyethylene packaging providing some benefit for up to six months but failing to preserve quality beyond this period. Varietal differences were evident, with some genotypes showing greater tolerance to adverse storage conditions, highlighting the role of genetics in seed resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses. Maintaining seed quality during long-term storage demands not only environmental control but also suitable packaging and the selection of storage-tolerant varieties. In tropical regions, investment in cold storage infrastructure is essential, while polyethylene packaging offers a partial short-term solution. The interaction between storage conditions and soybean varieties significantly influenced germination, insect damage, and discoloration over time, emphasizing that both genetic and environmental factors determine seed quality outcomes. Moisture content consistently declined during storage, with cold conditions preserving moisture better than room temperature, reinforcing the critical role of moisture management in seed viability. Germination rates remained stable in cold storage but declined markedly in room temperature conditions, especially in less protective packaging. Insect damage was minimal but increased under room temperature storage, with varietal susceptibility evident. Grain discoloration was largely controlled by cold storage and polyethylene packaging, with varietal differences in susceptibility. Declarations Acknowledgements We sincerely extend our gratitude to the Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) Nkolbisson, Yaounde, Cameroon for the allocation of land for the experiment and other facilities and the Ministry of Higher Education of Cameroon for their support through the allowance relating to the Special Account, for the Modernization of University Research in Cameroon. Author contributions DML, VLOT and MHA conceptualized the study and drafted the manuscript, TBN, conducted data analyses, VLOT, DCTE, DML, CS and FAN coordinated the study and manuscript preparation. All authors read and approved the final manuscript draft. Funding No fund was received for this study. Data availability Data that are not presented in this article can be made available on request. Ethics approval and consent to participate Not applicable. Plant guidelines The authors confirm that the use of plants in the present study complies with international, national and/or institutional guidelines. Permissions to collect the plants/plant parts All plant specimens collected with permissions. Source of the plant used in your study All plants seeds name and the source of them are in the Methods section. Consent for publication Not applicable. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests. References Dilawari R, Kaur N, Priyadarshi N. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7766810","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":546346970,"identity":"d57879cf-683d-4794-9035-f3eb64c49bb5","order_by":0,"name":"Delphine Mapiemfu-Lamare","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Buea, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Delphine","middleName":"","lastName":"Mapiemfu-Lamare","suffix":""},{"id":546346971,"identity":"95bd9804-0205-4f13-9d00-b11e1e16ee28","order_by":1,"name":"Victorine Lombeko Obe Tomo","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA7ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACZiBkKGBgMGBgY2D4wMCQABL8QFiLAUQL4wyIFhBNQBNMCzMPMVoMjjM/NuYxsIk2Z29LfGzbZpfHz97A2FyBT8thNuNkHoO03J09xw4b57YlF0v2HGBsPINHi2QzD/NhHoPDuRtupLdJ57YxJ264kcD+sIEoLfeft0lbttWDtDA24tPCz8zDnAyxhe2YNGPbYWK0sBkbzgH7JS3ZsOfc8cSZPQcb8Wph4z/8WOJNhU3udvZjhg9+lFUn9rM3H8SrBQSYeGAsRjYwSUgDUMkPOPMPQcWjYBSMglEwAgEAQGhOS6IXOcwAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Institute of Agricultural Research for Development","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Victorine","middleName":"Lombeko Obe","lastName":"Tomo","suffix":""},{"id":546346972,"identity":"e233cba4-77b5-42ed-bb75-1a5ea926cc17","order_by":2,"name":"Blaise Tatah","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Buea, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Blaise","middleName":"","lastName":"Tatah","suffix":""},{"id":546346977,"identity":"bb5274d0-4f90-4c50-9016-8b84181a7483","order_by":3,"name":"Danielle Christelle Tinak Ekom","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Institute of Agricultural Research for Development","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Danielle","middleName":"Christelle Tinak","lastName":"Ekom","suffix":""},{"id":546346978,"identity":"dcba95a7-3e75-4766-912a-d50cb08c1b58","order_by":4,"name":"Christopher Suh","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, IITA-DRC. C/Gombe","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Christopher","middleName":"","lastName":"Suh","suffix":""},{"id":546346981,"identity":"7f0f03b7-2800-4b71-9af6-86da7f515455","order_by":5,"name":"Mbah Harry Agwa","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Buea, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mbah","middleName":"Harry","lastName":"Agwa","suffix":""},{"id":546346982,"identity":"bf06cbff-d57a-494e-939f-fede8fe21b32","order_by":6,"name":"Francis Ngome Ajebesone","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Institute of Agricultural Research for Development","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Francis","middleName":"Ngome","lastName":"Ajebesone","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-10-02 13:23:31","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7766810/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7766810/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":96363831,"identity":"9c55226b-b0d3-442e-9c68-c91f8657baff","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-20 10:08:08","extension":"docx","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":98802,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Lombekoetal.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7766810/v1/2749ec7234f5a3833316c7f1.docx"},{"id":96275420,"identity":"1626dd09-8a57-4b4d-9693-92ecaf3e06bd","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 09:58:50","extension":"json","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":8621,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"723073b97ce141388acf7328ac184e3e.json","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7766810/v1/78103434ab515de276c57249.json"},{"id":96275423,"identity":"f00a07aa-05b7-44da-88f9-970525f6f2e6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 09:58:51","extension":"xml","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":153318,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"723073b97ce141388acf7328ac184e3e1enriched.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7766810/v1/623040e7363759c18bc0160c.xml"},{"id":96275424,"identity":"49a73438-e0a9-4dfd-a2db-3c6794163add","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 09:58:51","extension":"xml","order_by":5,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":159491,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"723073b97ce141388acf7328ac184e3e1structuring.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7766810/v1/54a548a7c7389a2b0db0d3a8.xml"},{"id":96275422,"identity":"85bf31d2-c81f-4323-8413-a2803467ea5d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 09:58:50","extension":"html","order_by":6,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":168318,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"earlyproof.html","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7766810/v1/984921e8ff4809ad073883f3.html"},{"id":96275418,"identity":"da37507c-4e7a-4181-8d8f-bba57c64d948","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 09:58:50","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":103832,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eVariation of soybean seeds moisture content with storage conditions and packaging materials (% Mean ± SD). Bars with different letters are significantly different (Tukey’s HSD, P \u0026lt; 0.05), 0MAS = 0 months after storage, 3MAS = 3 months after storage, 6MAS = 6 months after storage, 9MAS = 9 months after storage, 12MAS = 12 months after storage\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7766810/v1/14747b7704bb88de854f0dcd.png"},{"id":96275419,"identity":"442b3568-2350-4698-bcfb-3bc3cae2c6c4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 09:58:50","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":39043,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eNumber of insect present in soybean seeds stored in fridge and deep freezer and room condition packaged with polypropylene, polyethylene and envelopes (Number ± SD). Bars with different letters are significantly different (Tukey’s HSD, \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0.05), 0MAS = 0 months after storage, 3MAS = 3 months after storage, 6MAS = 6 months after storage, 9MAS = 9 months after storage, 12MAS = 12 months after storage\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7766810/v1/bfc0198c83bae60d792b3ce2.png"},{"id":96602933,"identity":"7c4bd1af-10f6-4cfb-bd33-05392a9238ea","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-24 09:05:03","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1575094,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7766810/v1/4b326300-78a2-4ded-ac8a-6891e166afd5.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eThe quality of soybean (\u003cem\u003eGlycine max L.\u003c/em\u003e) seed as affected at storage by packaging materials, temperatures and genotypes\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"1 Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eSoybean (\u003cem\u003eGlycine max\u003c/em\u003e) ranks among the most widely cultivated grain legumes globally and plays a critical role in ensuring food security [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]. Its grains serve as a vital source of animal protein feed, nutritious human food [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e], vegetable oil, and raw material across various industries [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e]. In Cameroon, soybean production has experienced significant growth, increasing from 5,876 tons in 2000 to 12,544 tons in 2010, and reaching 108,752.9 tons in 2023 [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e]. Despite Cameroon\u0026rsquo;s considerable agricultural potential\u0026mdash;boasting five agro-ecological zones all conducive to soybean cultivation the country imports large quantities to meet local demand due to insufficient national production. This shortfall is primarily attributed to suboptimal agronomic practices, disease and pest pressures resulting in low yields [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e] [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e], as well as ineffective postharvest handling that contributes to considerable losses [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWithin sub-Saharan African countries, smallholder farmers typically store grains, including seeds, for periods ranging from three to twelve months. Commonly, storage involves packaging in polypropylene bags kept under ambient room conditions [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e]. Storage facilities often include living rooms, kitchens, or warehouses, which provide suboptimal protection. These conditions favor damage by insect pests, molds, and rodents [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]. Additionally, the tropical climate with its high temperatures and relative humidity further promotes the proliferation of pests and microorganisms in stored grains [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e], leading to both qualitative and quantitative postharvest losses.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe quality of soybean seed is a critical input factor that directly influences production and yield. In Cameroon, seed quality is often compromised, exhibiting low germination rates, poor health status, and lack of genetic purity. Soybean seeds also have limited shelf-life when stored at ambient tropical temperatures, with germination percentages declining rapidly. However, seed viability can be extended through storage at -20\u0026deg;C [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e] or by employing appropriate packaging materials [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e]; [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e] recommend proper postharvest management practices including timely harvesting, drying seeds to 12\u0026ndash;13% moisture content, and the use of improved storage technologies such as hermetic storage to preserve seed quality. Nonetheless, smallholder farmers rarely adopt these advanced methods, often relying on inexpensive, readily available materials such as polypropylene bags coupled with ambient storage environments.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDespite existing recommendations for improved soybean seed storage, there is a notable gap in understanding how accessible packaging materials, the genetic variability among soybean genotypes, and cold storage conditions collectively influence seed viability and quality over time. Most smallholder farmers in Cameroon continue to rely on low-cost, ambient storage methods without clear guidance on optimizing seed preservation tailored to local genotypes and environmental conditions. Addressing this gap is essential to enhance seed longevity, improve crop yields, and reduce reliance on costly imports.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis study is significant because it systematically evaluates the combined effects of genotype, packaging, and temperature on soybean seed storability under realistic conditions relevant to small-scale farmers. By identifying effective storage solutions that are both affordable and practical, the findings have the potential to inform better postharvest management strategies, contributing to increased national soybean production and strengthening food security in Cameroon and similar agro-ecological zones.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of three packaging materials under ambient storage conditions and two cold temperature regimes on the quality retention of soybean seeds from five genotypes. We hypothesize that (i) there is variability between the soybean genotype as related to seed storability, (ii) packaging material influence seed quality during storage, and (iii) cold storage will extend soybean seed shelf-life.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2 Materials and methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e2.1. Experimental site\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe experiment was conducted at the Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), Nkolbisson, Yaounde, Cameroon, between January 2018 and January 2019. The site is located at 3\u0026deg;51\u0026prime;54\u0026Prime; N, 11\u0026deg;27\u0026prime;39\u0026Prime; E, within a humid forest agro-ecological zone characterized by bimodal rainfall. The climate features a long rainy season (March\u0026ndash;June), a short dry season (July\u0026ndash;August), a short rainy season (September\u0026ndash;November), and a long dry season (December\u0026ndash;February). Meteorological data, including temperature, relative humidity (RH), and rainfall for the experimental period, were obtained from the Yaound\u0026eacute; meteorological station (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, ambient temperature and relative humidity were monitored during room storage using a digital thermo-hygrometer (model: Testo 608-H1, accuracy\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5\u0026deg;C and \u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2% RH), and readings were taken daily.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean monthly temperatures, relative humidity and total monthly rainfall of Yaounde in 2018 and 2019\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMonth\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2018\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2019\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean temperature (\u0026deg;C)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean relative humidity (%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTotal rainfall (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean temperature (\u0026deg;C)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean relative humidity (%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTotal rainfall (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eJanuary\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e92\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e94\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFebruary\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e94\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e134\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e94\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e66\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMarch\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e94\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e227\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e93\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e170\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eApril\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e93\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e175\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e93\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e303\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMay\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e96\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e289\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e96\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e382\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eJune\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e97\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e213\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e98\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e255\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eJuly\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e97\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e292\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e98\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e208\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAugust\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e97\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e232\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e96\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e151\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSeptember\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e97\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e356\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e99\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e349\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOctober\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e96\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e488\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e98\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e339\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNovember\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e94\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e178\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e96\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e179\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDecember\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e92\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e92\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003ctfoot\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"7\"\u003eSource: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://www.historique-meteo.net/afrique/cameroun/yaounde/2018-2019\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://www.historique-meteo.net/afrique/cameroun/yaounde/2018-2019\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tfoot\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e2.2 Plant Material and Storage Materials\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eSoybean seeds from five genotypes (S check early TGX 1485-1D, S check medium TGX 1448-2E, Local check TGX 1910-14F, Local check TGX 2011-7F, and TGX 2004-13F) were sourced from the International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Ibadan and produced at IRAD Mbalmayo during July\u0026ndash;November 2018. Plants were harvested at physiological maturity, threshed, cleaned, and sun-dried to 11\u0026ndash;13% moisture content.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThree packaging materials were tested: polyethylene bags (16 \u0026micro;m thick), polypropylene bags, and paper envelopes. Polyethylene bags were heat-sealed using an electric sealing machine; polypropylene bags were stitched with a sewing machine, while paper envelopes were folded and sealed with adhesive tape. All storage packages measured approximately 30 cm \u0026times; 23 cm.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e2.3 Storage conditions\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eSoybean seeds were stored under: Room conditions: 24\u0026ndash;28\u0026deg;C, 70\u0026ndash;90% RH and cold storage (Refrigerator at 3\u0026ndash;5\u0026deg;C and deep freezer at \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;18 to \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;14\u0026deg;C).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor each condition, 3 kg of seeds per genotype were packaged in the three types of materials. A completely randomized design (CRD) was applied with three replicates per treatment. The randomization of samples was performed using the RAND function in Microsoft Excel to minimize positional bias.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e2.4 Data collection\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eEvaluations were done after every three months during storage to determine the suitable packaging material under room conditions and cold temperatures for soybean seeds. To avoid using poor quality samples, destructive sampling was done in order to avoid manipulation of samples for instance under room conditions for the different tests and keeping them back in the fridge or deep freezer (de-froze the grains and re-froze them back). In addition, destructive sampling was suitable for the oven dry method used to test the moisture content, germination test, insects damaged grains and discolored grains. All evaluations were carried out in triplicates.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e2.4.1 Seed moisture content\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eSeed moisture content was determined by a low constant oven temperature method [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e]. About 5 g of seed sample was taken at random from each treatment in two replicates, ground and dried in oven at 103\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1\u0026deg;C for about 17 hours till constant weight. The seed moisture content (%) was determined according to Eq.\u0026nbsp;1 and was expressed on a wet weight basis.\u003cdiv id=\"Equa\" class=\"Equation\"\u003e\u003cdiv format=\"TEX\" class=\"mathdisplay\" id=\"FileID_Equa\" name=\"EquationSource\"\u003e\n$$\\:\\mathbf{M}\\mathbf{o}\\mathbf{i}\\mathbf{s}\\mathbf{t}\\mathbf{u}\\mathbf{r}\\mathbf{e}\\:\\mathbf{c}\\mathbf{o}\\mathbf{n}\\mathbf{t}\\mathbf{e}\\mathbf{n}\\mathbf{t}\\:\\left(\\mathbf{\\%}\\right)=\\:\\frac{\\left(\\mathbf{M}2-\\mathbf{M}3\\right)}{\\left(\\mathbf{M}2-\\mathbf{M}1\\right)}\\:\\:100\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\mathbf{E}\\mathbf{q}\\mathbf{u}\\mathbf{a}\\mathbf{t}\\mathbf{i}\\mathbf{o}\\mathbf{n}\\:1$$\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhere M1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;weight of the container without seed (g), M2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;weight of the container\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;seed before drying (g), M3\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;weight of the container and seed after drying (g).\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e2.4.2 Seed germination rate\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eA sample of hundred (100) grains of soybean seeds sorted randomly for treatment was sterilized with 10% sodium hypochlorite and thereafter arranged separately in Petri dishes containing adequately moist paper tissue with distilled water, under normal laboratory conditions. The germination rates were assessed eight (8) days after the incubation and the total germination percentages computed according to Eq.\u0026nbsp;2 [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e].\u003cdiv id=\"Equb\" class=\"Equation\"\u003e\u003cdiv format=\"TEX\" class=\"mathdisplay\" id=\"FileID_Equb\" name=\"EquationSource\"\u003e\n$$\\:\\mathbf{P}\\mathbf{e}\\mathbf{r}\\mathbf{c}\\mathbf{e}\\mathbf{n}\\mathbf{t}\\mathbf{a}\\mathbf{g}\\mathbf{e}\\:\\mathbf{g}\\mathbf{e}\\mathbf{r}\\mathbf{m}\\mathbf{i}\\mathbf{n}\\mathbf{a}\\mathbf{t}\\mathbf{i}\\mathbf{o}\\mathbf{n}\\:=\\:\\frac{\\mathbf{N}\\mathbf{u}\\mathbf{m}\\mathbf{b}\\mathbf{e}\\mathbf{r}\\:\\mathbf{o}\\mathbf{f}\\:\\mathbf{g}\\mathbf{e}\\mathbf{r}\\mathbf{m}\\mathbf{i}\\mathbf{n}\\mathbf{a}\\mathbf{t}\\mathbf{e}\\mathbf{d}\\:\\mathbf{g}\\mathbf{r}\\mathbf{a}\\mathbf{i}\\mathbf{n}\\mathbf{s}}{\\mathbf{T}\\mathbf{o}\\mathbf{t}\\mathbf{a}\\mathbf{l}\\:\\mathbf{n}\\mathbf{u}\\mathbf{m}\\mathbf{b}\\mathbf{e}\\mathbf{r}\\:\\mathbf{o}\\mathbf{f}\\:\\mathbf{g}\\mathbf{r}\\mathbf{a}\\mathbf{i}\\mathbf{n}\\mathbf{s}}\\:\\:100\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\mathbf{E}\\mathbf{q}\\mathbf{u}\\mathbf{a}\\mathbf{t}\\mathbf{i}\\mathbf{o}\\mathbf{n}\\:2$$\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e2.4.3 Insect damaged grains\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eInsect damaged grains were evaluated from 100 g of each sample. This was weighed out and all the grains showing any sign of attack by insects were manually selected out using a hand lens. These grains were weighed using an electronic balance and the weight expressed as a percentage of insect damaged grains following Eq.\u0026nbsp;3.\u003cdiv id=\"Equc\" class=\"Equation\"\u003e\u003cdiv format=\"TEX\" class=\"mathdisplay\" id=\"FileID_Equc\" name=\"EquationSource\"\u003e\n$$\\:\\mathbf{I}\\mathbf{n}\\mathbf{s}\\mathbf{e}\\mathbf{c}\\mathbf{t}\\:\\mathbf{d}\\mathbf{a}\\mathbf{m}\\mathbf{a}\\mathbf{g}\\mathbf{e}\\mathbf{d}\\:\\mathbf{g}\\mathbf{r}\\mathbf{a}\\mathbf{i}\\mathbf{n}\\mathbf{s}\\:=\\:\\frac{\\mathbf{W}\\mathbf{e}\\mathbf{i}\\mathbf{g}\\mathbf{h}\\mathbf{t}\\:\\mathbf{o}\\mathbf{f}\\:\\mathbf{d}\\mathbf{a}\\mathbf{m}\\mathbf{a}\\mathbf{g}\\mathbf{e}\\mathbf{d}\\:\\mathbf{g}\\mathbf{r}\\mathbf{a}\\mathbf{i}\\mathbf{n}\\mathbf{s}}{\\mathbf{T}\\mathbf{o}\\mathbf{t}\\mathbf{a}\\mathbf{l}\\:\\mathbf{w}\\mathbf{e}\\mathbf{i}\\mathbf{g}\\mathbf{h}\\mathbf{t}\\:\\mathbf{o}\\mathbf{f}\\:\\mathbf{g}\\mathbf{r}\\mathbf{a}\\mathbf{i}\\mathbf{n}\\mathbf{s}}\\:\\:100\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\mathbf{E}\\mathbf{q}\\mathbf{u}\\mathbf{a}\\mathbf{t}\\mathbf{i}\\mathbf{o}\\mathbf{n}\\:3$$\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e2.4.4 Additional viability test\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eA tetrazolium test [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e] was conducted on a sub-sample to confirm seed viability. Seeds were preconditioned in moist paper towels for 18 h at 25\u0026deg;C, bisected, and soaked in 1% 2, 3, 5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride solution at 40\u0026deg;C for 3 h in darkness. Seeds showing red-stained embryos were considered viable.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA seedling vigor index (SVI) was also calculated using the formula:\u003cdiv id=\"Equd\" class=\"Equation\"\u003e\u003cdiv format=\"TEX\" class=\"mathdisplay\" id=\"FileID_Equd\" name=\"EquationSource\"\u003e\n$$\\:\\mathbf{S}\\mathbf{V}\\mathbf{I}=\\mathbf{G}\\mathbf{e}\\mathbf{r}\\mathbf{m}\\mathbf{i}\\mathbf{n}\\mathbf{a}\\mathbf{t}\\mathbf{i}\\mathbf{o}\\mathbf{n}\\:\\mathbf{p}\\mathbf{e}\\mathbf{r}\\mathbf{c}\\mathbf{e}\\mathbf{n}\\mathbf{t}\\mathbf{a}\\mathbf{g}\\mathbf{e}\\times\\:\\mathbf{M}\\mathbf{e}\\mathbf{a}\\mathbf{n}\\:\\mathbf{s}\\mathbf{e}\\mathbf{e}\\mathbf{d}\\mathbf{l}\\mathbf{i}\\mathbf{n}\\mathbf{g}\\:\\mathbf{l}\\mathbf{e}\\mathbf{n}\\mathbf{g}\\mathbf{t}\\mathbf{h}\\:\\left(\\mathbf{c}\\mathbf{m}\\right)\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\mathbf{E}\\mathbf{q}\\mathbf{u}\\mathbf{a}\\mathbf{t}\\mathbf{i}\\mathbf{o}\\mathbf{n}\\:4$$\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e2.4.5 Insect damage and identification\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eInsect-damaged grains were assessed from a 100 g sample per replicate. Damaged grains were manually separated using a hand lens and expressed as a percentage of the total sample weight.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eInsects observed in storage were collected and identified to species level using morphological keys [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e], enabling recommendations for pest management strategies.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e2.4.6 Discolored grains\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eDiscolored grains were evaluated from a sample of 100 g of soybean grains. Soybean grains presenting any yellow, black or purple color, visualized under magnifying glass were manually selected from the normal grains and weighed using an electronic balance. Discolored soybean grains were expressed as a percentage, according to Eq.\u0026nbsp;5.\u003cdiv id=\"Eque\" class=\"Equation\"\u003e\u003cdiv format=\"TEX\" class=\"mathdisplay\" id=\"FileID_Eque\" name=\"EquationSource\"\u003e\n$$\\:\\mathbf{P}\\mathbf{e}\\mathbf{r}\\mathbf{c}\\mathbf{e}\\mathbf{n}\\mathbf{t}\\mathbf{a}\\mathbf{g}\\mathbf{e}\\:\\mathbf{d}\\mathbf{i}\\mathbf{s}\\mathbf{c}\\mathbf{o}\\mathbf{l}\\mathbf{o}\\mathbf{r}\\mathbf{e}\\mathbf{d}\\:\\mathbf{g}\\mathbf{r}\\mathbf{a}\\mathbf{i}\\mathbf{n}\\mathbf{s}\\:=\\:\\frac{\\mathbf{W}\\mathbf{e}\\mathbf{i}\\mathbf{g}\\mathbf{h}\\mathbf{t}\\:\\mathbf{o}\\mathbf{f}\\:\\mathbf{d}\\mathbf{i}\\mathbf{s}\\mathbf{c}\\mathbf{o}\\mathbf{l}\\mathbf{o}\\mathbf{r}\\mathbf{e}\\mathbf{d}\\:\\mathbf{g}\\mathbf{r}\\mathbf{a}\\mathbf{i}\\mathbf{n}\\mathbf{s}\\:}{\\mathbf{T}\\mathbf{o}\\mathbf{t}\\mathbf{a}\\mathbf{l}\\:\\mathbf{w}\\mathbf{e}\\mathbf{i}\\mathbf{g}\\mathbf{h}\\mathbf{t}\\:\\mathbf{o}\\mathbf{f}\\:\\mathbf{t}\\mathbf{h}\\mathbf{e}\\:\\mathbf{s}\\mathbf{a}\\mathbf{m}\\mathbf{p}\\mathbf{l}\\mathbf{e}}\\:\\:100\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\:\\mathbf{E}\\mathbf{q}\\mathbf{u}\\mathbf{a}\\mathbf{t}\\mathbf{i}\\mathbf{o}\\mathbf{n}\\:5$$\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e2.5 Data analysis\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eData were tested for normality (Kolmogorov\u0026ndash;Smirnov) and homogeneity of variances (Levene\u0026rsquo;s test). A multifactorial ANOVA (MANOVA) was conducted to evaluate the effects of storage condition, packaging material, and genotype on all parameters. When significant differences were detected (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05), means were compared using Tukey\u0026rsquo;s HSD test at 5% significance level. Correlation analyses were performed to assess relationships among germination, moisture content, and insect damage. All statistical analyses were conducted in SPSS (v25) and R (v4.3.1).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSample size justification: Power analysis using G*Power indicated that three replicates per treatment provided \u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;80% power to detect medium effect sizes (f\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.25) at α\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.05 for ANOVA.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"3 Results","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e3.1. Interaction between Storage Conditions and Soybean Varieties on Seed Quality\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMultivariate analysis revealed that storage conditions and soybean varieties interact significantly, influencing germination rates at 3, 6, and 9 months after storage. This interaction also affected the incidence of insect damage and grain discoloration consistently across 3, 6, 9, and 12 months (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). These findings highlight that both the type of soybean and how it's stored play crucial roles in maintaining seed quality over time.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eInteractive effects of storage conditions and varieties on germination, insect damaged grains and discolored grains of soybean seed\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGermination (%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eInsect damaged grains\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDiscolored grains\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSource of variation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eStorage period\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSig.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSig.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSig.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eStorage condition * Variety\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0 months\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e/\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e/\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e/\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e/\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e/\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e/\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3 months\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6 months\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e40.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9 months\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e179.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12 months\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eStorage condition\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0 months\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e/\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e/\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e/\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e/\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e/\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e/\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3 months\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e39.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e37.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6 months\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e158.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e42.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9 months\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3199.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e45.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12 months\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e89.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0 months\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e/\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e/\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e/\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e/\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e/\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e/\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3 months\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6 months\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9 months\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e321.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e37.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12 months\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e47.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e* Denotes statistical significance at the 5% level; ** Denotes statistical significance at the 1% level; *** Denotes statistical significance at the 0.1% level, while \u0026lsquo;/\u0026rsquo; means zero variation.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec16\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e3.2 Impact of storage conditions and packaging on seed moisture content\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcross all treatments, soybean seed moisture content decreased significantly over the storage period (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). The most pronounced moisture loss occurred in seeds stored at room temperature in envelopes, dropping from 12.71% to 10.53%. In contrast, seeds kept in cold storage, particularly in the fridge, experienced the smallest reduction, from 12.31% to 11.59% over 12 months (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). This suggests that cooler storage helps preserve seed moisture better, which is critical for maintaining seed viability.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec17\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e3.3 Effects on germination rates over time\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAt the start, all five soybean varieties had a perfect germination rate of 100%. After three months, germination remained stable across varieties (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05), but storage conditions began to show an effect. Seeds stored in cold environments either fridge or deep freezer retained 100% germination. Under room temperature, seeds in polyethylene bags maintained higher germination rates compared to polypropylene or envelopes, notably for varieties 1 and 3 (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBy six months, differences became more pronounced. Cold storage continued to support high germination (99\u0026ndash;100% in the fridge, 92\u0026ndash;100% in the deep freezer). Seeds stored at room temperature showed variable germination rates depending on packaging: polyethylene bags outperformed polypropylene and envelopes, though some varieties like S check early TGX 1485-1D were exceptions. This underscores the protective role of cold storage and certain packaging materials over extended periods.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAt nine months, germination rates under cold storage remained high (96.3\u0026ndash;100%), while room temperature storage saw marked declines, especially in polypropylene and envelope packaging. Polyethylene bags continued to offer better protection, though germination still dropped significantly compared to cold conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAfter a full year, seeds stored in the fridge or deep freezer maintained 100% germination across all varieties. In sharp contrast, seeds stored at room temperature lost germination entirely, regardless of packaging type. This stark difference confirms that cold storage is essential for preserving soybean seed viability over long periods.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEffect of storage conditions and packaging materials on soybean seeds germination of five varieties\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"12\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0MAS\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3MAS\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFridge\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolypropylene\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e74.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.1cA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e86.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e73\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.6bA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e85.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.9bA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e82.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.5aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyethylene\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e93.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.1bAB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e93.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.5aAB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e92.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.7aAB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e84.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.0bB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e97\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.7aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEnvelope\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e92.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.5bA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e86.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.4aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e90\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.3aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e88\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.8abA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e95\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.4aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDeep Freezer\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6MAS\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9MAS\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFridge\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e99\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e99\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e99\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e99\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e99.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e96.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6aB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e96.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6aB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolypropylene\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e76\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0eA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e43.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;18.5bB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e81.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6cA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e81.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6cA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e95.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6bA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e51\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1eB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e31.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6dD\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e29\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1bE\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e41\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1bC\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e60\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1bA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyethylene\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e78.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6dE\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e98.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6aB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e89.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6bC\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e84.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6bD\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e99.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e80.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.4cA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e87.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6bA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.1bB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e42.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.5bB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e62\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2bB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEnvelope\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e89.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6cB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e91.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e69\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1dC\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.2dE\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e42.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6cD\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e64.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6dA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e65\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1cA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e26.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.2bC\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1cD\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e39\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1cB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDeep Freezer\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e92.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6bB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e98.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6aAB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e96.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.1bB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e89.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6bC\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e96.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6aB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e95.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.5aB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12MAS\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFridge\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolypropylene\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0bA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0bA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0bA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0bA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0bA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyethylene\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0bA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0bA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0bA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0bA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0bA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEnvelope\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0bA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0bA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0bA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0bA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0bA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDeep Freezer\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003ctfoot\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"12\"\u003eSmall letters show significance across packaging materials, down the rows, and large letters compare the different varieties, across the columns. Variety1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;S check early TGX 1485-1D, variety 2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;S check medium TGX 1448-2E, variety 3\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Local check TGX 1910-14F, variety 4\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Local check TGX 2011-7F, variety 5\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;TGX 2004-13F\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tfoot\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec18\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e3.4 Insect presence and damage\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eInsect activity was minimal overall. Only a single insect was detected at 9 and 12 months in samples stored in envelopes and polypropylene bags, with no insects found in polyethylene-packaged seeds or those kept in cold storage (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBefore storage, no insect damage was observed. After three months, insect damage remained very low (0\u0026ndash;0.5%) across varieties and storage conditions, with a slight exception for S check early TGX 1485-1D in polyethylene bags (0.9%). Six months in, insect damage was absent in most varieties under fridge conditions and low in the deep freezer. Room temperature storage showed slightly higher damage, particularly for S check early TGX 1485-1D packaged in polyethylene bags (4.3%). By nine months, cold storage effectively limited insect damage for some varieties, while room temperature saw increased damage levels. At twelve months, cold storage generally controlled insect damage better than room conditions, though this was not consistent across all varieties.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec19\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e3.5 Grain discoloration trends\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo discoloration was detected before storage. After three months, discoloration levels were significantly lower in cold storage compared to room temperature, where polypropylene bags showed the highest discoloration rates. Polyethylene packaging consistently resulted in less discoloration under room conditions, particularly for certain varieties (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAt six months, cold-stored seeds continued to show low discoloration, while room temperature storage, especially in polypropylene bags, saw increased discoloration up to 10.2% in some varieties. Envelopes and polyethylene bags had moderate discoloration levels, with little difference between them.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBy nine months, discoloration rose across all storage conditions but remained significantly lower in cold storage. Polypropylene bags again showed higher discoloration under room conditions, with some varieties reaching up to 16.6%.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAfter twelve months, seeds in the fridge and deep freezer maintained comparatively low discoloration (4.2\u0026ndash;11%), while those stored at room temperature experienced much higher discoloration, particularly in polypropylene bags (up to 29.5%). Polyethylene and envelopes performed better but still showed increased discoloration compared to cold storage. Notably, S check medium TGX 1448-2E consistently recorded the lowest discoloration across all conditions over the entire storage period.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTogether, these results illustrate that cold storage environments, especially when combined with polyethylene packaging, play a crucial role in preserving soybean seed quality by maintaining moisture, reducing insect damage, limiting discoloration, and sustaining germination rates over a year. In contrast, room temperature storage leads to rapid declines in seed viability and quality regardless of packaging, though polyethylene offers some mitigation compared to other materials.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEffect of storage conditions and packaging materials on insect damaged grains of five soybean varieties\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"12\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0MAS\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3MAS\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFridge\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0bA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0bA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolypropylene\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3bA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1abA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyethylene\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1aB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1aB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1aB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2aB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEnvelope\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1abA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2abA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDeep Freezer\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0bA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0bA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6MAS\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9MAS\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFridge\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.3abA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0cA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5bABC\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.31aC\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6aAB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2bcBC\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.8aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolypropylene\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5abA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2aB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.1aAB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4aB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4abAB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2abAB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5aBC\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.9aBC\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5cC\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.7aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyethylene\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.9aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.0aB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4aB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2aB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5aB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.2aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.7aB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4aB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4cB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.7aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEnvelope\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2abA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5aB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4aB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4aB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.7bcB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6abA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6aB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.4aB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.31aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.7aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDeep Freezer\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2cA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.2aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2cA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3bA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.1aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.3abA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.7bA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12MAS\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFridge\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5bABC\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3aC\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4aAB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2bcBC\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.8aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolypropylene\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2abAB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5aBC\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.0aBC\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5cC\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.7aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyethylene\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.2aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.9aB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4aB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6cB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.7aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEnvelope\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.8abA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6aB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.4aB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.7aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDeep Freezer\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3bA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.1aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.3abA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.7bA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003ctfoot\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"12\"\u003eSmall letters show significance across packaging materials, down the rows, and large letters compare the different varieties, across the columns. Variety1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;S check early TGX 1485-1D, variety 2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;S check medium TGX 1448-2E, variety 3\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Local check TGX 1910-14F, variety 4\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Local check TGX 2011-7F, variety 5\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;TGX 2004-13F\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tfoot\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEffect of storage containers on the number of discolored grains in four stored soybean varieties\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"12\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0MAS\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3MAS\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFridge\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2cA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4bA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1cA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3bA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolypropylene\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.0aB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.1aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.4aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.1abB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyethylene\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.0bA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.8aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.9bcA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.7aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEnvelope\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2bB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.7aC\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.7aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6abA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.5abBC\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDeep Freezer\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2cA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2bA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4cA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1bA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6MAS\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9MAS\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFridge\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6cA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5cA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1cA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3cA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6dA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2aB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.8cAB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.1bA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.9bAB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolypropylene\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.9aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.9aC\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.2aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.5aAB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.2aB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.7aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3aC\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.5aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.8aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.3aB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyethylene\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.3bA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.8bA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.3bcA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.0aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.5bA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3aB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.bA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.5abA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.1aAB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEnvelope\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1bcAB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6aB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.7bA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.2abA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.5abAB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.4cA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.9aB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.7bA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.7abA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.2aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDeep Freezer\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3cBC\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4aC\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.7bcA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6bcAB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4bcABC\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.4cdA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.5aB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4cA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.7bA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3bAB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12MAS\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariety 5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFridge\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.0dB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3bB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.8cB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.5bA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.2cB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolypropylene\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e25.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4aAB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.0aC\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.8aB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e29.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.6aA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.4aB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyethylene\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.9bA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3bB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6bA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.1bA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.7bA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEnvelope\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.8cB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5b\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5bB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.1bA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.4bB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDeep Freezer\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3cdAB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.1bC\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4cB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.2bA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.9cB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003ctfoot\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"12\"\u003eSmall letters show significance across packaging materials, down the rows, and large letters compare the different varieties, across the columns. Variety1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;S check early TGX 1485-1D, variety 2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;S check medium TGX 1448-2E, variety 3\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Local check TGX 1910-14F, variety 4\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Local check TGX 2011-7F, variety 5\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;TGX 2004-13F\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tfoot\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"4 Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe parameters examined did not follow a simple linear trend over the storage period within each treatment group. This is largely due to the destructive sampling method employed, which prevented the use of the same sample for repeated tests over time.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA clear and consistent decline in moisture content was observed across all storage conditions. This decline reflects the natural water loss typical of hygroscopic grains during storage. Moisture in such grains tends to equilibrate with ambient relative humidity, particularly when packaging materials are semi-permeable, allowing moisture exchange between seeds and air [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e] [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e]. Among the storage conditions tested, soybean seeds stored in a refrigerator retained moisture most effectively, showing the smallest decrease over time [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSeeds stored in a deep freezer exhibited intermediate moisture loss, likely due to slow sublimation of internal water, which can cause gradual grain desiccation [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e]. In contrast, seeds stored at ambient temperatures in polyethylene bags and paper envelopes experienced more substantial moisture reductions, especially after six months. It is generally acknowledged that the use of plastics can create specific conditions where reduced gas exchange favors recurrent cycles of condensation and reabsorption. Paper envelopes, offering minimal humidity protection, are unsuitable for long-term seed storage [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCold storage conditions both refrigerator and deep freezer demonstrated superior performance in maintaining soybean seed germination compared to room temperature, regardless of packaging or variety. This aligns with previous research highlighting low temperatures\u0026rsquo; role in suppressing metabolic activity and preserving viability [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e] ; [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e]; [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e]. The extended viability under cold conditions supports the idea that low temperatures prolong shelf life by slowing deterioration processes.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSoybean seeds typically have a short shelf life, especially under tropical ambient conditions, losing viability rapidly after about seven months[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e]. Our results emphasize the importance of cold storage for preserving seed quality beyond this period, with germination rates remaining above 96% after 12 months in cold storage. Conversely, room temperature storage resulted in a steady decline to unacceptable germination levels (\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;70%) by six months in polypropylene and envelope packaging. Polyethylene bags provided relatively better protection at room temperature for up to six months, likely by reducing moisture exchange [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e], but were insufficient for longer durations, with germination dropping to zero at 12 months regardless of packaging.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe decline in germination under room conditions is probably driven by ongoing metabolic and oxidative damage [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e], pointing to the limitations of these packaging materials without temperature control for long-term storage.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSignificant varietal differences in storability were observed. The TGX 2004-13F variety maintained higher viability than others when stored at room temperature in polyethylene bags. This supports the hypothesis that genetic factors influence seed storability and highlights the need for breeding programs to focus on storage tolerance [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e]; [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e]; [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eInsect infestation was minimal throughout storage, with no insects detected in cold-stored samples. Minor insect damage appeared in room temperature samples after three months, suggesting latent infestations from undetected eggs or larvae at storage onset [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e]. Low insect damage under cold storage aligns with previous studies, as low temperatures inhibit pest metabolism and reproduction [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e]; [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e]. In contrast, room temperature storage in polyethylene bags showed increased insect damage over time, likely due to microclimatic conditions favorable to pests [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e] Varietal susceptibility to insect damage also varied, with TGX 1485-1D consistently more affected, possibly due to seed coat or chemical composition differences [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGrain discoloration increased over time in all treatments but was significantly higher under room conditions. Discoloration is largely attributed to microbial activity, especially fungi thriving in warm, humid tropical climates [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e], as supported by the local weather data in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e. Cold storage suppressed discoloration, likely by limiting microbial and metabolic activities [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e]; [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e]. Packaging also influenced discoloration; polyethylene bags offered better protection than polypropylene and paper envelopes, probably due to superior moisture barriers [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e]. Among varieties, TGX 1448-2E showed the greatest resistance to discoloration across all conditions, indicating inherent physiological stability and differences in genotype storability [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e]; [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOverall, these results underscore the importance of combining cold storage with appropriate packaging particularly polyethylene to maintain soybean seed quality by preserving moisture, limiting insect damage, reducing discoloration, and sustaining germination over extended periods.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"5 Conclusions","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study confirms that both packaging type and storage environment critically affect soybean seed quality preservation. Cold storage, either refrigeration or deep freezing effectively extends the naturally short shelf life of soybean seeds by maintaining high germination rates and minimizing insect damage and discoloration. After 12 months in cold storage, germination rates remained above 96%, with negligible pest and discoloration issues.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRoom temperature storage limits seed viability, with polyethylene packaging providing some benefit for up to six months but failing to preserve quality beyond this period. Varietal differences were evident, with some genotypes showing greater tolerance to adverse storage conditions, highlighting the role of genetics in seed resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMaintaining seed quality during long-term storage demands not only environmental control but also suitable packaging and the selection of storage-tolerant varieties. In tropical regions, investment in cold storage infrastructure is essential, while polyethylene packaging offers a partial short-term solution.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe interaction between storage conditions and soybean varieties significantly influenced germination, insect damage, and discoloration over time, emphasizing that both genetic and environmental factors determine seed quality outcomes.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMoisture content consistently declined during storage, with cold conditions preserving moisture better than room temperature, reinforcing the critical role of moisture management in seed viability.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGermination rates remained stable in cold storage but declined markedly in room temperature conditions, especially in less protective packaging.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eInsect damage was minimal but increased under room temperature storage, with varietal susceptibility evident.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGrain discoloration was largely controlled by cold storage and polyethylene packaging, with varietal differences in susceptibility.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe sincerely extend our gratitude to the Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) Nkolbisson, Yaounde, Cameroon for the allocation of land for the experiment and other facilities and the Ministry of Higher Education of Cameroon for their support through the allowance relating to the Special Account, for the Modernization of University Research in Cameroon.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDML, VLOT and MHA conceptualized the study and drafted the manuscript, TBN, conducted data analyses, VLOT, DCTE, DML, CS and FAN coordinated the study and manuscript preparation. All authors read and approved the final manuscript draft.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo fund was received for this study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData availability\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eData that are not presented in this article can be made available on request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePlant guidelines\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors confirm that the use of plants in the present study complies with international, national and/or institutional guidelines.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePermissions to collect the plants/plant parts\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll plant specimens collected with permissions.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSource of the plant used in your study\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll plants seeds name and the source of them are in the Methods section.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDilawari R, Kaur N, Priyadarshi N. 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Accessed 13 Sept 2025.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-agriculture","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Agriculture](https://www.springer.com/journal/44279)","snPcode":"44279","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/44279/3","title":"Discover Agriculture","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Cold storage, Germinations, Postharvest handling, Room conditions, and Seed quality","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7766810/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7766810/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eFood insecurity is strongly influenced by post-harvest management constraints, particularly those limiting seed storability. This study evaluated the combined effects of packaging materials and storage temperatures on the conservation of soybean seed from five genotypes over 12 months. Two cold storage conditions (fridge at 3\u0026ndash;5\u0026deg;C and deep freezer at \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;18 to \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;14\u0026deg;C) and three packaging materials (polypropylene bags, polyethylene bags, and paper envelopes) were tested under room storage. After six months, germination under room conditions declined to 62.3% (envelopes), 68.1% (polypropylene), and 90.1% (polyethylene). By 12 months, germination dropped to 0% in all room-stored samples, while fridge and deep freezer maintained 100% germination regardless of packaging. Insect damage appeared from the third month and increased progressively in all conditions, with no significant difference between cold and room storage. However, seed discoloration was significantly reduced under cold storage (3.0\u0026ndash;11.0%) compared with room conditions (4.0\u0026ndash;29.5%). Across all varieties, polypropylene bags showed higher discoloration than polyethylene and envelopes. Among the genotypes, S check medium TGX 1448-2E consistently exhibited lower discoloration across storage environments. Overall, cold storage in fridge or deep freezer effectively preserved seed viability and quality for at least 12 months, while polyethylene bags maintained acceptable germination and quality for up to 6 months at room temperature. These findings suggest that low-temperature storage and appropriate packaging are critical strategies to extend the shelf life of soybean seed and mitigate post-harvest losses.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"The quality of soybean (Glycine max L.) seed as affected at storage by packaging materials, temperatures and genotypes","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-11-19 09:58:46","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7766810/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-12-10T04:45:37+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-12-01T18:16:59+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-12-01T05:06:51+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-11-22T12:49:27+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"330688658840922313184523532949397070939","date":"2025-11-21T21:53:08+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"112880253332852445197683751026726591285","date":"2025-11-21T21:34:21+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"132522857848690251078319748986664271730","date":"2025-11-21T12:49:53+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-11-10T07:34:59+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2025-11-07T07:40:55+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-10-07T08:30:18+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-10-07T08:28:54+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Discover Agriculture","date":"2025-10-02T13:14:34+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-agriculture","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Agriculture](https://www.springer.com/journal/44279)","snPcode":"44279","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/44279/3","title":"Discover Agriculture","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"6e165b8a-9d7e-4931-a6bb-2e4df48ad891","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 19th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-08T12:53:48+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-11-19 09:58:46","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7766810","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7766810","identity":"rs-7766810","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}