Cement Bond Evaluation in Carbon Capture, Utilisation, and Storage (CCUS) Projects—A Review

Cement bond evaluation ensures wellbore integrity and zonal isolation in carbon capture, utilisation, and storage (CCUS) projects. This review examines various cement bond evaluation methods, focusing on acoustic logging and ultrasonic imaging tools. Their advantages, limitations, and recent advancements are analysed. This review also explores cement sheath deterioration over time, the impact of reactive fluids, and the emerging application of machine learning (ML) techniques to enhance evaluation accuracy and efficiency. Research gaps are identified in understanding long-term cement behaviour under CCUS conditions and the need for comprehensive 3D bond strength analyses. To address these gaps, this review recommends integrating ML and advanced modelling, standardising industry best practices, and exploring alternative materials to improve cement performance. Continued research and innovation are necessary to ensure a reliable cement bond evaluation, which is critical for the long-term success of CCUS projects.