3D Printing For Surgical Planning Of Canine Oral And Maxillofacial Surgeries

Background: Advanced diagnostic imaging is an essential part of preoperative planning in oral and maxillofacial surgery in veterinary patients. 3D printed model and surgical guide generated from diagnostic imaging can provide a deeper understanding of the complex maxillofacial anatomy and relevant spatial relationships. Additionally, patient-specific 3D printed models allow surgeons and trainees to better examine anatomical features through tactile and visual spatial feedback resulting in improved preoperative planning and enhanced trainee education. Case presentation: Our case series consists of three 3D printed models segmented from computed tomography (CT) and cone beam CT (CBCT) and fabricated via desktop vat polymerization for preoperative planning and intraoperative guidance for resection of maxillary osteosarcoma, mandibular reconstruction after mandibulectomy, and gap arthroplasty for temporomandibular joint ankylosis in dogs. Conclusions: : We illustrate potential benefits and indications for 3D printing in veterinary oral and maxillofacial surgery. A 3D printed model facilitates the understanding of complex surgical anatomy and creates an opportunity to assess the spatial relationship of complex anatomical structures. The patient-specific 3D model facilitates individualized surgical planning allowing surgeons to tailor and augment the surgical plan by identifying challenging anatomy and simulating surgical steps in advance. This includes the planning of osteotomy lines and pre-contouring of titanium plates for reconstruction. The 3D printed model and surgical guide also serve as intraoperative reference and guidance. In addition to preoperative planning and intraoperative guidance, 3D printed models have the potential to improve veterinary resident and student training as well as pet owners’ understanding and communication regarding the condition of their pets, treatment plan and intended outcomes.