A nanovaccine with dual toll-like receptor agonists based on CaP mineralized PLGA nanoparticle for preventing HPV infections

In developing countries where females are threatened by HPV, reducing the costs of production and transport of HPV vaccine is still one of pressing issues that needs a sustainable solution. Although HPV vaccines currently in use with aluminum adjuvants demonstrate significant stimulation of humoral immunity, the weak cellular immune response they elicit indicates a need for further improvement. On the other hand, the issue of poor immune promotion effect of single use of toll-like receptor agonists also needs to be addressed. Here, a double Toll like receptor agonist (R848, Poly (I:C)) HPV vaccine, with HPV16 L1 pentamer as antigen, was fabricated by using calcium phosphate (CaP) mineralized PLGA nanoparticles. This reinforced vaccine shows better stimulation of both humoral and cellular immune responses than aluminum-adjuvanted vaccines when exposed to dual TLR agonists.