Sero-prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis and associated risk factors among febrile patients attending Metema Hospital, West Gondar Zone, North West Ethiopia

Sero-prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis and associated risk factors among febrile patients attending Metema Hospital, West Gondar Zone, North West Ethiopia | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Sero-prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis and associated risk factors among febrile patients attending Metema Hospital, West Gondar Zone, North West Ethiopia Solomon Tesfaye, Tibebnesh Getu, Tilahun Yohanes, Damtew Bekele This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4213210/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 20 Aug, 2024 Read the published version in Acta Parasitologica → Version 1 posted 5 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Introduction : In Ethiopia, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a public health concern that has been spreading to new endemic foci in recent years. An estimated 3.2 million people are at risk of infection, with 3700–7400 new cases each year. Thus, the study was aimed at determining the prevalence of VL and associated risk factors among febrile patients attending Metema Hospital, North West Ethiopia. Methods : A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 404 febrile patients from February 2021 to June 2021. The test for VL was done using an immune-chromatographic test (rK39) according to the manufacturer's instructions (InBios International Inc., USA). An interviewer-administered, pretested questionnaire was used to collect data on risk factors associated with VL. Logistic regression and Chi-square assessed the association between VL and the associated risk factors. Reults : The overall prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis was 18.8% (76/404), with a higher prevalence of VL in males, in the age category between 21 and 30, in study participants who completed elementary school, and in those who earned less than 500 birr monthly compared to their counterparts. Houses with thatched roofs (adjusted odd ratio (AOR)=17.648, 95CI=6.549,47.563), houses with mud walls (AOR=2.538, 95% CI=1.187-5.411), cattle ownership (AOR=.3.173, 95% CI=1.286-7.826), dog ownership (AOR=2,533, 95%CI= 1.256-5.111), presence of acacia trees near houses (AOR=1.975, 95%CI:1.004-3.886), presence of banalities tree (AOR=3.015, 95%CI=1.610-5.992), and outdoor sleeping (AOR= 2.259, 95%CI: 1.107-14.607) were the predictors of VL in the present study. Conclusions : In the study area, VL is still very common. Thus, preventing and controlling infection in the area is largely dependent on raising community awareness of VL prevention and control measures and implementing the necessary interventions on the determinants that have been identified. Ethiopia Metema Prevalence Risk factor Visceral leishmaniasis Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 20 Aug, 2024 Read the published version in Acta Parasitologica → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Minor revisions 27 Jun, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 15 Apr, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 11 Apr, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 09 Apr, 2024 First submitted to journal 03 Apr, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4213210","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":290254392,"identity":"f2446a5f-8fa4-42fb-9e71-1d54903d8025","order_by":0,"name":"Solomon Tesfaye","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABC0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFAC5gYwZcDAwPggweCfHIhz4AFeLYxwLcwGHyoOGIO1JBCphU1yxpkDiWAuPi3y7Y2Nj25U3JE3Z+9OkOZtu5M+P+zwQ6AtdnK6Ddi1GJw52Gycc+aZ4c6esxuMedue5W68nWYA1JJsbHYAhxaJxDbp3LbDjBtu5G5I5m1jzt04OwGk5UDiNhxa5GdAtNhvuP92w2GglnTD2ekf8GphuAHRkrjhBu/GxhlnDifIS+fgtwXql8PJO3tyNzN8qEgz3CCdU3AgwQC3X+Tbmw8+zqk4bLud/ez2HwkGNvLys9M3f/hQYSeHSwsWe8EqDYhVDra3gRTVo2AUjIJRMBIAADL1bztPx+ZhAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7486-464X","institution":"University of Gondar College of Natural and Computational Sciences","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Solomon","middleName":"","lastName":"Tesfaye","suffix":""},{"id":290254393,"identity":"f73f93c8-1c90-48e0-b2e6-71f6ffa86e41","order_by":1,"name":"Tibebnesh Getu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Gondar College of Natural and Computational Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Tibebnesh","middleName":"","lastName":"Getu","suffix":""},{"id":290254394,"identity":"eb15dd95-8c11-44b4-8856-bb8bb11870a9","order_by":2,"name":"Tilahun Yohanes","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Gondar College of Natural and Computational Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Tilahun","middleName":"","lastName":"Yohanes","suffix":""},{"id":290254395,"identity":"2d140a04-7ae7-435c-be5c-66cf2e1f5985","order_by":3,"name":"Damtew Bekele","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Ambo University College of Social Sciences and Humanities","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Damtew","middleName":"","lastName":"Bekele","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-04-03 13:50:15","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4213210/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4213210/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-024-00882-3","type":"published","date":"2024-08-20T15:57:21+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":63300628,"identity":"dc309ae3-1852-454a-9271-d713269e8a2c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-08-26 16:15:53","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":264401,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscriptVLactaparasitologicaintialsubmission.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4213210/v1_covered_b393bf2a-f243-45e8-9150-b51194f6e6d6.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Sero-prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis and associated risk factors among febrile patients attending Metema Hospital, West Gondar Zone, North West Ethiopia","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"acta-parasitologica","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"actp","sideBox":"Learn more about [Acta Parasitologica](http://link.springer.com/journal/11686)","snPcode":"11686","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/11686/3","title":"Acta Parasitologica","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Ethiopia, Metema, Prevalence, Risk factor, Visceral leishmaniasis","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4213210/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4213210/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIntroduction\u003c/strong\u003e: In Ethiopia, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a public health concern that has been spreading to new endemic foci in recent years. An estimated 3.2 million people are at risk of infection, with 3700–7400 new cases each year. Thus, the study was aimed at determining the prevalence of VL and associated risk factors among febrile patients attending Metema Hospital, North West Ethiopia.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods\u003c/strong\u003e: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 404 febrile patients from February 2021 to June 2021. The test for VL was done using an immune-chromatographic test (rK39) according to the manufacturer's instructions (InBios International Inc., USA). An interviewer-administered, pretested questionnaire was used to collect data on risk factors associated with VL. Logistic regression and Chi-square assessed the association between VL and the associated risk factors.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReults\u003c/strong\u003e: The overall prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis was 18.8% (76/404), with a higher prevalence of VL in males, in the age category between 21 and 30, in study participants who completed elementary school, and in those who earned less than 500 birr monthly compared to their counterparts. Houses with thatched roofs (adjusted odd ratio (AOR)=17.648, 95CI=6.549,47.563), houses with mud walls (AOR=2.538, 95% CI=1.187-5.411), cattle ownership (AOR=.3.173, 95% CI=1.286-7.826), dog ownership (AOR=2,533, 95%CI= 1.256-5.111), presence of acacia trees near houses (AOR=1.975, 95%CI:1.004-3.886), presence of banalities tree (AOR=3.015, 95%CI=1.610-5.992), and outdoor sleeping (AOR= 2.259, 95%CI: 1.107-14.607) were the predictors of VL in the present study.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusions\u003c/strong\u003e: In the study area, VL is still very common. Thus, preventing and controlling infection in the area is largely dependent on raising community awareness of VL prevention and control measures and implementing the necessary interventions on the determinants that have been identified.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Sero-prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis and associated risk factors among febrile patients attending Metema Hospital, West Gondar Zone, North West Ethiopia","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-04-16 02:22:43","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4213210/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Minor revisions","date":"2024-06-27T06:20:20+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2024-04-15T16:50:30+00:00","index":0,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2024-04-11T20:08:07+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2024-04-09T06:37:01+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Acta Parasitologica","date":"2024-04-03T09:50:08+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"acta-parasitologica","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"actp","sideBox":"Learn more about [Acta Parasitologica](http://link.springer.com/journal/11686)","snPcode":"11686","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/11686/3","title":"Acta Parasitologica","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"b58b0ee2-0ae3-444c-88b1-e0818d208582","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 16th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-08-26T16:08:22+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-4213210","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-024-00882-3","journal":{"identity":"acta-parasitologica","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Acta Parasitologica"},"publishedOn":"2024-08-20 15:57:21","publishedOnDateReadable":"August 20th, 2024"},"versionCreatedAt":"2024-04-16 02:22:43","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s11686-024-00882-3","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-024-00882-3","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4213210","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4213210","identity":"rs-4213210","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}