Factors Influencing Childhood Immunization Uptake in Africa: A Systematic Review.

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Abubakar Nasiru Galadima, Nor Afiah Mohd Zulkefli, Salmiah Md. Said, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-39516/v2 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 28 Jul, 2021 Read the published version in BMC Public Health → Version 2 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Abstract Background: Vaccine preventable diseases are still the most common cause of childhood mortality, with an estimated 3 million deaths every year, mainly in Africa and Asia. An estimate of 29% deaths among children aged 1–59 months resulted from vaccine preventable diseases. Despite the benefits of childhood immunisation uptake, routine vaccination coverage for all recommended Expand Program on Immunisation vaccines has remained poor in some African countries, such as Nigeria (31%), Ethiopia (43%), Uganda (55%) and Ghana (57%). The aim of this study is to collate evidence on the factors that influence childhood immunisation uptake in Africa as well as to provide evidence for future researchers in developing, implementing and evaluating intervention among African populations which will improve childhood immunisation uptake. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of articles on the factors influencing under-five childhood immunisation uptake in Africa. This was achieved by using various keywords, searching multiple databases (Medline, PubMed, CINAHL and Psychology and behavioural data collection) dated back from inception to 2020. Results: Out of 18,708 recorded citations retrieved, 324 abstracts were screened leading to 51 included studies. The factors that were found to influence childhood immunisation uptake were classified into modifiable and non-modifiable factors and were further classified into different groups based on relevance. The modifiable factors include obstetric factors, maternal knowledge, maternal attitude, self-efficacy and maternal outcome expectation. Whereas non-modifiable factors were sociodemographic factors of parent and child, logistic factors and administration factors. Conclusion: Different factors were found to influence under-five childhood immunisation uptake among parents in Africa. Immunisation health education intervention among pregnant women focusing on the significant findings from this systematic review would hopefully improve childhood immunisation uptake in African countries with poor coverage rates. Health Policy Health Economics & Outcomes Research Infectious Diseases childhood immunization uptake Africa Figures Figure 1 Background Vaccine Preventable Diseases (VPDs) are still the most common cause of childhood mortality with an estimated 3 million deaths every year, mainly in Africa and Asia [1]. A study conducted by the World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) in 2014, reported that an estimate of 29% deaths among children aged 1–59 months were due to vaccine preventable diseases [2]. In 2014, there were 24.1 million reported cases of pertussis, with the African region accounting for the highest proportions of 7.8 million (33%) cases [3]. Immunisation is considered as one of the most successful and cost-effective public health sustainable interventions for human beings against diseases that affect our health [4]. Routine immunisation plays an important key role to significantly reduce child mortality, resulting from vaccine preventable diseases. WHO revealed that immunisation has been estimated to prevent 3 million deaths globally every year [5]. Between 2000 and 2016, a decrease of 84% in the measles mortality rate was recorded worldwide due to the measles vaccination [6]. Likewise, a reduction in pertussis mortality was also recorded globally from 390,000 deaths in 1999 among children younger than 5 years of age to 160,700 deaths in 2014 as a result of vaccine effectiveness against pertussis [7, 6]. According to the Expand Program on Immunization (EPI), every child in Africa must receive one dose of Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG), Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV0) and Hepatitis B Vaccine (HBV1) at birth, Penta1 & OPV1 at 6 weeks of age, Penta2 & OPV2 at 10 weeks of age, Penta3 & OPV3 at 14 weeks of age and measles and yellow fever at 9 months of age. Despite the benefit of childhood immunisation uptake, routine vaccination coverage for all recommended EPI vaccines has remained poor in some African countries such as Nigeria (31%), Ethiopia (43%), Uganda (55%), Ghana (57%). The coverage is higher in some of the African countries, such as in Tanzania and Kenya (75% and 78%, respectively) [8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13]. Diphtheria Pertussis and Tetanus (DPT3) coverage is also low in African countries such as Nigeria (50%) [8]. However, these coverages are still below the targets endorsed by WHO in the 2012 Global Vaccine Action Plan, which aimed to ensure delivery of universal access to immunisation with associated targets reaching 90% national vaccination coverage and at least 80% vaccination coverage in every district [14]. Previous observational studies conducted among African countries and other parts of the world reported various factors that are influencing childhood immunisation uptake. These factors are socio-demographic factors including maternal age, maternal educational status, paternal educational status, mothers marital status, maternal occupation, family income, wealth index and ethnicity [15, 16, 17, 18] and obstetric factors including antenatal care follow-up, postnatal care follow-up, preceding birth interval and place of delivery [18, 19, 20, 21]. Despite the poor childhood immunisation uptake in African countries, no current systematic review has been conducted that focused on describing, in detail, the factors influencing childhood immunisation uptake in Africa. Therefore, the aim of this study is to collate evidence on the factors that influence childhood immunisation uptake in Africa as well as to provide evidence for future researchers in developing, implementing and evaluating intervention among African populations which will improve childhood immunisation uptake. This study will assist in developing health promotional programs and policies on childhood immunisation in Africa. Methods This systematic review was conducted and reported in accordance with published Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) [22]. Electronic Database Search We designed and implemented a comprehensive systematic literature search with the assistance of an experienced librarian using a well-developed strategy. The following databases were searched on the same date from date of inception to 26 th of October 2020: Medline, PubMed, CINAHL and Psychology and behavioural data collection. The search strategy comprised a combination of medical subheading (MeSH) terms and keywords: childhood immunization uptake, factors, influencing or affecting, child or new born or infant or baby, immunisation or vaccines or vaccination or pentavalent vaccine or Penta vaccine or Bacillus Calmette Guerin vaccine or BCG or Diphtheria Tetanus and Pertussis or DTP or Oral Polio vaccine or OPV or Measles vaccine or Yellow fever vaccine or Pneumococcal Conjugate vaccine or PCV or Hepatitis B vaccine or Hep B vaccine, uptake or adherence or compliance or coverage. The search strategy was developed in Medline and adapted for the other databases in order to account for differences in indexing. We imposed restriction to humans in the search process. Reference lists of included studies were also searched. We included any observational (cross-sectional, case-control and cohort), mixed method study (convergent, exploratory and explanatory type) and qualitative study design (phenomenological study and case study) conducted in Africa published in the English language with findings relating to childhood immunisation uptake. The participants of these studies were caregivers with children of less than 5 years of age. The included studies also reported data on association between possible predictors and childhood immunisation or provided details of any non-compliance (vaccine refusal). We also included peer-reviewed full text publications reporting an association between at least one individual factor and uptake of childhood immunisation. Moreover, no restrictions were imposed with regard to year of publication. We excluded articles without any description of study design, intervention studies (randomised controlled trial and quasi experimental design), review articles or systematic review and studies which made no mention of any of the Expand Program on Immunization target vaccines according to the National Program on Immunization (NPI). Description of study outcomes Parental socio demographic factors: maternal age, maternal education, paternal education, income, place of residence, maternal occupation and religion; child socio-demographic factors: child age and gender; religion and cultural beliefs; obstetric history: place of delivery, antenatal care follow-up and postnatal care follow-up; health care system: distance to hospital and availability of vaccine; knowledge; outcome expectation and self-efficacy. Selection of studies All searched articles were evaluated for eligibility in order to be included in the review. The main researcher first removed all duplicates and screened the titles using Microsoft Excel. Abstract screening was then conducted independently by two reviewers. The full text for any article considered potentially relevant was also retrieved independently by the two reviewers. Consensus was reached by discussion or involvement of a third reviewer when there were differences of opinion. Data extraction A data extraction form was designed and piloted for this review. The form was used to extract the following data: study characteristics such as authors name and year of publication, study location, method, study design, sample size, results and factors. Data was extracted independently by the two reviewers to ensure accuracy. Any difference of opinion was resolved by discussion or involvement of a third reviewer. Categorisation of Factors Associated with Immunisation Coverage The qualitative synthesis for the factors influencing childhood immunisation uptake among parents of children under-five years of age are categorised into two groups, namely modifiable and non-modifiable factors. Modifiable factors are considered as factors that are intrinsic to mothers/caregivers (can be changed through health education intervention targeting mothers/caregivers) while non-modifiable factors are considered as factors that are extrinsic to mothers/caregivers (cannot be changed through health education intervention targeting mothers/caregivers). This classification would enable researchers to plan an appropriate health education intervention with the use of appropriate health behavioural theory. Assessment of methodological quality ANG and NZ assessed the methodological quality for each of the included studies using criteria outlined in the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) for both quantitative and qualitative studies [23], which includes 8 items for cross-sectional study design and 10 items for both case-control and qualitative study designs respectively (refer to supplemental file 1). Any disagreement was resolved by discussion. In this review, we grouped articles in to three categories: high, moderate and low quality for their methodological qualities using the JBI critical appraisal tools; studies scoring > 70 % were considered as high quality, 60-69 % were moderate quality and < 60% were low quality. Data synthesis No meta-analysis was conducted, however, the results obtained from the systematic review were synthesised and placed in a logic framework. The various results obtained from the systematic review were shown in the logic framework and discussed in a narrative synthesis manner. The descriptive information and data for each of the included studies were captured using a table formulated by the researchers. This included study author, year and location; method; study design; sample size; results and factors. ANG synthesized the data and created a table with input from both NZ and SS. ANG and NZ grouped reported factors into two different categories namely: modifiable and non-modifiable factors. Results Of 18,708 recorded citations retrieved, 8279 duplicates and 33 articles published in languages other than English language were removed. After screening 10,396 titles, 324 records remained and their abstracts were screened. Seventy-nine records remained after abstracts were screened and their full text were assessed for eligibility. We excluded 44 studies in total of which 16 studies were not conducted in Africa, studies did not mention any of EPI vaccine, 9 were review studies and 7 were intervention studies. In total, 51 studies were included of which 35 are from the main database search, 8 from forward citation tracking and 8 from reference tracking. All the included studies looked into factors influencing childhood immunisation uptake in one of the African countries (figure 1). Table 2 contained a summary of the factors that influence under-five childhood immunisation uptake among mothers/caregivers. The studies used different study designs to portray the factors that influence under-five childhood immunisation uptake among parents. The majority of our epidemiological studies achieved at least 70 % scores which is considered high [16, 18, 20, 24-33, 35, 37-41, 44, 46-50, 53-54, 56, 57-59, 61-64, 66-70] and the overall risk of bias was moderate in 10 studies (Table 2) [15, 19, 34, 42-43, 45, 51-52, 55, 60]. Out of the 10 studies, 6 had a moderate risk of bias in confounding domain and 4 had a moderate risk of bias in outcome assessment domain. Moreover, none of the included epidemiological studies revealed either a serious or low risk of bias < 60%. Study locations The studies were conducted in various countries within Africa, namely Angola, Cameroon, Congo and Mozambique with one study each [56, 25, 26, 40]. Burkina Faso, Gambia, Ghana and Tanzania contributed two studies each [24, 54, 34, 35, 36, 37, 50, 51]. Kenya and Uganda contributed three studies each [38, 39, 53, 19, 52, 63] and Ethiopia fourteen studies [16, 20, 27-33, 59, 66-68, 70]. Most of the studies were conducted in Nigeria with a total number of 19 studies [15, 18, 41-49, 55, 57, 58, 60-62, 64, 69]. The majority of the study respondents were parents of children who were within the childhood immunisation schedule range. The studies focused on the factors that influence or determine childhood immunisation uptake. The majority of the studies were carried out mainly in West Africa (Nigeria) due to the poor childhood immunisation uptake in the nation. This demonstrated that most of the researches were still attempting to determine the main factors that play a role in influencing childhood immunisation uptake which will enable researchers to address the issues for the development of future health education intervention programs. Study type and respondents The majority of the studies were a cross-sectional study design with a total number of 42 studies, 3 qualitative study design [33, 46, 64], 4 mixed method [30, 32, 36, 69] and 2 case-control [27, 59]. The number of study respondents varied across the studies with 14 being the smallest and 7815 the largest. Factors associated with immunisation coverage Modifiable factors The factors that are considered as modifiable in this review are obstetric factors, maternal knowledge, maternal outcome expectation, maternal attitude, maternal self-efficacy and environmental factors. These factors were found to statistically influence childhood immunisation uptake in Africa. In respect to obstetric factors, place of delivery was reported in five studies with AOR ranging from 2.11-3.13; 95% CI: 1.09, 7.13 [40, 53, 63, 66, 68] and three studies also reported postnatal care follow-up with AOR ranging from 1.8-5.8; 95% CI: 1.21, 3.16 [20, 59, 63]. Six studies revealed antenatal care follow-up [16, 19, 66, 67, 68, 70], likewise maternal tetanus toxoid was reported in two studies with AOR ranging from 2.43-3.2; 95% CI: 1.10, 10.00 [31, 47]. Many studies reported factors relating to maternal knowledge, for example, knowledge on child immunisation (AOR=3.3; 95% CI: 1.87, 7.43) [27, 68], knowledge on preventive objective of immunisation (p<0.05) [24], lack of knowledge on vaccines which accounted for 50% reason for non-compliance [57], knowledge on child vaccination schedule, which was reported in three studies with an AOR ranging from 2.9-4.3; 95% CI: 1.42, 8.0 [29, 53, 59]. Likewise, awareness on immunisation and immunisation programs were also revealed in three studies (AOR=1.9-2.8; 95% CI: 1.44, 2.49) [20, 32, 56]. Two studies reported the impact of knowledge of VPDs (AOR= 2.5; 95% CI: 1.5, 4.2) [16, 61]. For maternal attitude and self-efficacy, three studies reported availability of child immunisation records (AOR= 2.38-7.7; 95% CI: 1.43, 10. 06) [20, 24, 43]. Likewise, four studies revealed fear of vaccine side effects (AOR= 1.92; 95% CI: 1.01, 3.70) [30, 57, 60, 62], negative beliefs towards childhood immunisation uptake [42], good perception of immunisation (AOR= 2.60; 95% CI: 1.50, 4.51) [45] and confidence towards vaccine safety (p< 0.05) [42]. With regards to maternal outcome expectation, three studies reported knowledge on benefit of childhood immunisation uptake (AOR=5.51; 95% CI: 1.52, 19.94) [29, 30, 52] and one study revealed severity of VPDs (p=0.045) [41]. With regards to environmental factors, two studies reported religious belief (OR=1.65: 95% CI: 1.15, 2.36) [40, 64]. Likewise, two studies also revealed cultural belief [55, 60]. Non-modifiable factors In this review, parental socio-demographic factors (maternal age, maternal education, paternal education, maternal marital status, area of residence, wealth index, number of siblings, religion, ethnicity and family income), child socio-demographic factors (gender, age) and environmental factors (distance to health facility, mode of transportation, accessibility of vaccination site, satisfaction with vaccine services, quality of vaccine provider clients relationship and availability of vaccine) are considered as non-modifiable factors. These factors were found to statistically influence childhood immunisation uptake in Africa. In respect to parental socio-demographic factors, three studies reported maternal age (AOR=1.08-9.54; 95% CI: 1.08, 18.09; p<0.05) [30, 31, 33], nine studies reported maternal educational status (AOR=3.55-7.50; 95% CI: 1.02, 10.60) [15, 18, 53, 54, 18, 66, 67, 68, 70], three studies reported paternal education (AOR=3.1; 95% CI: 1.3, 7.4) [16, 44, 59], three studies reported maternal occupation and mothers’ marital status respectively (AOR=1.62-3.01; 95% CI: 1.0, 5.8) [16, 66, 37, 58]. Another two studies reported area of residence (AOR=2.70; 95% CI: 1.52, 4.81) [18, 53], wealth index was reported in three studies (AOR=1.4-2.38; 95% CI: 1.06, 3.73) [20, 66. 70], three studies reported family income (AOR=3.2; 95% CI: 1.4, 7.4) [16, 24, 59], one study reported number of siblings (APR=1.42; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.71) [56], two studies reported religion (p<0.05) [19, 40], three studies reported nomadic lifestyle (OR= 11.06; 95% CI: 4.29, 28.54) [39, 53, 69] and ethnicity was also reported in two studies (AOR=2.47; 95% CI: 1.28, 4.76) [48, 53]. Regarding child socio-demographic factors, child age was reported in two studies (p<0.05) [55, 56] whilst one study reported gender (OR= 2.98; 95% CI: 1.21, 7.35) [42]. In relation to environmental factors, distance to health facility was revealed in four studies (AOR=2.11-3.10; 95% CI: 1.46, 6.30) [16, 40, 53, 68], one study reported mode of transportation (AOR= 1.54; 95% CI: 1.20, 1.97) [35], accessibility of vaccination site was also revealed in one study (AOR=4.54; 95% CI: 2.34, 8.77) [28], four studies reported satisfaction with vaccine services (AOR= 2.63; 95% CI: 1.1, 6.3) [50, 55, 60, 64], quality of vaccine provider clients relationship was recorded in one study (AOR= 1.86; 95% CI: 1.03, 3.50) [50] and vaccine availability in three studies [55, 60, 69]. Discussion The main reason for conducting this systematic review was to identify the factors that influence under-five childhood immunisation uptake among parents. In this review, many factors have been found to influence childhood immunisation uptake and are categorized and reviewed below. Parental socio-demographic factors Maternal age was revealed to be a factor influencing childhood immunisation uptake in a case-control study conducted in Ethiopia that involved 548 children aged between 12 to 23 months, in which mothers over 19 years of age were approximately 10 times more likely to have their children fully immunised compared with mothers under 19 years of age [30]. This may be due to knowledge gained over time on the importance of immunisation by mothers over 19 years of age, combined with the negative impact on children due to lack of immunisation. This finding is supported by two studies conducted in Ethiopia [31, 32]. In this review, maternal education was the most common reported parental sociodemographic factor found to influence childhood immunisation. Mothers with at least a primary or secondary school education, were found to be approximately eight times more likely to have their children fully immunised compared with mothers with no formal education [55]. This is more likely due to the fact that as the educational status of mothers is improving, the seeking behaviour of children may perhaps increase, which in turn may have positive impacts towards childhood immunisation uptake [55]. Furthermore, this could also be as a result of changes that accompany maternal education, such as changes in attitudes, traditions and beliefs, increased autonomy and control over household resources which enhance healthcare seeking [53]. Similar findings have been reported in many studies [53, 15, 54, 18, 66-68, 70]. From a cross-sectional study conducted in the Sinana District of Ethiopia, consisting of 591 children aged 12-23 months, paternal education was also found to be statistically associated with the child immunisation status. Children with fathers who had a secondary or higher educational level, were three times more likely to be fully vaccinated compared with children whose fathers have no formal education [16, 44, 59]. As the educational status of fathers is improving, the seeking behaviour of children may perhaps increase, which in turn may have positive impacts towards childhood immunisation uptake [44]. Results from a cross-sectional study conducted in the Sinana District of Ethiopia, consisting of 591 children aged 12-23 months, has found maternal occupation to be statistically associated with child immunisation uptake. The proportion of children who were not fully vaccinated was found to be higher among mothers who are housewives [16]. Mothers whose occupation was in the farming sector, were less likely to be totally dependent to their spouses in terms of financial support and were found to be almost twice as likely to complete the immunisation of their children, compared with mothers who were housewives. A likely reason for this would be that mothers would not be reliant on their spouses to provide transport fees in order to take their children to be immunised. They will also probably have been exposed to information on the benefit of childhood immunisation uptake through access to media [16]. This finding is supported by another cross-sectional study conducted in Ethiopia [66]. The marital status of a mother was reported to have an influence towards childhood immunisation. In a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in Ghana involving 280 mothers, it was found that divorced mothers were 3 times less likely to complete immunisation schedules of their children compared with mothers who were married [37]. In a cross-sectional study conducted in Nigeria involving 232 mothers (children aged 12-23 months), married women were observed to have a significantly adequate knowledge of immunisation which may increase the likelihood of achieving a higher rate of immunised children compared with their counterparts who were either single/divorced/widowed or separated [58]. The marital status of a mother may enhance her knowledge in the sense that those that are married may have more access to education when compared to single mothers who may have other responsibilities and would instead tend to put their education aside in order to meet the needs of their children [37]. The supportive role of their partners may also enhance her knowledge if both partners jointly try to find ways to better the health status of their offspring [58]. A cross-sectional study from this review that was conducted in Kenya, which consisted of 298 mothers with children aged 12-23 months, showed that area of residence statistically influenced childhood immunisation uptake. Children who lived in urban areas were 12 times more like to be vaccinated compared to children living in rural communities [53]. In Nigeria, results obtained using NDHS data involving 5,754 children aged between 12-23 months, also revealed a statistical association between area of residence and child immunisation status. Children located in urban areas were more likely to be vaccinated compared to children leaving in rural communities. This may probably be attributed to the fact that parents living in urban areas were more likely to be educated which may increase their knowledge towards the benefit of childhood immunisation uptake compared to parents living in rural areas [18]. Three different cross-sectional studies conducted in Ethiopia among children aged 12-23 months found wealth index to be a factor influencing childhood immunisation uptake. Children born to mothers from a rich index group were found to be twice as likely to be fully vaccinated compared with children from mothers from a poor wealth index group [20, 66, 70]. Rich parents may have more access to media and probably have more exposure to information on the benefit of childhood immunisation uptake. Family income was found to be another factor influencing childhood immunisation uptake in a cross-sectional study conducted in Burkina Faso consisting of 591 children aged between 12-23 months. The study found that if the income of a family is greater than 1000 ETB or 52 USD, it increases the tendency of having children fully vaccinated in that family by approximately three times when compared with a poor family with a lesser income [16]. The family with a higher income may have easier access to Immunisation Centres due to accessible effective transportation options and would have less financial challenges when compared with families with a lower income. This finding was also supported by two cross-sectional study designs [ 24, 59]. The number of siblings was also found to be a factor affecting childhood immunisation uptake in a cross-sectional study conducted in Angola involving 1,209 children under 5 years of age. A family comprising 2 to 3 siblings were more likely to vaccinate their children compared with a family with less than 2 siblings [56]. This may be due to experience gained over time on the importance of immunisation as well as the medical complications that have occurred in children due to lack of immunisation. Religion has been revealed by studies to be a factor influencing childhood immunisation uptake. From a cross-sectional study conducted in Uganda using Uganda Demographic Health Survey data, child immunisation uptake was affected by religion status. Children from Muslim families had a lesser chance of been fully vaccinated compared with children from Catholic families [19]. Likewise, in Mozambique parents with no religious affiliation were found to be twice as likely not to complete their childhood immunisation uptake [40]. This could be due to the circulation of false information obtained via religious networks. This false information may be linked to negative beliefs of vaccines, for example, the belief that vaccines are composed of anti-fertility drugs [65]. Nomadic lifestyle was found to be associated with child immunisation uptake in Kenya. Children born to a family who practice a nomadic lifestyle, were found to be 11 times more likely not to be fully vaccinated compared with children born to a family that do not practice a nomadic lifestyle [39,53, 69]. The family who practice a nomadic lifestyle may constantly change their location, switching from one place to another where immunisation services may not be readily accessible [53]. Ethnicity was found to be a factor affecting childhood immunisation uptake in Nigeria in which children belonging to the Igbo ethnic group were about three times more likely to be fully vaccinated compared to children belonging to an ethnic group such as Hausa, Yoruba and others [48, 55]. These disparities could be attributed to the factors prevalent at community level, for example, in the Hausa community there is low level of education, high poverty, poor utilisation of antenatal care and home delivery and all these factors are associated with poor immunisation uptake. It could also be due to a misconception regarding the safety of vaccines and fear of vaccine side effects [48]. These findings are consitent with the findings from a systematic review conducted to determine the significant factors of adherence among parents or caregivers of under-five childhood immunisation schedules, even though the review did not specifically focus on Africa [73]. Child socio-demographic factors Child gender was found to be associated with child immunisation uptake in Ibadan, Nigeria where a male child is about three times more likely to be immunised compared with a female child [42]. This may be attributed to the beliefs of parents that immunisation will have negative impacts to their daughters at their child bearing age. A contradicting finding was revealed with regards to influence of child age on immunisation uptake. In Nigeria, higher immunisation uptake was observed in children above 1 year of age (84.4%) compared with children below 1 year (63.6%) and this could be due to the fact that some mothers are delaying the child immunisation uptake until their children reach a certain age, having negative beliefs that their children are too young to be immunised [55]. In Angola, higher immunisation uptake was seen in children who were one year of age or less compared with children that were above one year of age. This could be attributed to the lectures received by mothers towards benefits of timely childhood immunisation uptake during their antenatal and postnatal care. It is likely that the content of health education delivered to the mothers has changed with more emphasis placed on the benefit of childhood immunisation uptake [56]. Obstetric factors Antenatal care follow-up (ANC) was found to be a factor influencing childood immunisation uptake in a cross-sectional study conducted in Ethiopia that involved 591 children aged between 12-23 months. The study showed mothers who frequently attend ANC during their pregnancy were about four times more likely to have their children fully vaccinated compared with mothers who did not attend ANC regularly [16]. This finding is supported by the findings of a study conducted in Uganda and four more studies from Ethiopia [19, 66, 67, 68, 70]. Mothers who frequented health facilities during pregnancy may have received counselling on childhood immunisation where the importance of timely childhood immunisation uptake may be prioritised regularly [16]. The postnatal check-up was also found to be an influencing factor towards childhood uptake where children who received a check-up within two months after birth were twice more likely to be fully vaccinated compared to those who did not receive a check-up after delivery [20, 59, 63]. This can be attributed to educational sessions that mothers were exposed to during postnatal visits where the importance of timely immunisation of the baby may be emphasised [20]. The maternal tetanus toxoid (MTT) vaccine was also noted to be a factor influencing childhood immunisation uptake. Mothers who received at least one dose of the MTT vaccine were three times more likely to have their children fully immunised compared with mothers who did not receive any dose of the MTT vaccine [31, 47]. This could be attributed to the knowledge that mothers may have obtained regarding the benefit of childhood immunisation uptake during the MTT vaccination in their health centre [47]. Children who were delivered in hospitals were more likely to have a complete vaccination status compared with children delivered at home [40, 53, 63]. Mothers who had hospital deliveries may receive advice after delivery where the importance of timely immunisation of the baby may be emphasised and therefore they are more likely to receive their vaccines [40]. Maternal Knowledge Having a good maternal knowledge on child immunisation was revealed to be a predictor for child immunisation uptake in a case-control study conducted in Northern Ethiopia. Children of mothers with a good knowledge on child immunisation were found to be three times more likely to be completely immunised compared with children whose mothers had a poor knowledge on child immunisation [27]. This finding is consistent with the previous systematic review conducted in Sub-Saharan Africa [71]. In Burkina Faso, mothers with a knowledge on preventive objectives of immunisation were more likely to have their children immunised compared with mothers without knowledge [24]. In a household-level cluster survey consisting of 7,815 children conducted in Nigeria that involved 40 polio high-risk districts of Nigeria, lack of maternal knowledge regarding vaccines was found to be the main reason contributing to poor childhood immunisation uptake which accounted for 50% reasons for non-vaccination [57]. Maternal knowledge on vaccines and VPDs were also shown to influence childhood immunisation uptake in Southeast Ethiopia, where children whose mothers had a good knowledge on vaccines and VPDs were found to be three times more likely to be fully vaccinated compared with children of mothers who had a poor knowledge of vaccines and VPDs [16]. A similar finding was also found in Nigeria [61]. Maternal knowledge on child vaccine schedules was revealed to statistically influence child immunisation uptake where mothers who had knowledge on schedules of vaccines were found to be four times more likely to fully immunise their children compared with mothers who has no knowledge of vaccine schedules [29, 53, 59]. Mothers with knowledge of immunisation schedules may know the exact time for each childhood immunisation uptake and they might also know the benefit of timely immunisation uptake for their children. In parents who have an awareness on immunisation and immunisation programs, they were three times more likely to have their children immunised compared with their counterparts [20, 32, 56]. Childhood immunisation uptake can be negatively affected by the knowledge of mothers. The more knowledge they acquire, the higher the tendency of increasing their confidence towards childhood immunisation uptake. Maternal attitude and self efficacy Studies have shown that mothers who have their child immunisation records were more likely to have their children fully immunised compared with mothers without child immunisation records [20, 24, 43]. In Nigeria, the poor attitude of mothers accounted for (16%) among the reasons for poor childhood immunisation uptake [57]. Among 248 defaulting mothers in Ibadan, Nigeria, more than half of this group reported that the reason for defaulting was that they considered childhood immunisation to be a waste of time [42]. The children whose mothers had a positive perception towards vaccine side effects, were twice more likely to be fully immunised compared with children whose mothers had a negative perception towards vaccine side effects [30]. Many studies also reported fear of vaccine side effects influenced immunisation uptake [57, 60, 62]. Mothers who lacked confidence towards vaccine safety, were less likely to have their children immunised [42]. Mothers with a good perception on immunisation were three times more likely to have their children fully immunised compared with mothers with a poor perception on immunisation [45]. The attitudes of mothers towards childhood immunisation uptake is influenced by their perception. This in turn can decrease their confidence towards childhood immunisation uptake. Maternal outcome expectations Mothers who knew the benefits of childhood immunisation were six times more likely to have their children fully immunised compared with their counterparts [29, 30]. Having an expectation towards the protection that follows childhood immunisation significantly influences childhood immunisation [52]. Furthermore, knowing the seriousness of VPDs was also found to be a predictor for non-compliance [41]. The more knowledge mothers acquired with regards to the benefit of child immunisation and consequences of not immunising a child, the higher the tendency of increasing their practice confidence towards childhood immunisation uptake. This finding is consistent with the findings from a systematic review previously conducted that aimed to identify factors associated with immunisation coverage in poor urban areas and slums [72]. Environmental factors Environmental factors are classified as social factors and health care system or logistic factors. Religious belief was revealed to be one of the social factors influencing childhood immunisation uptake in Mozambique. Mothers who considered immunisation as unacceptable in their religion were less likely to have their children fully immunised compared with mothers who did not consider immunisation as unacceptable in their religion [40]. Lack of adequate involvement by religious and traditional leaders in immunisation activities was found to be a reason for immunisation failure in Borno State, Nigeria [64]. In Nigeria, cultural beliefs against immunisation are found to be destructive towards childhood immunisation uptake [55, 60]. This could probably be due to the circulation of false information via the use of either family or religious networks. For instance, this false information might be linked to negative beliefs towards vaccines. For example, beliefs that vaccines were composed of anti-fertility drugs and therefore could destroy the eggs of females and cause damage to her reproductive system [65]. Traditional and religious leaders are highly respected and are generally regarded and accepted as the custodians of traditions entrusted to them to provide traditional guidance to their respective communities. Therefore, their involvement in immunisation activities will help increase immunisation acceptance and uptake since the community trust their views on various matters [64]. In Kenya, distance to health facilities was found to affect childhood immunisation uptake among 298 respondents. Children belonging to mothers or caregivers who travelled a short distance to the health facility for immunisation were 18 times more likely to be fully vaccinated compared with children whose mothers or caregivers travelled further to a health facility for their children’s immunisations [53]. This was supported by three studies conducted in Mozambique and Ethiopia [16, 40, 68]. These findings were in line with the previous systematic review conducted in Sub-Saharan Africa [71]. The mode of transportation for immunisation was also found to be an influencing factor where mothers who make use of public transport were twice more likely to have their children fully immunised compared to mothers who walked [35]. Accessibility of vaccination sites was found to be a predictor for childhood immunisation uptake in Southern Ethiopia. Mothers who considered immunisation sites to be accessible were 5 times more likely to have their children fully immunised compared to mothers who did not consider it accessible [28]. Satisfaction with vaccine services was also found to influence childhood immunisation uptake in Tanzania among 380 mothers of children aged 12-23 months. Mothers who are satisfied with vaccine services were about three times more likely to have their children vaccinated compared with mothers who were unsatisfied with vaccine services [50, 55, 60, 64]. The way vaccine providers behave could either enhance or discourage mothers from taking their children for vaccinations [50]. The quality of vaccine provider clients’ relationship was also found to be a predictor for childhood immunisation uptake in Tanzania among 380 participants. Mothers who had a positive perception towards quality of vaccine provider clients’ relationship were twice more likely to have their children fully immunised compared to mothers who had a negative perception towards quality of vaccine provider clients’ relationship [50]. This could probably be due to the way vaccine providers behave which may either enhance or discourage mothers from taking their children for vaccinations [50]. In Nigeria, the unavailability of vaccines when required was also found to be a reason for defaulting on childhood immunisation uptake [55, 60, 69]. Mothers may have spent a considerable amount of money in order to access health care on several occasions. However, the service was not always available which resulted in them becoming discouraged and they failed to complete the immunisation uptake of their children [55]. The findings of the study will benefit policy makers in making decisions and formulating appropriate guidelines and policies with regards to childhood immunisation uptake in Africa. These findings can also enable other researchers to plan an appropriate health education intervention encompassing an appropriate health behavioural theory to address the factors affecting childhood immunisation uptake among African countries. The strengthening of childhood immunisation policies, strategies and further research examining the causal relationship on childhood immunisation in Africa are required. Social cognitive theory (SCT) is one of the health theories commonly used in health education interventions [74, 75] which describes human behaviour through the influence of personal and environmental factors [76]. The theory accounts for human behaviour, cognition and environment and is the only health theory that takes into account reciprocal interaction, unlike other theories such as Information Motivation Behavioural Skills model [74, 77]. In this systematic review, there are many factors that has been found to influence childhood immunisation uptake in Africa like personal factors (parental sociodemographic factors, obstetric factors, knowledge gaps, negative attitudes, outcome expectation and lack of self-efficacy) and environmental factors (social factors and healthcare system) [16, 18-20, 24-65]. Therefore, using this theory may enable researchers to address both the personal and environmental factors influencing childhood immunisation uptake. The majority of our included studies achieved at least high scores [16, 18, 20, 24-33, 35, 37-41, 44, 46-50, 53-54, 56, 57-59, 61-64, 66-70] and the overall risk of bias was moderate in ten studies [15, 19, 34, 42-43, 45, 51-52, 55, 60]. Moreover, none of the included studies revealed either a serious or low risk of bias . Our study has acknowledged some limitations. This review may be prone to publication bias as grey literature/unpublished literatures and studies that are not published in the English language were not considered. Conducting a quantitative meta-analysis in this systematic review may be very important for analysing quantitative trend. The majority of the literatures cited in this review are observational in nature and therefore, this study is lacking evidence for causation. Furthermore, many studies relied on survey data which may increase the risk of nonresponse bias or selection bias. Conclusion In conclusion, various factors influencing childhood immunisation uptake in Africa were identified from this systematic review. The factors were categorised into two main groups, modifiable and non-modifiable factors which were later divided further. The modifiable factors (obstetric history, maternal knowledge, maternal attitude and self-efficacy and maternal outcome expectation) were revealed as having a direct relationship with the childhood immunisation uptake. Many factors and results attained from this review could enable the researchers to further understand and develop necessary intervention in order to address the issue of the factors influencing childhood immunisation uptake. Finally, we recommend an immunisation health education intervention among pregnant women focusing on the significant findings from this systematic review which may hopefully improve childhood immunisation uptake among countries with poor coverage in Africa. Abbreviations VPDs: vaccine preventable diseases EPI: Expanded Programme on immunization AOR: adjusted odd ratio OR: odd ratio APR: adjusted prevalence ratio CI: confidence interval Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate Not applicable Consent for publication Not applicable. Availability of data and materials All data generated during this study are included in this article. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Funding No external funding was received for this systematic review Authors’ contributions ANG conceived the study with NZ, and SS advised on the methods. ANG undertook the searches and titles for screening. ANG and NZ and SS agreed final inclusions and undertook data extraction. ANG, NZ, SS and NA contributed to write-up and editing of the final paper. All authors have read and approved the final version of this manuscript. Acknowledgements The authors gratefully acknowledge electronic database searches done using Sultan Abdul Samad library, Universiti Putra Malaysia. Author details Department of Community Health, faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia. 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Cross-sectional n=476 Knowledge of the preventive objectives of immunization: Illiterate parent vs literate parents 7.8% Vs 90%, p= 0.030 completely immunized; Availability of a vaccination record document: Yes vs no: OR=2.381; 95% CI: 1.436-3.948, p=0.001; Religion: Muslims Vs Others OR=1.813; 95% CI: 1.102-2.985, p=0.019; Marital status: Monogamous parent’s vs polygamous parents; 61.4% vs 34.2%, p<0.05; Economic status: 4 th quartile vs 1 st , 2 nd and 3 rd : OR= 2.100; 95% CI: 1.242-3.554, p=0.006 1. Knowledge 2. Availability of child immunization record 3. Religion 4. Marital status 5. Economic status Chiabi,2017 (Yaounde, Cameroon) [25] Pre-tested questionnaire and children’s vaccination booklets Cross-sectional n=400 Maternal educational status: Higher education vs primary and secondary (AOR= 7.0; 95% CI: 2.16-22.68, p= 0.001). Paternal occupational status: Employed vs unemployed (AOR= 12.39; 95% CI: 2.21-69.26, p=0.004) 1. Maternal education 2. Paternal occupation Mwamba, 2017 (Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo) [26] Structured interview Cross-sectional n=1224 Distance to health facility: 30 minutes p=0.04; Mothers thought child vaccine is up-to date: Yes vs No <0.001. 1. Distance to health facility 2. Mothers thought Aregawi , 2017 (LaelayAdiabo District, Northern Ethiopia) [27] Structured questionnaire Case-control n=270 Maternal knowledge on Immunization: Good vs poor (AOR = 3.3,95% CI:1.87–7.43). Post-natal care follow-up: Yes vs no (AOR = 5.2,95%CI:2.36–11.46). participation in women’s developmental groups: Good vs poor (AOR = 3.3,95%CI 1.54–7.08). Health extension worker visit: Yes vs no (AOR = 2.68,95%CI:1.30–5.51). Distance to health facility: 30 minutes (AOR =3.56,95%CI:1.58–8.01). Other reasons for defaulting: Child illness 21.1%; Forgetfulness 17.80%; Inconvenience time 8.9%; Lack awareness about vaccine 7.80%; Not knowing return for 2 nd and 3 rd dose 7.80%; Vaccine not available 5.60% and Fear of side effect 4.40%. 1. Maternal knowledge on immunization 2. Post-natal care 3. Participation in women’s developmental groups 4. Health extension worker visit 5. Attitude 6. Lack of awareness 7. Lack of knowledge on EPI schedule 8. Availability of vaccine Animaw, 2014 (Arba Minch town and Zuria District, Southern Ethiopia) [28] Semi structured questionnaire and child immunization record Cross-sectional n=630 Maternal educational status: Primary or above vs no education (AOR=2.22; 95% CI 1.31,3.76). Accessible vaccination site: Yes vs no (AOR=4.54; 95%CI:2.34,8.77). Nearest vaccine site: Health post vs outreach (AOR=1.89; 95% CI: 1.07,3.33). 1. Maternal education 2. Accessible vaccine site 3. Nearest vaccine site Etana, 2012 (Ambo Woreda, Central Ethiopia) [29] Structured questionnaire and child immunization record Cross-sectional n=536 Maternal Knowledge on benefit of immunization: Yes vs no (OR=4.5; 95% CI: 2.5,7.9). Maternal Knowledge on age to start immunization: Yes vs no (AOR=2.9, 95% CI: 1.9,4.6). Maternal knowledge on age to complete child immunization: Yes vs no (AOR=4.3; 95%CI:2.3,8.0). ANC follow-up: Yes vs no (AOR=2.4; 95% CI:1.2,4.9). Maternal knowledge on total immunization session: Yes vs no (OR=1.7; 95%CI:1.1,2.5). Place of delivery: Hospital vs home (AOR=2.1; 95% CI: 1.3,3.4). 1. Maternal knowledge on benefit of vaccine 2. Knowledge on age to start child immunization 3. Knowledge on age to complete child immunization 4. ANC follow-up 5. Maternal knowledge on total immunization session 6. Place of delivery Negussie, 2016(Arbegona district, southern Ethiopia) [30] Structured questionnaire and focused group discussion Mixed method n=548 Case-control findings Maternal Age: >19 years vs < 19 years (AOR=9.54; 95% CI: 5.03, 18.09, p=0.001). Knew the benefits of immunization: Yes vs no (AOR=5.51; 95% CI:1.52, 19.94. p=0.009). Perception about vaccine side effects: Positive vs negative (AOR=1.92; 95% CI:1.01, 3.70). Birth order: 1 vs 2 – 4 (AOR=3.64; 95% CI:1.63, 8.14, p 5 (AOR=5.27; 95% CI:2.20, 12.64, p=0.002). Qualitative findings Maternal migration, fear of vaccine side effect, unavailability of vaccine, knowledge on EPI schedule. 1. Maternal age 2. Knowledge on benefit of immunization 3. Perception about vaccine side effect 4. Birth order 5. Maternal migration 6. Availability of vaccine 7. knowledge on EPI Lakew,2015(Ethiopia) [20] Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) women questionnaire Cross-sectional n=1927 Source of immunization information: Immunization record vs mothers self-report (AOR=7.7; 95% CI: 5.95-10.06). postnatal check-up: Yes vs no (AOR= 1.8; 95% CI: 1.28-2.56). women’s awareness of community conversation program: Yes vs no (AOR= 1.9; 95% CI: 1.44-2.49). wealth index: Rich vs poor (AOR= 1.4, 95% CI:1.06-1.94). 1. Source of information 2. PNC check-up 3. Awareness 4. Wealth index Mohamud, 2014(Jigjiga District, Somali National Regional State, Ethiopia) [31] Structured questionnaire Cross-sectional n=582 Maternal age: > 20 years vs < 19 years (AOR= 2.19; 95% CI:1.26,3.83). Maternal literacy: Literate vs illiterate (AOR= 3.06; 95% CI:1.64,5.71). Place of residence: Urban vs rural (AOR=2.04; 95% CI:1.33,3.13). Maternal TT vaccine: Yes vs no (AOR=2.43; 95% CI: 1.56,3.77). Place of delivery: Hospital vs home (AOR= 2.02; 95% CI:1.24,3.28). Household visit by health workers: Yes vs no (AOR= 1.92; 95% 1.17,3.16). 1. Maternal age 2. Maternal literacy 3. Place of residence 4. Maternal TT vaccine 5. Place of delivery 6. House hold visit by health workers Abebe, 2019 (BassonaWorena Woreda, Amhara Region, Ethiopia) [32] Structured questionnaire and focused group discussion Mixed method n=575 Cross-sectional findings Maternal age: > 40 years versus < 40 years (AOR = 1.9; 95% CI 1.12, 5.83). Awareness about immunization: Yes vs no (AOR = 2.8; 95% CI 1.67, 9.34). ANC follow-up: Yes vs no (AOR = 3.67; 95% CI 1.96, 6.78). Availability of health facility: Yes vs no (AOR = 1.49; 95% CI 1.06, 8.12). Qualitative findings Lack of awareness on immunization; no faith on immunization; ANC follow-up; availability of health facility 1. Maternal age 2. Awareness 3. ANC follow-up 4. Availability of health facility 5. Lack of faith Zewdie et al, 2016 (Hadiya zone, Southern Ethiopia) [33] Focused group discussion Qualitative n=14 Lack of awareness on immunization; no faith on immunization; ANC follow-up; availability of health facility; knowledge of benefits of immunization; knowledge of vaccination schedules and service arrangements; lack of social support from family; loss of vaccination card; problems with vaccine supply and service arrangement; health systems and health care provider factors; poor counselling and client-provider relationships are influencing childhood immunization uptake. Payne, 2013 (Gambia) [34] Farafenni Health and Demographic Surveillance System (FHDSS). Cross-sectional n=7363 Ethnic group: Wolof vs Mandika (AOR=1.52; 95% CI:1.28–1.81, p <0.001). Wealth index: Quintile 5 vs Quintile 1 (AOR= 1.49; 95% CI: 1.09–2.04, p= 0.011). 1. Ethnic group 2. Wealth index Odutola, 2015 (Western region of Gambia) [35] Structured questionnaire Cross-sectional n=1154 Place of birth: Hospital vs home (AOR=1.47; 95% CI: 1.05–2.07, p=0.001). Mode of transportation: Public transport vs walking (AOR=1.54; 95% CI:1.20–1.97, p=0.02). Birth order: > 2 vs < 2 (AOR:1.37; 95% CI: 1.04–1.79). 1. Place of birth 2. Mode of transportation 3. Birth order Bosu, 1997 (Komenda-Edina-Eguafo-Abrem District of Ghana) [36] Structured questionnaire and focused group discussion Mixed method n=469 Cross-sectional findings Knowledge of EPI diseases: Inadequate Vs adequate: 30.35% vs 17.58% children not fully immunized. Mothers who never attend child immunization (n=74): financial difficulties (37.8%); baby too young (14.9%); mothers travelled out of community (13.5%); mothers too busy (4.1%) 1. Knowledge on EPI diseases 2. Financial difficulties 3. Mothers attitude Anokye, 2018 (Koforidua, Ghana) [37] Structured questionnaire Cross-sectional n=280 Marital status: Married vs divorced (AOR=3.01; 95% CI: 1.59–58.2, p= 0.048); Employment status: Working part-time vs unemployed (AOR=2.28; 95% CI:1.031–9.11, p= 0.049); Maternal income: >100 cedes vs <100 cedes (AOR=2.41; 95% CI:1.56–2.01). 1. Marital status 2. Employment status 3. Income Mutua, 2011 (Korogocho and Viwandani slums of Nairobi, Kenya) [38] Nairobi Urban Health and Demographic Surveillance System (NUHDSS) Cross-sectional n=1848 Place of delivery: Hospital vs home (OR=1.27; 95% CI: 1.002,1.619). Maternal education: Complete primary school vs not complete (OR=1.3024; 95% CI: 1.011,1.676). Maternal age: > 20 years vs < 20 years (OR=1.48; 95% CI: 1.057,2.079). 1. Place of delivery 2. Maternal education 3. Maternal age Pertet, 2018 (pastoralist community of Kenya) [39] An interviewer-administered questionnaire Cross-sectional n=515 lack of vaccines, p=0.002; location of health facility, p=<.001; nomadic lifestyle: OR=9.0; 95% CI: 1.11, 72.66, p =0.006 1. Availability of vaccine 2. Location of health facility 3. Nomadic lifestyle Jani, 2008 (Southern Mozambique)[40] Face to face Interview Cross-sectional n=668 Distance to health facility: Near vs far away (OR=3.64; 95% CI: 1.71,7.74, p=0.001). Maternal schooling: Yes vs no (OR=2.24; 95% CI: 1.41,3.56, p=0.001). Knowledge on EPI: Yes vs no (OR=2.02; 95% CI: 1.19,3.42, p=0.009). Religious beliefs: Yes vs no (OR=1.65; 95% CI: 1.15,2.36, p=0.004). Child born: Inside Mozambique vs outside (OR=5.20; 95% CI: 3.35,11.51, p<0.001). Place of delivery: Hospital vs home (OR=1.78; 95% CI: 1.28,3.36, p=0.03). Marital status: Married vs divorced or widowed (OR=1.68; 95% CI: 1.07,2.64, p=0.02). 1. Distance to HF 2. Maternal schooling 3. Knowledge on EPI 4. Religious beliefs 5. Child born location 6. Place of delivery 7. Marital status Umeh, 2018 Northern Nigeria [41] Face to face interview Cross-sectional n=396 Compliant vs non-compliant Satisfaction with immunization p=0.001; refusal to vaccination p=0.001; doubt about Immunization p=0.001; worries about Vaccination Safety p=0.001; knowledge on importance of vaccination p=0.001; seriousness of VPDs p=0.045. 1. Immunization satisfaction 2. Attitudes 3. Knowledge on important of vaccination 4. Seriousness of VPDs Oladokun, 2010 (Ibadan, Nigeria) [42] Face to face interviewe Cross-sectional n=248 Maternal education: Primary vs none: OR=5.90; 95% CI: 1.87,17.92, p=0.002. Religion: Christianity vs Islam: OR=3.05; 95%: 1.20,7.81, p=0.019. Gender of child: Male vs female: OR= 2.98; 95% CI: 1.21, 7.35, p=0.017. Mothers Beliefs and attitudes on Immunization: 248 defaulters: availability of vaccines 65 (26.2%); lack of knowledge on EPI 41 (16.5%); inconvenient time 34 (13.7%); lack of knowledge on benefit of immunization 24 (9.7%); child ill 25 (10.1%); Immunization is waste of time 129 (52%); immunization is harmful to children 81 (32.7%) 1. Maternal education 2. Religion 3. Child gender 4. Mothers beliefs and attitude Babalola, 2008South and Northern Nigeria [43] Face to face interview Cross-sectional n=1472 Place of delivery: Hospital vs home (OR=2.54). child immunization record: Yes vs no (OR=2.10). Immunization ideation: High vs low (OR=6.04). 1. Place of delivery 2. Child immunization record 3. Immunization ideation Odusanya, 2008 Edo State, Nigeria [44] Interviewer administer questionnaire Cross-sectional n=339 Child immunization record: Yes vs no (p=0.002) 1. Child immunization record Taiwo, 2017 Kaduna State, Nigeria [45] Semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire Cross-sectional n=379 Maternal education: educated vs uneducated (AOR= 1.90; 95% CI: 1.11,3.28). Maternal perception on immunization: Good vs poor (AOR= 2.60; 95% CI: 1.50,4.51). Maternal knowledge on immunization: Satisfactory vs unsatisfactory( 135 (35.6%) vs 244 (64.4%)). 1. Maternal education 2. Maternal perception 3. Maternal knowledge on immunization Oku, 2017 Northern and Southern Nigeria [46] In-depth interview Qualitative n=15 health workers shortages; training deficiencies; poor attitudes of health workers; long waiting times; attitudes among community members; engagement of traditional and religious institutions Adedire, 2016 Ogun State, Nigeria [47] Semi-structured questionnaire Cross-sectional n=750 ANC follow-up: Yes vs no (AOR=3.3; 95% CI:1.2 , 8.3, p=0.03). Maternal tetanus toxoid: At least a dose vs none (AOR= 3.2; 95% CI: 1.1,10.0, p=0.04). Maternal knowledge on RI: Good vs poor (AOR=2.4; 95% CI: 1.6,3.8, p<0.001). Access to immunisation information in last 12 months: Yes vs no (AOR=2.5, 95% CI:1.1, 2.5, p=0.02). 1. ANC follow-up 2. Maternal TT 3. Maternal knowledge on RI 4. Accessibility Adedokun, 2017 Nigeria [18] Secondary analyses from the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) Cross-sectional n= 5754 Maternal education: secondary or higher vs none (AOR=2.14; 95% CI:1.59,2.86 secondary or higher vs primary: AOR=1.42; 95% CI:1.14,1.76). Birth order 1st -3rd order vs 4th -6th order (AOR= 1.53; 95% CI:1.24,1.86). Access to health facility: Not a problem vs problem (AOR: 1.28;1.02,1.57). 1. Maternal education 2. Birth order 3. Accessibility Antai, 2009 Nigeria [48] Secondary analyses from the 2003 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) Cross-sectional n= 3725 Ethnicity: Hausa/Fulani vs Igbo (AOR= 2.47; 95% CI:1.28,4.76). 1. Ethnicity Ijarotimi, 2018 Oyo State, Nigeria [49] interviewer administered questionnaires Cross-sectional n=449 Maternal educational status: > Primary vs none (AOR=6.4; 95% CI:2.9,14.0). Maternal religion: Christian vs Muslims (AOR= 2.2; 95% CI: 1.3–3.7). Wealth index: Richest vs poorest (AOR= 14.5; 95% CI:8.2–20.5). 1. Maternal education 2. Religion 3. Wealth index Chambongo, 2016Ileje District, Tanzania [50] Structured questionnaire Cross-sectional n=380 Place of birth: Health facility vs home (AOR=14.4; 95% CI:8.04-25.8). Perceived quality of vaccine provider client’s relationship: Positive vs negative (AOR=1.86; 95% CI: 1.03-3.5). Satisfaction with vaccine services: Satisfied vs unsatisfied (AOR=2.63; 95% CI:1.1-6.3). 1. Place of birth 2. Perceived quality of vaccine provider client’s relationship 3. Satisfaction with vaccine services: Semali, 2010 Tanzania [51] Secondary analyses from the 1990, 1996 and 2004 Tanzania DHS Cross-sectional n=4471 Residence: Urban vs rural (AOR= 1.4; 95% CI: 1.0-1.9). Number of children under five years: 2 (AOR=1.4; 95% CI: 1.0-1.8). Wealth index: Least poor vs most poor (AOR=1.9; 95% CI: 1.1-3.7). 1. Residence 2. Number of children under five years 3. Wealth index Vonasek, 2016 Rural Sheema District Southwest Uganda [52] Face-to-face interviews Cross-sectional n=476 Stated reasons to immunize children Protect children from disease: Yes vs no (PR= 1.35; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.80). 1. Knowledge Kiptoo, 2015 East Pokot, Baringo, Kenya [53] Structured questionnaire Cross-sectional n=298 Maternal level of education: primary vs none (OR=3.55; 95% CI: 1.49-8.47; p=0.0049). knowledge on immunization schedule: yes vs no (OR=9.04; 95% CI:1.37-7.87; p<0.0001). Nomadic lifestyle: yes vs no (OR=11.06; 95% CI: 4.29-28.54; p<0.0001). Distance to health facility: 1 hour (OR=18.24; 95% CI: 5.56-59.80; p<0.0001). Area of residence: urban vs rural (OR=12.3; 95% CI: 4.77-31.73; p<0.0001). Place of birth: hospital vs home (OR= 4.5; 95% CI: 1.7-11.61; p<0.0001). 1. Maternal level of education 2. Knowledge on immunization schedule 3. Nomadic lifestyle 4. Distance to health facility 5. Area of residence 6. Place of birth Kagone, 2017 Nouna, North West Burkina Faso [54] Nouna Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) Cross-sectional n=6579 Maternal educational status: educated vs non educated (AOR=1.08; 95% CI: 1.02-1.13; p=0.02) 1. Educational status Gidado, 2014 Zamfara state, Nigeria [15] Structured interviewer-administered questionnaire Cross-sectional n=450 Satisfactory knowledge on routine immunization: yes vs no (AOR=18.4; 95% CI=3.6-94.7). Level of education: secondary education vs none (AOR=3.6; 95% CI=1.2-10.6) 1. Satisfactory knowledge on routine immunization 2. Level of education Duru, 2016 Imo state,Nigeria [55] Semi structured, interviewer administered questionnaire Cross-sectional n= 743 Maternal age (year): 25-29 vs <25 (OR= 2.1; 95% CI: 1.12- 4.05; p < 0.01). Maternal level of education: primary vs none (OR= 7.5; 95% CI: 1.27 - 44.08, p < 0.05). Knowledge about immunization: good vs poor (OR= 37.71; 95% CI: 4.74 - 299.62; p < 0.0001). 1. Maternal age 2. Maternal level of education 3. Knowledge about immunization Legesse, 2015 Southeast Ethiopia [16] Pre-tested, interviewer administered questionnaire Cross-sectional n=591 Antenatal care follow-up: yes vs no (AOR = 3.7; 95% CI: 2.3-5.9). Maternal occupation: farmer vs housewife (AOR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.1-3.1).Paternal level of education: > secondary vs illiterate (AOR = 3.1; 95% CI: 1.3-7.4).Family income:>1000 52 USD vs < 52 USD (AOR = 3.2; 95% CI: 1.4-7.4).Distance to health facilities: an hour (AOR = 3.1; 95% CI: 1.5-6.3). Ever discussed about immunization with HEWs: yes vs no (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.3-4.2).Maternal knowledge on immunization: good vs poor (AOR = 2.5; 95% CI: 1.5-4.2). 1. Antenatal care follow-up 2. Maternal occupation 3. Paternal level of education 4. Family income 5. Distance to heath facilities 6. Ever discussed about immunization with HEWs 7. Maternal knowledge on immunization Oliveira, 2014 Angola [56] interviewer administered questionnaire Cross-sectional n=1209 Child age (years): > 1 vs 6 (APR= 1.34; 95% CI: 1.05-1.71). Knowledge of immunization programs: yes vs no (APR=1.32; 95% CI: 1.07-1.63). Appliances: radio vs television or none (APR=1.45; 95% CI: 1.05-1.99). 1. Child age 2. Family size 3. Knowledge of immunization programs 4. Appliances Bbale,2013 Uganda [19] Uganda Demographic Health Survey (UDHS) Cross-sectional n= 7591 Maternaleducational status: primary education vs no education (increase probability of fully immunized child 8-14%; p< 0.05); secondary education vs no education (increase probability of childreceiving three doses of DPT and oral polio vaccines: 6-7%; p< 0.05); primary education vs no education (increase probability of child receiving three doses of oral polio vaccines: 7-11%; p< 0.01). Wealth index: rich vs poor (increase probability of child being vaccinated against polio and measles by 7%; p< 0.05). 1. Maternal educational status 2. Wealth index Gunnala, 2016 Nigeria [57] Pre-tested, interviewer administered questionnaire Cross-sectional n=7815 Common reported reason for non-vaccination: lack of maternal knowledge on vaccines and vaccination services (50%), poor maternal attitude towards immunization (16%), lack of access to routine immunization services (15%) and fear of side effects (9%). 1. Lack of maternal knowledge on vaccines 2. Poor maternal attitude towards immunization 3. Lack of access 4. Fear of side effects Chris-Otubor 2016 Nigeria [58] semi-structured questionnaire Cross-sectional n=232 Maternal education: primary or secondary vs none; marital status: married vs single or separated or divorced; religion: Islam vs Christian, geopolitical zone: and the mother or the father of the child been immunized as children significantly influenced maternal knowledge on childhood immunization (p<0.05). 1. Maternal education 2. Marital status 3. Religion 4. Geopolitical zone 5. Mother or father being immunized as children Tadesse, 2009 Ethiopia [59] structured questionnaire Case-control n=264 Current postnatal care visit: yes vs no (AOR= 19.52; 95% CI: 1.68-226.29. Perceived health institution support: positive attitude vs negative attitude (AOR= 2.71; 95% CI 1.39-5.26). knowledge of immunization schedule: yes vs no (AOR= 3.01; 95% CI: 1.42-6.35). knowledge on OPV schedule: yes vs no (AOR= 6.52; 95% CI: 1.35-31.39). knowledge on measles: yes vs no (AOR= 34.72; 95% CI: 12.74-94.64). knowledge on benefit of vaccines: yes vs no (AOR= 6.36; 95% CI: 1.24-9.53). 1. Postnatal care visit 2. Perceived health institution support 3. Knowledge on immunization schedule 4. Knowledge on OPV schedule 5. Knowledge on measles 6. Knowledge on benefit of vaccines Kio, 2016 Ogun state, Nigeria [60] Structured pre-tested questionnaire Cross-sectional n=120 Reason for defaulting: 52% or respondents are lacking knowledge on child immunization schedule, 47.5% reported lack of awareness on immunization in their areas, 54.2 reported negative cultural belief on immunization in their areas, 43.8% believes immunization to has adverse effects, 54.2% reported communicable diseases has to do nothing with routine immunization and 51% reported their children to be available for immunization only if the schedule is convenient for them 1. Lack of maternal knowledge on child immunization schedule 2. Lack of awareness on immunization 3. Cultural beliefs 4. Adverse effects 5. Lack of knowledge routine immunization 6. Convenient time Awosan, 2018 Sokoto state, Nigeria [61] standardized, structured, interviewer- administered questionnaire Cross-sectional n=220 55.5 % of the respondents are having poor knowledge of the child that requires immunization and its benefits. 50.9% of the respondents are having poor knowledge on vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs). Knowledge on VPDs: good vs poor (85.2% vs 46.4% p30 % of the respondents reported not to take their children back to complete RI if they develop any adverse effect and >40 % of the respondents reported not to allow their children to receive polio vaccine. 1. Fear of adverse effects 2. Poor attitude Canavan, 2014 Uganda [63] Uganda demographic Health Survey (UDHS) Cross-sectional n=474 Maternal educational status: secondary school or higher vs no formal education (AOR=3.39; 95% CI:1.20-9.51). Place of delivery: public hospital vs home (AOR=3.94; 95% CI: 2.12-7.33). 1. Maternal educational status 2. Place of delivery Omotora, 2012 Borno state, Nigeria [64] Focus group discussion Qualitative n=120 The main reasons for not fully supporting immunization program in some areas includes: inadequate adequate information about logistics and time of immunization programme, lack of adequate involvement of traditional and religious leaders and poor attitude of health workers. Mothers need incentives in order for them to take their children for immunization in forms of soap and complimentary health care services. 1. Inadequate adequate information about logistics and time of immunization programme 2. Lack of adequate involvement of traditional and religious leaders 3. Poor attitude of health workers. 4. Incentives Table 2: Summary of systematic review of factors influencing childhood immunization uptake in Africa Authors/year/Location Method Study design Sample size Results Factors Study quality Sanou, 2009 (Nouna District, Burkina Faso) [24] Nouna Health Research Centres Demographic Surveillance System (DSS). Cross-sectional n=476 Knowledge of the preventive objectives of immunization: Illiterate parent vs literate parents 7.8% Vs 90%, p= 0.030 completely immunized; Availability of a vaccination record document: Yes vs no: OR=2.381; 95% CI: 1.436-3.948, p=0.001; Religion: Muslims Vs Others OR=1.813; 95% CI: 1.102-2.985, p=0.019; Marital status: Monogamous parent’s vs polygamous parents; 61.4% vs 34.2%, p<0.05; Economic status: 4 th quartile vs 1 st , 2 nd and 3 rd : OR= 2.100; 95% CI: 1.242-3.554, p=0.006 Knowledge Availability of child immunization record Religion Marital status Economic status High Chiabi, 2017 (Yaounde, Cameroon) [25] Pre-tested questionnaire and children’s vaccination booklets Cross-sectional n=400 Maternal educational status: Higher education vs primary and secondary (AOR= 7.0; 95% CI: 2.16-22.68, p= 0.001). Paternal occupational status: Employed vs unemployed (AOR= 12.39; 95% CI: 2.21-69.26, p=0.004) Maternal education Paternal occupation High Mwamba, 2017 (Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo) [26] Structured interview Cross-sectional n=1224 Distance to health facility: 30 minutes p=0.04; Mothers thought child vaccine is up-to date: Yes vs No <0.001. Distance to health facility Mothers thought High Aregawi, 2017 (Laelay Adiabo District, Northern Ethiopia) [27] Structured questionnaire Case-control n=270 Maternal knowledge on Immunization: Good vs poor (AOR = 3.3,95% CI:1.87–7.43). Post-natal care follow-up: Yes vs no (AOR = 5.2,95%CI:2.36–11.46). participation in women’s developmental groups: Good vs poor (AOR = 3.3,95%CI 1.54–7.08). Health extension worker visit: Yes vs no (AOR = 2.68,95%CI:1.30–5.51). Distance to health facility: 30 minutes (AOR =3.56,95%CI:1.58–8.01). Other reasons for defaulting: Child illness 21.1%; Forgetfulness 17.80%; Inconvenience time 8.9%; Lack awareness about vaccine 7.80%; Not knowing return for 2 nd and 3 rd dose 7.80%; Vaccine not available 5.60% and Fear of side effect 4.40%. Maternal knowledge on immunization Post-natal care Participation in women’s developmental groups Health extension worker visit Attitude Lack of awareness Lack of knowledge on EPI schedule Availability of vaccine High Animaw, 2014 (Arba Minch town and Zuria District, Southern Ethiopia) [28] Semi structured questionnaire and child immunization record Cross-sectional n=630 Maternal educational status: Primary or above vs no education (AOR=2.22; 95% CI 1.31,3.76). Accessible vaccination site: Yes vs no (AOR=4.54; 95%CI:2.34,8.77). Nearest vaccine site: Health post vs outreach (AOR=1.89; 95% CI: 1.07,3.33). Maternal education Accessible vaccine site Nearest vaccine site High Etana, 2012 (Ambo Woreda, Central Ethiopia) [29] Structured questionnaire and child immunization record Cross-sectional n=536 Maternal Knowledge on benefit of immunization: Yes vs no (OR=4.5; 95% CI: 2.5,7.9). Maternal Knowledge on age to start immunization: Yes vs no (AOR=2.9, 95% CI: 1.9,4.6). Maternal knowledge on age to complete child immunization: Yes vs no (AOR=4.3; 95%CI:2.3,8.0). ANC follow-up: Yes vs no (AOR=2.4; 95% CI:1.2,4.9). Maternal knowledge on total immunization session: Yes vs no (OR=1.7; 95%CI:1.1,2.5). Place of delivery: Hospital vs home (AOR=2.1; 95% CI: 1.3,3.4). Maternal knowledge on benefit of vaccine Knowledge on age to start child immunization Knowledge on age to complete child immunization ANC follow-up Maternal knowledge on total immunization session Place of delivery High Table 2: Summary of systematic review of factors influencing childhood immunization uptake in Africa (Continued) Negussie, 2016 (Arbegona district, southern Ethiopia) [30] Structured questionnaire and focused group discussion Mixed method n=548 Case-control findings Maternal Age: >19 years vs < 19 years (AOR=9.54; 95% CI: 5.03, 18.09, p=0.001). Knew the benefits of immunization: Yes vs no (AOR=5.51; 95% CI:1.52, 19.94. p=0.009). Perception about vaccine side effects: Positive vs negative (AOR=1.92; 95% CI:1.01, 3.70). Birth order: 1 vs 2 – 4 (AOR=3.64; 95% CI:1.63, 8.14, p 5 (AOR=5.27; 95% CI:2.20, 12.64, p=0.002). Qualitative findings Maternal migration, fear of vaccine side effect, unavailability of vaccine, knowledge on EPI schedule. Maternal age Knowledge on benefit of immunization Perception about vaccine side effect Birth order Maternal migration Availability of vaccine knowledge on EPI High Lakew, 2015 (Ethiopia) [20] Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) women questionnaire Cross-sectional n=1927 Source of immunization information: Immunization record vs mothers self-report (AOR=7.7; 95% CI: 5.95-10.06). postnatal check-up: Yes vs no (AOR= 1.8; 95% CI: 1.28-2.56). women’s awareness of community conversation program: Yes vs no (AOR= 1.9; 95% CI: 1.44-2.49). wealth index: Rich vs poor (AOR= 1.4, 95% CI:1.06-1.94). Source of information PNC check-up Awareness Wealth index High Mohamud, 2014 (Jigjiga District, Somali National Regional State, Ethiopia) [31] Structured questionnaire Cross-sectional n=582 Maternal age: > 20 years vs < 19 years (AOR= 2.19; 95% CI:1.26,3.83). Maternal literacy: Literate vs illiterate (AOR= 3.06; 95% CI:1.64,5.71). Place of residence: Urban vs rural (AOR=2.04; 95% CI:1.33,3.13). Maternal TT vaccine: Yes vs no (AOR=2.43; 95% CI: 1.56,3.77). Place of delivery: Hospital vs home (AOR= 2.02; 95% CI:1.24,3.28). Household visit by health workers: Yes vs no (AOR= 1.92; 95% 1.17,3.16). Maternal age Maternal literacy Place of residence Maternal TT vaccine Place of delivery House hold visit by health workers High Table 2: Summary of systematic review of factors influencing childhood immunization uptake in Africa (Continued) Abebe, 2019 (Bassona Worena Woreda, Amhara Region, Ethiopia) [32] Structured questionnaire and focused group discussion Mixed method n=575 Cross-sectional findings Maternal age: > 40 years versus < 40 years (AOR = 1.9; 95% CI 1.12, 5.83). Awareness about immunization: Yes vs no (AOR = 2.8; 95% CI 1.67, 9.34). ANC follow-up: Yes vs no (AOR = 3.67; 95% CI 1.96, 6.78). Availability of health facility: Yes vs no (AOR = 1.49; 95% CI 1.06, 8.12). Qualitative findings Lack of awareness on immunization; no faith on immunization; ANC follow-up; availability of health facility Maternal age Awareness ANC follow-up Availability of health facility Lack of faith High Zewdie et al, 2016 (Hadiya zone, Southern Ethiopia) [33] Phenomenological method Qualitative n=14 Lack of awareness on immunization; no faith on immunization; ANC follow-up; availability of health facility; knowledge of benefits of immunization; knowledge of vaccination schedules and service arrangements; lack of social support from family; loss of vaccination card; problems with vaccine supply and service arrangement; health systems and health care provider factors; poor counselling and client-provider relationships are influencing childhood immunization uptake. High Table 2: Summary of systematic review of factors influencing childhood immunization uptake in Africa (Continued) Payne, 2013 ( Gambia) [34] Farafenni Health and Demographic Surveillance System (FHDSS). Cross-sectional n=7363 Ethnic group: Wolof vs Mandika (AOR=1.52; 95% CI:1.28–1.81, p <0.001). Wealth index: Quintile 5 vs Quintile 1 (AOR= 1.49; 95% CI: 1.09–2.04, p= 0.011). Ethnic group Wealth index Moderate Odutola, 2015 (Western region of Gambia) [35] Structured questionnaire Cross-sectional n=1154 Place of birth: Hospital vs home (AOR=1.47; 95% CI: 1.05–2.07, p=0.001). Mode of transportation: Public transport vs walking (AOR=1.54; 95% CI:1.20–1.97, p=0.02). Birth order: > 2 vs < 2 (AOR:1.37; 95% CI: 1.04–1.79). Place of birth Mode of transportation Birth order High Bosu, 1997 (Komenda-Edina-Eguafo-Abrem District of Ghana) [36] Structured questionnaire and focused group discussion Mixed method n=469 Cross-sectional findings Knowledge of EPI diseases: Inadequate Vs adequate: 30.35% vs 17.58% children not fully immunized. Mothers who never attend child immunization (n=74): financial difficulties (37.8%); baby too young (14.9%); mothers travelled out of community (13.5%); mothers too busy (4.1%) Knowledge on EPI diseases Financial difficulties Mothers attitude Moderate Anokye, 2018 (Koforidua, Ghana) [37] Structured questionnaire Cross-sectional n=280 Marital status: Married vs divorced (AOR=3.01; 95% CI: 1.59–58.2, p= 0.048); Employment status: Working part-time vs unemployed (AOR=2.28; 95% CI:1.031–9.11, p= 0.049); Maternal income: >100 cedes vs <100 cedes (AOR=2.41; 95% CI:1.56–2.01). Marital status Employment status Income High Mutua, 2011 (Korogocho and Viwandani slums of Nairobi, Kenya) [38] Nairobi Urban Health and Demographic Surveillance System (NUHDSS) Cross-sectional n=1848 Place of delivery: Hospital vs home (OR=1.27; 95% CI: 1.002,1.619). Maternal education: Complete primary school vs not complete (OR=1.3024; 95% CI: 1.011,1.676). Maternal age: > 20 years vs < 20 years (OR=1.48; 95% CI: 1.057,2.079). Place of delivery Maternal education Maternal age High Table 2: Summary of systematic review of factors influencing childhood immunization uptake in Africa (Continued) Pertet, 2018 (pastoralist community of Kenya) [39] An interviewer-administered questionnaire Cross-sectional n=515 lack of vaccines, p=0.002; location of health facility, p=<.001; nomadic lifestyle: OR=9.0; 95% CI: 1.11, 72.66, p =0.006 Availability of vaccine Location of health facility Nomadic lifestyle High Jani, 2008 (Southern Mozambique) [40] Face to face Interview Cross-sectional n=668 Distance to health facility: Near vs far away (OR=3.64; 95% CI: 1.71,7.74, p=0.001). Maternal schooling: Yes vs no (OR=2.24; 95% CI: 1.41,3.56, p=0.001). Knowledge on EPI: Yes vs no (OR=2.02; 95% CI: 1.19,3.42, p=0.009). Religious beliefs: Yes vs no (OR=1.65; 95% CI: 1.15,2.36, p=0.004). Child born: Inside Mozambique vs outside (OR=5.20; 95% CI: 3.35,11.51, p<0.001). Place of delivery: Hospital vs home (OR=1.78; 95% CI: 1.28,3.36, p=0.03). Marital status: Married vs divorced or widowed (OR=1.68; 95% CI: 1.07,2.64, p=0.02). Distance to HF Maternal schooling Knowledge on EPI Religious beliefs Child born location Place of delivery Marital status High Umeh, 2018 Northern Nigeria [41] Face to face interview Cross-sectional n=396 Compliant vs non-compliant Satisfaction with immunization p=0.001; refusal to vaccination p=0.001; doubt about Immunization p=0.001; worries about Vaccination Safety p=0.001; knowledge on importance of vaccination p=0.001; seriousness of VPDs p=0.045. Immunization satisfaction Attitudes Knowledge on important of vaccination Seriousness of VPDs High Table 2: Summary of systematic review of factors influencing childhood immunization uptake in Africa (Continued) Oladokun, 2010 (Ibadan, Nigeria) [42] Face to face interview Cross-sectional n=248 Maternal education: Primary vs none: OR=5.90; 95% CI: 1.87,17.92, p=0.002. Religion: Christianity vs Islam: OR=3.05; 95%: 1.20,7.81, p=0.019. Gender of child: Male vs female: OR= 2.98; 95% CI: 1.21, 7.35, p=0.017. Mothers Beliefs and attitudes on Immunization: 248 defaulters: availability of vaccines 65 (26.2%); lack of knowledge on EPI 41 (16.5%); inconvenient time 34 (13.7%); lack of knowledge on benefit of immunization 24 (9.7%); child ill 25 (10.1%); Immunization is waste of time 129 (52%); immunization is harmful to children 81 (32.7%) Maternal education Religion Child gender Mothers beliefs and attitude Moderate Babalola, 2008 South and Northern Nigeria [43] Face to face interview Cross-sectional n=1472 Place of delivery: Hospital vs home (OR=2.54). child immunization record: Yes vs no (OR=2.10). Immunization ideation: High vs low (OR=6.04). Place of delivery Child immunization record Immunization ideation Moderate Odusanya, 2008 Edo State, Nigeria [44] Interviewer administer questionnaire Cross-sectional n=339 Child immunization record: Yes vs no (p=0.002) Child immunization record High Taiwo, 2017 Kaduna State, Nigeria [45] Semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire Cross-sectional n=379 Maternal education: educated vs uneducated (AOR= 1.90; 95% CI: 1.11,3.28). Maternal perception on immunization: Good vs poor (AOR= 2.60; 95% CI: 1.50,4.51). Maternal knowledge on immunization: Satisfactory vs unsatisfactory (135 (35.6%) vs 244 (64.4%)). Maternal education Maternal perception Maternal knowledge on immunization Moderate Oku, 2017 Northern and Southern Nigeria [46] Case study model Qualitative n=15 health workers shortages; training deficiencies; poor attitudes of health workers; long waiting times; attitudes among community members; engagement of traditional and religious institutions High Table 2: Summary of systematic review of factors influencing childhood immunization uptake in Africa (Continued) Adedire, 2016 Ogun State, Nigeria [47] Semi-structured questionnaire Cross-sectional n=750 ANC follow-up: Yes vs no (AOR=3.3; 95% CI:1.2 , 8.3, p=0.03). Maternal tetanus toxoid: At least a dose vs none (AOR= 3.2; 95% CI: 1.1,10.0, p=0.04). Maternal knowledge on RI: Good vs poor (AOR=2.4; 95% CI: 1.6,3.8, p<0.001). Access to immunisation information in last 12 months: Yes vs no (AOR=2.5, 95% CI:1.1, 2.5, p=0.02). ANC follow-up Maternal TT Maternal knowledge on RI Accessibility High Adedokun, 2017 Nigeria [18] Secondary analyses from the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) Cross-sectional n= 5754 Maternal education: secondary or higher vs none (AOR=2.14; 95% CI:1.59,2.86 secondary or higher vs primary: AOR=1.42; 95% CI:1.14,1.76). Birth order 1st -3rd order vs 4th -6th order (AOR= 1.53; 95% CI:1.24,1.86). Access to health facility: Not a problem vs problem (AOR: 1.28;1.02,1.57). Maternal education Birth order Accessibility High Antai, 2009 Nigeria [48] Secondary analyses from the 2003 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) Cross-sectional n= 3725 Ethnicity: Hausa/Fulani vs Igbo (AOR= 2.47; 95% CI:1.28,4.76). Ethnicity High Ijarotimi, 2018 Oyo State, Nigeria [49] interviewer administered questionnaires Cross-sectional n=449 Maternal educational status: > Primary vs none (AOR=6.4; 95% CI:2.9,14.0). Maternal religion: Christian vs Muslims (AOR= 2.2; 95% CI: 1.3–3.7). Wealth index: Richest vs poorest (AOR= 14.5; 95% CI:8.2–20.5). Maternal education Religion Wealth index High Table 2: Summary of systematic review of factors influencing childhood immunization uptake in Africa (Continued) Chambongo, 2016 Ileje District, Tanzania [50] Structured questionnaire Cross-sectional n=380 Place of birth: Health facility vs home (AOR=14.4; 95% CI:8.04-25.8). Perceived quality of vaccine provider client’s relationship: Positive vs negative (AOR=1.86; 95% CI: 1.03-3.5). Satisfaction with vaccine services: Satisfied vs unsatisfied (AOR=2.63; 95% CI:1.1-6.3). Place of birth Perceived quality of vaccine provider client’s relationship Satisfaction with vaccine services: High Semali, 2010 Tanzania [51] Secondary analyses from the 1990, 1996 and 2004 Tanzania DHS Cross-sectional n=4471 Residence: Urban vs rural (AOR= 1.4; 95% CI: 1.0-1.9). Number of children under five years: 2 (AOR=1.4; 95% CI: 1.0-1.8). Wealth index: Least poor vs most poor (AOR=1.9; 95% CI: 1.1-3.7). Residence Number of children under five years Wealth index Moderate Vonasek, 2016 Rural Sheema District Southwest Uganda [52] Face-to-face interviews Cross-sectional n=476 Stated reasons to immunize children protect children from disease: Yes vs no (PR= 1.35; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.80). Knowledge Moderate Kiptoo, 2015 East Pokot, Baringo, Kenya [53] Structured questionnaire Cross-sectional n=298 Maternal level of education: primary vs none (OR=3.55; 95% CI: 1.49-8.47; p=0.0049). knowledge on immunization schedule: yes vs no (OR=9.04; 95% CI: 1.37-7.87; p<0.0001). Nomadic lifestyle: yes vs no (OR=11.06; 95% CI: 4.29-28.54; p<0.0001). Distance to health facility: 1 hour (OR=18.24; 95% CI: 5.56-59.80; p<0.0001). Area of residence: urban vs rural (OR=12.3; 95% CI: 4.77-31.73; p<0.0001). Place of birth: hospital vs home (OR= 4.5; 95% CI: 1.7-11.61; p<0.0001). Maternal level of education Knowledge on immunization schedule Nomadic lifestyle Distance to health facility Area of residence Place of birth High Table 2: Summary of systematic review of factors influencing childhood immunization uptake in Africa (Continued) Kagone, 2017 Nouna, North West Burkina Faso [54] Nouna Health and Demographic Surveillance System (NHDSS) Cross-sectional n=6579 Maternal educational status: educated vs non educated (AOR=1.08; 95% CI: 1.02-1.13; p=0.02) Educational status High Gidado, 2014 Zamfara state, Nigeria [15] Structured interviewer-administered questionnaire Cross-sectional n=450 Satisfactory knowledge on routine immunization: yes vs no (AOR=18.4; 95% CI=3.6-94.7). Level of education: secondary education vs none (AOR=3.6; 95% CI=1.2-10.6) Satisfactory knowledge on routine immunization Level of education Moderate Duru, 2016 Imo state, Nigeria [55] Semi structured, interviewer administered questionnaire Cross-sectional n= 743 Maternal age (year): 25-29 vs <25 (OR= 2.1; 95% CI: 1.12 - 4.05; p < 0.01). Maternal level of education: primary vs none (OR= 7.5; 95% CI: 1.27 - 44.08, p < 0.05). Knowledge about immunization: good vs poor (OR= 37.71; 95% CI: 4.74 - 299.62; p < 0.0001). Maternal age Maternal level of education Knowledge about immunization Moderate Legesse, 2015 Southeast Ethiopia [16] Pre-tested, interviewer administered questionnaire Cross-sectional n=591 Antenatal care follow-up: yes vs no (AOR = 3.7; 95% CI: 2.3-5.9). Maternal occupation: farmer vs housewife (AOR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.1-3.1). Paternal level of education: > secondary vs illiterate (AOR = 3.1; 95% CI: 1.3-7.4). Family income: >1000 52 USD vs < 52 USD (AOR = 3.2; 95% CI: 1.4-7.4). Distance to health facilities: an hour (AOR = 3.1; 95% CI: 1.5-6.3). Ever discussed about immunization with HEWs: yes vs no (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.3-4.2). Maternal knowledge on immunization: good vs poor (AOR = 2.5; 95% CI: 1.5-4.2). Antenatal care follow-up Maternal occupation Paternal level of education Family income Distance to heath facilities Ever discussed about immunization with HEWs Maternal knowledge on immunization High 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Table 2: Summary of systematic review of factors influencing childhood immunization uptake in Africa (Continued) Oliveira, 2014 Angola [56] interviewer administered questionnaire Cross-sectional n=1209 Child age (years): > 1 vs 6 (APR= 1.34; 95% CI: 1.05-1.71). Knowledge of immunization programs: yes vs no (APR=1.32; 95% CI: 1.07-1.63). Appliances: radio vs television or none (APR=1.45; 95% CI: 1.05-1.99). 1. Child age 2. Family size 3. Knowledge of immunization programs 4. Appliances High 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Bbale, 2013 Uganda [19] Uganda Demographic Health Survey (UDHS) Cross-sectional n= 7591 Maternal educational status: primary education vs no education (increase probability of fully immunized child 8-14%; p< 0.05); secondary education vs no education (increase probability of child receiving three doses of DPT and oral polio vaccines: 6-7%; p< 0.05); primary education vs no education (increase probability of child receiving three doses of oral polio vaccines: 7-11%; p< 0.01). Wealth index: rich vs poor (increase probability of child being vaccinated against polio and measles by 7%; p< 0.05). 1. Maternal educational status 2. Wealth index Moderate 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Gunnala, 2016 Nigeria [57] Pre-tested, interviewer administered questionnaire Cross-sectional n=7815 Common reported reason for non-vaccination: lack of maternal knowledge on vaccines and vaccination services (50%), poor maternal attitude towards immunization (16%), lack of access to routine immunization services (15%) and fear of side effects (9%). 1. Lack of maternal knowledge on vaccines 2. Poor maternal attitude towards immunization 3. Lack of access 4. Fear of side effects High 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Chris-Otubor 2016 Nigeria [58] semi-structured questionnaire Cross-sectional n=232 Maternal education: primary or secondary vs none; marital status: married vs single or separated or divorced; religion: Islam vs Christian, geopolitical zone: and the mother or the father of the child been immunized as children significantly influenced maternal knowledge on childhood immunization (p<0.05). 1. Maternal education 2. Marital status 3. Religion 4. Geopolitical zone 5. Mother or father being immunized as children High 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Table 2: Summary of systematic review of factors influencing childhood immunization uptake in Africa (Continued) Tadesse, 2009 Ethiopia [59] structured questionnaire Case-control n=264 Current postnatal care visit: yes vs no (AOR= 19.52; 95% CI: 1.68-226.29. Perceived health institution support: positive attitude vs negative attitude (AOR= 2.71; 95% CI 1.39-5.26). knowledge of immunization schedule: yes vs no (AOR= 3.01; 95% CI: 1.42-6.35). knowledge on OPV schedule: yes vs no (AOR= 6.52; 95% CI: 1.35-31.39). knowledge on measles: yes vs no (AOR= 34.72; 95% CI: 12.74-94.64). knowledge on benefit of vaccines: yes vs no (AOR= 6.36; 95% CI: 1.24-9.53). 1. Postnatal care visit 2. Perceived health institution support 3. Knowledge on immunization schedule 4. Knowledge on OPV schedule 5. Knowledge on measles 6. Knowledge on benefit of vaccines High 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Kio, 2016 Ogun state, Nigeria [60] Structured pre-tested questionnaire Cross-sectional n=120 Reason for defaulting: 52% or respondents are lacking knowledge on child immunization schedule, 47.5% reported lack of awareness on immunization in their areas, 54.2 reported negative cultural belief on immunization in their areas, 43.8% believes immunization to has adverse effects, 54.2% reported communicable diseases has to do nothing with routine immunization and 51% reported their children to be available for immunization only if the schedule is convenient for them 1. Lack of maternal knowledge on child immunization schedule 2. Lack of awareness on immunization 3. Cultural beliefs 4. Adverse effects 5. Lack of knowledge routine immunization 6. Convenient time Moderate 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Table 2: Summary of systematic review of factors influencing childhood immunization uptake in Africa (Continued) Awosan, 2018 Sokoto state, Nigeria [61] standardized, structured, interviewer- administered questionnaire Cross-sectional n=220 55.5 % of the respondents are having poor knowledge of the child that requires immunization and its benefits. 50.9% of the respondents are having poor knowledge on vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs). Knowledge on VPDs: good vs poor (85.2% vs 46.4% p30 % of the respondents reported not to take their children back to complete RI if they develop any adverse effect and >40 % of the respondents reported not to allow their children to receive polio vaccine. Fear of adverse effects Poor attitude High Canavan, 2014 Uganda [63] Uganda demographic Health Survey (UDHS) Cross-sectional n=474 Maternal educational status: secondary school or higher vs no formal education (AOR=3.39; 95% CI:1.20-9.51). Place of delivery: public hospital vs home (AOR=3.94; 95% CI: 2.12-7.33). 1. Maternal educational status 2. Place of delivery High 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Omotora, 2012 Borno state, Nigeria [64] Phenomenological method Qualitative n=120 The main reasons for not fully supporting immunization program in some areas includes: inadequate adequate information about logistics and time of immunization programme, lack of adequate involvement of traditional and religious leaders and poor attitude of health workers. Mothers need incentives in order for them to take their children for immunization in forms of soap and complimentary health care services. 1. Inadequate adequate information about logistics and time of immunization programme 2. Lack of adequate involvement of traditional and religious leaders 3. Poor attitude of health workers. 4. Incentives High 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Table 2: Summary of systematic review of factors influencing childhood immunization uptake in Africa (Continued) Tamirat, 2019 Ethiopia [66]. Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS, 2016). Cross-sectional n= 1909 Maternal employment status: employed vs unemployed (AOR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.31, 2.0). Wealth index: rich vs poor (AOR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.94). Maternal education: Primary school vs no formal education (AOR = 1.38,95% CI: 1.07, 1.78). ANC follow-ups (AOR = 2.79, 95% CI:2.17 3.59). Place of delivery: hospital vs home (AOR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.36, 2.24). 1. Maternal employment status 2. Wealth index 3. Maternal education 4. ANC follow-ups 5. Place of delivery High 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Kinfe, 2019 Ethiopia [67]. Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS, 2016). Cross-sectional n=1929 Maternal education: Primary vs no formal education (AOR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.1, 2.28). Paternal employment status: Employed vs unemployed (AOR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.32, 3.35). ANC visit: yes vs no (AOR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.31, 2.86). Availability of child immunization record: yes vs no (AOR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.21, 2.16). 1. Maternal education 2. Paternal employment status 3. ANC visit 4. Availability of child immunization record High 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. Girman, 2019 Ethiopia [68]. pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire Cross-sectional n=620 Antenatal care visit: yes vs no (AOR=2.75, 95%CI: 1.52-5.0). Maternal education: higher education vs no formal education (AOR=2.39, 95%CI: 1.06-5.36). Maternal knowledge on immunization: Good vs poor (AOR=3.70, 95%CI: 2.37-5.79). Distance to health facility: short vs long (AOR=2.65, 95%CI: 1.61-4.36). Place of delivery: hospital vs home (AOR=2.58, 95%CI: 1.66-3.99). 1. ANC visit 2. Maternal education 3. Maternal knowledge on immunization 4. Distance to health facility 5. Place of delivery High 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. Akwataghibe, 2019 Nigeria [69]. Semi-structured interviews and focused group discussion mixed methods n=215 Health service factors like absence of delivery services, shortage of health workers, unavailability of vaccines at scheduled times, and indirect costs of immunization contributed to low utilization. 1. Absence of delivery services 2. Shortage of health workers 3. Unavailability of vaccines at scheduled times 4. Indirect costs of immunization High 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. Mekonnen, 2020 Ethiopia [70]. Interviewer-administered questionnaire Cross sectional study design n= 821 Maternal education: >secondary education vs no formal education (AOR = 2.391; 95% CI: 1.317–4.343). Wealth index: riche vs poor (AOR = 2.381; 95% CI: 1.502–3.773). ANC follow-up: yes vs no (AOR = 2.844; 95% CI: 1.310–6.174). 1. Maternal education 2. Wealth index 3. ANC follow-up High 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. Table 3: Operational Definitions Table No. Variables Definition Sociodemographic of respondent This refers to the sociodemographic of respondent’s which include: maternal age, marital status, no children, maternal educational status, paternal educational status, maternal occupation, religion, ethnicity, monthly income and place of resident. 1. Maternal age This refers to the age of mother at the time of delivery which is been categorized into two different groups; below 20 or above 20 years of age (Negussie, Kassahun, Assegid & Hagan, 2015). 2. Marital status This refers to the respondent’s official marital status which is been categorized into five different groups single, married, divorced or widowed (Anokye et al., 2018). 3. No of children This refers to the numbers of children having per mother (Oliveira, Martinez & Rocha, 2014). 4.Maternal educational status This refers to educational status of mother which could be no-formal education, primary school education, secondary school education or tertiary education ( Kiptoo, Esilaba, Kobia & Ngure, 2015 ). 5.Paternal educational status This refers to educational status of father which could be no-formal education, primary school education, secondary school education or tertiary education (Legesse & Dechasa, 2015). 6.Maternal occupation This refers to occupational status of mothers and it is been classified into four categories; house wife, student, trader, civil servant or farmer (Legesse & Dechasa, 2015). 7.Religion The respondent’s religion status for this study is categorized into Muslim and non-Muslim. 8.Ethnicity The respondent’s ethnicity for this study is categorized into Hausa and non-Hausa 9.Monthly income This refers to the amount of income a family earn in a month and in this study, it is categorized into less than 18000 or above 18000 naira (Nigerian currency). 10.Place of resident Area of residence was des9ribed as a place where people are living which could either be a rural or urban area ( Kiptoo, 2015). Obstetric history of respondent This refers to the number of times attended ANC follow-up (Legesse & Dechasa, 2015) , birth interval between last born and current pregnancy (Rahman & Obaida-Nasrin, 2010) and whether or not mothers receive any Tetanus toxoid vaccine (Adedire et al., 2016). In this study, number of times attended ANC follow-up is categorized into either less than three times or more-than three times. B irth interval between last born and current pregnancy was classified into three categories: first pregnancy, less than 48 months or more than 48 months. For whether or not mothers receive any Tetanus toxoid vaccine, it was classified as either yes or no. Health care system of respondent This refers to health care infrastructure or resourcing which includes: distance to health facility (Legesse & Dechasa, 2015) , attitude of the hospital staff (Chambongo, Nguku, Wasswa & Semali, 2016) , accessibility of vaccine site (Animaw et al, 2014) and mode of transportation to reach hospital (Odutola et al., 2015). In this study, distance to health facility is classified into either less than 30 minutes or more than 30 minutes, attitude of hospital staff could either be good or poor, hospital accessibility either yes or no and means of transportation to hospital either car/motorcycle or walking. Maternal knowledge This refers to the knowledge of mother’s regarding general knowledge on childhood immunization, knowledge on child immunization schedule, knowledge on vaccine side effects and management and knowledge on sign, symptoms and mode of transmission of VPDs. Maternal attitudes This refers to the attitudes of mother’s towards childhood immunization uptake. Maternal outcome expectation Maternal self-efficacy Environmental factors This refers to the outcome expectation of mother’s towards childhood immunization uptake (important of vaccinating a child and consequences that may arise for non-compliance). This refers to the self-efficacy of mother’s towards childhood immunization uptake. This refers to factors other than cognitive including cultural beliefs, religious beliefs and health care system. Cultural beliefs This refers to the cultural beliefs of respondent’s towards childhood immunization uptake. Religious beliefs This refers to the beliefs on religious regulations of respondent’s towards childhood immunization uptake. Table 4: Eligibility criteria N Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria 1. Quantitative study designs Articles without any description of study design 2. Qualitative study designs Intervention studies 3. Studies in Africa Review articles or systematic review 4. Published in English language Studies without any of the EPI target 5. Caregivers 6. Children less than five years of age 7. Peer-reviewed full text publications Table5: Abbreviation table Abbreviations Full meaning AOR Adjusted Odd Ratio OR Odd Ratio CI Confidence Interval APR Adjusted Prevalence Rate EDHS Ethiopia Demographic Health Surveillance NDHS Nigeria Demographic Health Surveillance FHDSS Farafenni Health and Demographic Surveillance NUHDSS Nairobi Urban Health and Demographic Surveillance System THDSS Tanzania Health and Demographic Surveillance System NHDSS Nouna Health and Demographic Surveillance System UDHSS Uganda Demographic Health Surveillance System TT Tetanus Toxoid ANC Antenatal Care PNC Postnatal Care VPDs Vaccine Preventable Diseases EPI Expanded Program on Immunization NPI National Program on Immunization RI Routine Immunization HEWs Health Extension Workers OPV Oral Polio Vaccine Supplementary Files Supplementalfile1JBImethodologicalappraisaltool.docx Supplemental file 1: Table1 Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer's Manual; SupFile2ImmunizationSearchStrategy.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 28 Jul, 2021 Read the published version in BMC Public Health → Version 2 posted Editorial decision: Major revision 01 Feb, 2021 Review # 2 received at journal 11 Jan, 2021 Review # 1 received at journal 11 Jan, 2021 Reviewer # 2 agreed at journal 10 Jan, 2021 Reviewer # 1 agreed at journal 08 Jan, 2021 Reviewers invited by journal 05 Jan, 2021 Editor assigned by journal 29 Dec, 2020 Submission checks completed at journal 29 Dec, 2020 Editor invited by journal 29 Dec, 2020 You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-39516","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":7373490,"identity":"93d825b9-8c59-4089-af84-4b4c51dc8578","order_by":0,"name":"Abubakar Nasiru Galadima","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Abubakar","middleName":"Nasiru","lastName":"Galadima","suffix":""},{"id":7373491,"identity":"02584346-fd27-47f8-9fb0-0525ea1a9c8c","order_by":1,"name":"Nor Afiah Mohd Zulkefli","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA1UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYLCCCgOGBH4Ik5lILWeAWiQbSNPCwJBgcIBYLebsvQ8/HCiwyzO+kXt0A0OFdWKDGNBSfMCy57ixxAGD5GKzG3lpNxjOpCc2SOfg12JwI41B+oMBc+K2GzlmNxjbDhOlhfnHAYP6xM0zQFr+EaeFDeiww4kbJEBaGojRcuYYm8UBg+OJM868S7uRcCzduE06rQC/luNtzDcO/KlO7G/PPXbjQ421bL908ga8WpAADzB2gBQbAwd+h6FqgQD2B8RqGQWjYBSMgpEBALlQTHpymANUAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7505-5071","institution":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Nor","middleName":"Afiah Mohd","lastName":"Zulkefli","suffix":""},{"id":7373492,"identity":"c3647c6e-ebbb-4998-a19a-37630a26076d","order_by":2,"name":"Salmiah Md. Said","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Salmiah","middleName":"","lastName":"Md.","suffix":"Md."},{"id":7373493,"identity":"6d24d318-78a5-4a25-a70b-e0670cd2eff1","order_by":3,"name":"Norliza Ahmad","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Norliza","middleName":"","lastName":"Ahmad","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2020-07-01 12:52:23","currentVersionCode":2,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-39516/v2","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-39516/v2","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11466-5","type":"published","date":"2021-07-28T15:05:57+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":4919950,"identity":"6fb2780f-02a6-41ff-8b65-fdc646d8b213","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-01-13 12:18:00","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":34044,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"PRISMA flow diagram for the identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion of studies;","description":"","filename":"Fig1UpdatedPRISMAflowdiagram.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-39516/v2/e653b3aad943af5ef1e85d3b.png"},{"id":13645000,"identity":"04a3d6bf-d588-43fc-851e-d28b8e4be0e5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-17 09:17:49","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1078469,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-39516/v2/b6ceeaa3-3091-4e55-a9e2-667e68b61d41.pdf"},{"id":4919857,"identity":"4a6cad98-7c62-42d0-b4c6-87471f6450ff","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-01-13 12:12:00","extension":"docx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":16971,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Supplemental file 1: Table1 Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer's Manual; ","description":"","filename":"Supplementalfile1JBImethodologicalappraisaltool.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-39516/v2/827a763cf8721a8074d007e0.docx"},{"id":4919858,"identity":"358155c8-534a-45e1-86d2-b9468cea5e75","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-01-13 12:12:00","extension":"docx","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":14354,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"SupFile2ImmunizationSearchStrategy.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-39516/v2/a18250bd20adb2aa23cfc952.docx"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Factors Influencing Childhood Immunization Uptake in Africa: A Systematic Review.","fulltext":[{"header":"Background","content":"\u003cp\u003eVaccine Preventable Diseases (VPDs) are still the most common cause of childhood mortality with an estimated 3 million deaths every year, mainly in Africa and Asia [1]. A study conducted by the World Health Organization (WHO) and\u0026nbsp;United\u0026nbsp;Nations\u0026nbsp;International\u0026nbsp;Children\u0026rsquo;s\u0026nbsp;Emergency\u0026nbsp;Fund\u0026nbsp;(UNICEF) in 2014, reported that an estimate of 29% deaths among children aged 1\u0026ndash;59 months were due to vaccine preventable diseases [2]. In 2014, there were 24.1 million reported cases of pertussis, with the African region accounting for the highest proportions of 7.8 million (33%) cases [3].\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunisation is considered as one of the most successful and cost-effective public health sustainable interventions for human beings against diseases that affect our health [4].\u0026nbsp;Routine immunisation plays an important key role to significantly reduce child mortality, resulting from vaccine preventable diseases.\u0026nbsp;WHO\u0026nbsp;revealed\u0026nbsp;that immunisation has been estimated to prevent 3 million deaths globally every year [5].\u0026nbsp;Between 2000 and 2016, a decrease of 84% in the measles mortality rate was recorded worldwide\u0026nbsp;due to the measles vaccination\u0026nbsp;[6]. Likewise, a reduction in pertussis mortality was also recorded globally from\u0026nbsp;390,000 deaths in 1999 among children younger than 5 years\u0026nbsp;of age to\u0026nbsp;160,700 deaths in 2014 as a result of vaccine effectiveness against pertussis [7, 6].\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the Expand Program on Immunization (EPI), every child in Africa must receive one dose of Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG), Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV0) and Hepatitis B Vaccine (HBV1) at birth, Penta1 \u0026amp; OPV1 at 6 weeks of age, Penta2 \u0026amp; OPV2 at 10 weeks of age, Penta3 \u0026amp; OPV3 at 14 weeks of age and measles and yellow fever at 9 months of age. \u0026nbsp;Despite the benefit of childhood immunisation uptake, routine vaccination coverage for all recommended EPI vaccines has remained poor in some African countries such as Nigeria (31%), Ethiopia (43%), Uganda (55%), Ghana (57%). The coverage is higher in some of the African countries, such as in Tanzania and Kenya (75% and 78%, respectively) [8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13]. Diphtheria Pertussis and Tetanus (DPT3) coverage is also low in African countries such as Nigeria (50%) [8]. However, these coverages are still below the targets endorsed by WHO in the 2012 Global Vaccine Action Plan, which aimed to ensure delivery of universal access to immunisation with associated targets reaching 90% national vaccination coverage and at least 80% vaccination coverage in every district [14].\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrevious observational studies conducted among African countries and other parts of the world reported various factors that are influencing childhood immunisation uptake. These factors are socio-demographic factors including maternal age, maternal educational status, paternal educational status, mothers marital status, maternal occupation, family income, wealth index and ethnicity \u0026nbsp;[15, 16, 17, 18] and obstetric factors including antenatal care follow-up, postnatal care follow-up, preceding birth interval and place of delivery [18, 19, 20, 21]. Despite the poor childhood immunisation uptake in African countries, no current systematic review has been conducted that focused on describing, in detail, the factors influencing childhood immunisation uptake in Africa. Therefore, the aim of this study is to collate evidence on the factors that influence childhood immunisation uptake in Africa as well as to provide evidence for future researchers in developing, implementing and evaluating intervention among African populations which will improve childhood immunisation uptake. This study will assist in developing health promotional programs and policies on childhood immunisation in Africa. \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis systematic review was conducted and reported in accordance with published Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) [22].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElectronic Database Search\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe designed and implemented a comprehensive systematic literature search with the assistance of an experienced librarian using a well-developed strategy. The following databases were \u0026nbsp;searched on the same date from date of inception to 26\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e of October 2020: Medline, PubMed, CINAHL and Psychology and behavioural data collection. The search strategy comprised a combination of medical subheading (MeSH) terms and keywords: childhood immunization uptake, factors, influencing or affecting, child or new born or infant or baby, immunisation or vaccines or vaccination or pentavalent vaccine or Penta vaccine or Bacillus Calmette Guerin vaccine or BCG or Diphtheria Tetanus and Pertussis or DTP or Oral Polio vaccine or OPV or Measles vaccine or Yellow fever vaccine or Pneumococcal Conjugate vaccine or PCV or Hepatitis B vaccine or Hep B vaccine, uptake or adherence or compliance or coverage. \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe search strategy was developed in Medline and adapted for the other databases in order to account for differences in indexing. We imposed restriction to humans in the search process. Reference lists of included studies were also searched.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe included any observational (cross-sectional, case-control and cohort), mixed method study (convergent, exploratory and explanatory type) and qualitative study design (phenomenological study and case study) conducted\u0026nbsp;in Africa published in the English language with findings relating to childhood immunisation uptake. \u0026nbsp;The participants of these studies were caregivers with children of less than 5 years of age. The included studies also reported data on association between possible predictors and childhood immunisation or provided details of any non-compliance (vaccine refusal). We also included peer-reviewed full text publications reporting an association between at least one individual factor and uptake of childhood immunisation. Moreover, no restrictions were imposed with regard to year of publication.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe excluded articles without any description of study design, intervention studies (randomised controlled trial and\u0026nbsp;quasi\u0026nbsp;experimental design), review articles or systematic review and studies which made no mention of any of the Expand Program on Immunization target vaccines according to the National Program on Immunization (NPI).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch1\u003eDescription of study outcomes\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eParental socio demographic factors: maternal age, maternal education, paternal education, income, place of residence, maternal occupation and religion; child socio-demographic factors: child age and gender; religion and cultural beliefs; obstetric history: place of delivery, antenatal care follow-up and postnatal care follow-up; health care system: distance to hospital and availability of vaccine; knowledge; outcome expectation and self-efficacy.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch1\u003eSelection of studies\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll searched articles were evaluated for eligibility in order to be included in the review. The main researcher first removed all duplicates and screened the titles using Microsoft Excel. Abstract screening was then conducted independently by two reviewers. The full text for any article considered potentially relevant was also retrieved independently by the two reviewers. Consensus was reached by discussion or involvement of a third reviewer when there were differences of opinion.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch1\u003eData extraction\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA data extraction form was designed and piloted for this review. The form was used to extract the following data: study characteristics such as authors name and year of publication, study location, method, study design, sample size, results and factors. Data was extracted independently by the two reviewers to ensure accuracy. Any difference of opinion was resolved by discussion or involvement of a third reviewer.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch1\u003eCategorisation of Factors Associated with Immunisation Coverage\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe qualitative synthesis for the factors\u0026nbsp;influencing childhood immunisation uptake among parents of children under-five years of age\u0026nbsp;are categorised into two groups, namely modifiable and non-modifiable factors. Modifiable factors are considered as factors that are intrinsic to mothers/caregivers (can be changed through health education intervention targeting mothers/caregivers) while non-modifiable factors are considered as factors that are extrinsic to mothers/caregivers (cannot be changed through health education intervention targeting mothers/caregivers). This classification would enable researchers to plan an appropriate health education intervention with the use of appropriate health behavioural theory.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch1\u003eAssessment of methodological quality\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eANG and NZ assessed the methodological quality for each of the included studies using criteria outlined in the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) for both quantitative and qualitative studies [23], which includes 8 items for cross-sectional study design and 10 items for both case-control and qualitative study designs respectively \u003cem\u003e(refer to supplemental file 1).\u003c/em\u003e Any disagreement was resolved by discussion.\u0026nbsp;In this review, we grouped articles in to three categories: high, moderate and low quality for their methodological qualities using the JBI critical appraisal tools; studies scoring \u003cu\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/u\u003e 70 % were considered as high quality, 60-69 % were moderate quality and \u0026lt; 60% were low quality. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch1\u003eData synthesis\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo meta-analysis was conducted, however, the results obtained from the systematic review were synthesised and placed in a logic framework. The various results obtained from the systematic review were shown in the logic framework and discussed in a narrative synthesis manner. The descriptive information and data for each of the included studies were captured using a table formulated by the researchers. This included study author, year and location; method; study design; sample size; results and factors. ANG synthesized the data and created a table with input from both NZ and SS. ANG and NZ grouped reported factors into two different categories namely: modifiable and non-modifiable factors.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results ","content":"\u003cp\u003eOf 18,708 recorded citations retrieved, 8279 duplicates and 33 articles published in languages other than English language were removed. After screening 10,396 titles, 324 records remained and their abstracts were screened. Seventy-nine records remained after abstracts were screened and their full text were assessed for eligibility. We excluded 44 studies in total of which 16 studies were not conducted in Africa, studies did not mention any of EPI vaccine, 9 were review studies and 7 were intervention studies. In total, 51 studies were included of which 35 are from the main database search, 8 from forward citation tracking and 8 from reference tracking. All the included studies looked into factors influencing childhood immunisation uptake in one of the African countries (figure 1). \u0026nbsp;Table 2 contained a summary of the factors that influence under-five childhood immunisation uptake among mothers/caregivers. The studies used different study designs to portray the factors that influence under-five childhood immunisation uptake among parents.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe majority of our epidemiological studies achieved at least 70 % scores which is considered high [16, 18, 20, 24-33, 35, 37-41, 44, 46-50, 53-54, 56, 57-59, 61-64, 66-70] and the overall risk of bias was moderate in 10 studies (Table 2) [15, 19, 34, 42-43, 45, 51-52, 55, 60]. Out of the 10 studies, 6 had a moderate risk of bias in confounding domain and 4 had a moderate risk of bias in outcome assessment domain. Moreover, none of the included epidemiological studies revealed either a serious or low risk of bias \u0026lt; 60%. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch1\u003eStudy locations\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe studies were conducted in various countries within Africa, namely Angola, Cameroon, Congo and Mozambique with one study each [56, 25, 26, 40]. Burkina Faso, Gambia, Ghana and Tanzania contributed two studies each [24, 54, 34, 35, 36, 37, 50, 51]. Kenya and Uganda contributed three studies each [38, 39, 53, 19, 52, 63] and Ethiopia fourteen studies [16, 20, 27-33, 59, 66-68, 70]. Most of the studies were conducted in Nigeria with a total number of 19 studies [15, 18, 41-49, 55, 57, 58, 60-62, 64, 69]. The majority of the study respondents were parents of children who were within the childhood immunisation schedule range. The studies focused on the factors that influence or determine childhood immunisation uptake. The majority of the studies were carried out mainly in West Africa (Nigeria) due to the poor childhood immunisation uptake in the nation. This demonstrated that most of the researches were still attempting to determine the main factors that play a role in influencing childhood immunisation uptake which will enable researchers to address the issues for the development of future health education intervention programs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch1\u003eStudy type and respondents\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe majority of the studies were a cross-sectional study design with a total number of 42 studies, 3 qualitative study design [33, 46, 64], 4 mixed method [30, 32, 36, 69] and 2 case-control [27, 59]. The number of study respondents varied across the studies with 14 being the smallest and 7815 the largest.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch1\u003eFactors associated with immunisation coverage\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eModifiable factors\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe factors that are considered as modifiable in this review are obstetric factors, maternal knowledge, maternal outcome expectation, maternal attitude, maternal self-efficacy and environmental factors.\u0026nbsp;These factors were found to statistically influence childhood immunisation uptake in Africa. In respect to obstetric factors, place of delivery was reported in five studies with AOR ranging from 2.11-3.13; 95% CI: 1.09, 7.13 [40, 53, 63, 66, 68] and three studies also reported postnatal care follow-up with AOR ranging from 1.8-5.8; 95% CI: 1.21, 3.16 \u0026nbsp;[20, 59, 63]. Six studies revealed antenatal care follow-up [16, 19, 66, 67, 68, 70], likewise maternal tetanus toxoid was reported in two studies with AOR ranging from 2.43-3.2; 95% CI: 1.10, 10.00 [31, 47].\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMany studies reported factors relating to maternal knowledge, for example, \u0026nbsp;knowledge on child immunisation (AOR=3.3; 95% CI: 1.87, 7.43) [27, 68], knowledge on preventive objective of immunisation (p\u0026lt;0.05) [24], lack of knowledge on vaccines which accounted for 50% reason for non-compliance [57], knowledge on child vaccination schedule, which was reported in three studies with an AOR ranging from 2.9-4.3; 95% CI: 1.42, 8.0 [29, 53, 59]. Likewise, awareness on immunisation and immunisation programs were also revealed in three studies (AOR=1.9-2.8; 95% CI: 1.44, 2.49) [20, 32, 56]. Two studies reported the impact of knowledge of VPDs (AOR= 2.5; 95% CI: 1.5, 4.2) [16, 61]. For maternal attitude and self-efficacy, three studies reported availability of child immunisation records (AOR= 2.38-7.7; 95% CI: 1.43, 10. 06) [20, 24, 43]. Likewise, four studies revealed fear of vaccine side effects (AOR= 1.92; 95% CI: 1.01, 3.70) [30, 57, 60, 62], negative beliefs towards childhood immunisation uptake [42], good perception of immunisation (AOR= 2.60; 95% CI: 1.50, 4.51) [45] and confidence towards vaccine safety (p\u0026lt; 0.05) [42].\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWith regards to maternal outcome expectation, three studies reported knowledge on benefit of childhood immunisation uptake (AOR=5.51; 95% CI: 1.52, 19.94) [29, 30, 52] and one study revealed severity of VPDs (p=0.045) [41]. With regards to environmental factors, two studies reported religious belief (OR=1.65: 95% CI: 1.15, 2.36) [40, 64]. Likewise, two studies also revealed cultural belief [55, 60].\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNon-modifiable factors\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn this review, parental socio-demographic factors (maternal age, maternal education, paternal education, maternal marital status, area of residence, wealth index, number of siblings, religion, ethnicity and family income), child socio-demographic factors (gender, age) and environmental factors (distance to health facility, mode of transportation, accessibility of vaccination site, satisfaction with vaccine services, quality of vaccine provider clients relationship and availability of vaccine) are considered as non-modifiable factors.\u0026nbsp;These factors were found to statistically influence childhood immunisation uptake in Africa.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn respect to parental socio-demographic factors, three studies reported maternal age (AOR=1.08-9.54; 95% CI: 1.08, 18.09; p\u0026lt;0.05) [30, 31, 33], nine studies reported maternal educational status (AOR=3.55-7.50; 95% CI: 1.02, 10.60) [15, 18, 53, 54, 18, 66, 67, 68, 70], three studies reported paternal education (AOR=3.1; 95% CI: 1.3, 7.4) [16, 44, 59], three studies reported maternal occupation and mothers\u0026rsquo; marital status respectively (AOR=1.62-3.01; 95% CI: 1.0, 5.8) [16, 66, 37, 58]. Another two studies reported area of residence (AOR=2.70; 95% CI: 1.52, 4.81) [18, 53], wealth index was reported in three studies (AOR=1.4-2.38; 95% CI: 1.06, 3.73) [20, 66. 70], three studies reported family income (AOR=3.2; 95% CI: 1.4, 7.4) [16, 24, 59], one study reported number of siblings (APR=1.42; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.71) [56], two studies reported religion (p\u0026lt;0.05) [19, 40], three studies reported nomadic lifestyle (OR= 11.06; 95% CI: 4.29, 28.54) [39, 53, 69] and ethnicity was also reported in \u0026nbsp;two studies (AOR=2.47; 95% CI: 1.28, 4.76) [48, 53]. Regarding child socio-demographic factors, child age was reported in two studies (p\u0026lt;0.05) [55, 56] whilst one study reported gender (OR= 2.98; 95% CI: 1.21, 7.35) [42]. In relation to environmental factors, distance to health facility was revealed in four studies (AOR=2.11-3.10; 95% CI: 1.46, 6.30) [16, 40, 53, 68], one study reported mode of transportation (AOR= 1.54; 95% CI: 1.20, 1.97) [35], accessibility of vaccination site was also revealed in one study (AOR=4.54; 95% CI: 2.34, 8.77) [28], four studies reported satisfaction with vaccine services (AOR= 2.63; 95% CI: 1.1, 6.3) [50, 55, 60, 64], quality of vaccine provider clients relationship was recorded in one study (AOR= 1.86; 95% CI: 1.03, 3.50) [50] and vaccine availability in three studies [55, 60, 69].\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe main reason for conducting this systematic review was to identify the factors that influence under-five childhood immunisation uptake among parents. In this review, many factors have been found to influence childhood immunisation uptake and are categorized and reviewed below.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eParental socio-demographic factors\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaternal age was revealed to be a factor influencing childhood immunisation uptake in a case-control study conducted in Ethiopia that involved 548 children aged between 12 to 23 months, in which mothers over 19 years of age were approximately 10 times more likely to have their children fully immunised compared with mothers under 19 years of age [30]. This may be due to knowledge gained over time on the importance of immunisation by mothers over 19 years of age, combined with the negative impact on children due to lack of immunisation. This finding is supported by two studies conducted in Ethiopia [31, 32].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn this review, maternal education was the most common reported parental sociodemographic factor found to influence childhood immunisation. Mothers with at least a primary or secondary school education, were found to be approximately eight times more likely to have their children fully immunised compared with mothers with no formal education [55]. This is more likely \u0026nbsp;due to the fact that as the educational status of mothers is improving, the seeking behaviour of children may perhaps increase, which in turn may have positive impacts towards childhood immunisation uptake [55]. Furthermore, this could also be as a result of changes that accompany maternal education, such as changes in attitudes, traditions and beliefs, increased autonomy and control over household resources which enhance healthcare seeking [53]. Similar findings have been reported in many studies [53, 15, 54, 18, 66-68, 70].\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFrom a cross-sectional study conducted in the Sinana District of Ethiopia, consisting of 591 children aged 12-23 months,\u0026nbsp;paternal education was also found to be statistically associated with the child immunisation status. Children with fathers who had a secondary or higher educational level, were three times more likely to be fully vaccinated compared with children whose fathers have no formal education [16, 44, 59]. As the educational status of fathers is improving, the seeking behaviour of children may perhaps increase, which in turn may have positive impacts towards childhood immunisation uptake [44].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResults from a cross-sectional study conducted in the Sinana District of Ethiopia, consisting of 591 children aged 12-23 months, \u0026nbsp;has found\u0026nbsp;maternal occupation to be statistically associated with child immunisation uptake. The proportion of children who were not fully vaccinated was found to be higher among mothers who are housewives [16]. Mothers whose occupation was in the farming sector, were less likely to be totally dependent to their spouses in terms of financial support and were found to be almost twice as likely to complete the immunisation of their children, compared with mothers who were housewives. \u0026nbsp;A likely reason for this would be that mothers would not be reliant on their spouses to provide transport fees in order to take their children to be immunised. They will also probably have been exposed to information on the benefit of childhood immunisation uptake through access to media [16]. This finding is supported by another cross-sectional study conducted in Ethiopia [66].\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe marital status of a mother was reported to have an influence towards childhood immunisation. In a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in Ghana involving 280 mothers, it was found that divorced mothers were 3 times less likely to complete immunisation schedules of their children compared with mothers who were married [37]. In a cross-sectional study conducted in Nigeria involving 232 mothers (children aged 12-23 months), married women were observed to have a significantly adequate knowledge of immunisation which may increase the likelihood of achieving a higher rate of immunised children compared with their counterparts who were either single/divorced/widowed or separated [58]. The marital status of a mother may enhance her knowledge in the sense that those that are married may have more access to education when compared to single mothers who may have other responsibilities and would instead tend to put their education aside in order to meet the needs of their children [37]. The supportive role of their partners may also enhance her knowledge if both partners jointly try to find ways to better the health status of their offspring [58].\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA cross-sectional study from this review that was conducted in Kenya, which consisted of 298 mothers with children aged 12-23 months, showed that area of residence statistically influenced childhood immunisation uptake. Children who lived in urban areas were 12 times more like to be vaccinated compared to children living in rural communities [53]. In Nigeria, results obtained using NDHS data involving 5,754 children aged between 12-23 months, also revealed a statistical association between area of residence and child immunisation status. Children located in urban areas were more likely to be vaccinated compared to children leaving in rural communities. This may probably be attributed to the fact that parents living in urban areas were more likely to be educated which may increase their knowledge towards the benefit of childhood immunisation uptake compared to parents living in rural areas [18].\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThree different cross-sectional studies conducted in Ethiopia among children aged 12-23 months found wealth index to be a factor influencing childhood immunisation uptake. Children born to mothers from a rich index group were found to be twice as likely to be fully vaccinated compared with children from mothers from a poor wealth index group [20, 66, 70]. Rich parents may have more access to media and probably have more exposure to information on the benefit of childhood immunisation uptake.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFamily income was found to be another factor influencing childhood immunisation uptake in a cross-sectional study conducted in Burkina Faso consisting of 591 children aged between 12-23 months. The study found that if the income of a family is greater than 1000 ETB or 52 USD, it increases the tendency of having children fully vaccinated in that family by approximately three times when compared with a poor family with a lesser income [16]. The family with a higher income may have easier access to Immunisation Centres due to accessible effective transportation options and would have less financial challenges when compared with families with a lower income. This finding was also supported by two cross-sectional study designs [ 24, 59].\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe number of siblings was also found to be a factor affecting childhood immunisation uptake in a cross-sectional study conducted in Angola involving 1,209 children under 5 years of age. A family comprising 2 to 3 siblings were more likely to vaccinate their children compared with a family with less than 2 siblings [56]. This may be due to experience gained over time on the importance of immunisation as well as the medical complications that have occurred in children due to lack of immunisation.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReligion has been revealed by studies to be a factor influencing childhood immunisation uptake. From a cross-sectional study conducted in Uganda using Uganda Demographic Health Survey data, child immunisation uptake was affected by religion status. \u0026nbsp;Children from Muslim families had a lesser chance of been fully vaccinated compared with children from Catholic families [19]. Likewise, in Mozambique parents with no religious affiliation were found to be twice as likely not to complete their childhood immunisation uptake [40]. This could be due to the circulation of false information obtained via religious networks. This false information may be linked to negative beliefs of vaccines, for example, the belief that vaccines are composed of anti-fertility drugs [65].\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNomadic lifestyle was found to be associated with child immunisation uptake in Kenya. Children born to a family who practice a nomadic lifestyle, were found to be 11 times more likely not to be fully vaccinated compared with children born to a family that do not practice a nomadic lifestyle [39,53, 69]. The family who practice a nomadic lifestyle may constantly change their location, switching from one place to another where immunisation services may not be readily accessible [53].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthnicity was found to be a factor affecting childhood immunisation uptake in Nigeria in which children belonging to the Igbo ethnic group were about three times more likely to be fully vaccinated compared to children belonging to an ethnic group such as Hausa, Yoruba and others [48, 55]. These disparities could be attributed to the factors prevalent at community level, for example, in the Hausa community there is low level of education, high poverty, poor utilisation of antenatal care and home delivery and all these factors are associated with poor immunisation uptake. It could also be due to a misconception regarding the safety of vaccines \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;and fear of vaccine side effects [48]. These findings are consitent with the findings from a\u0026nbsp;systematic\u0026nbsp;review conducted to determine the significant factors of adherence among parents or caregivers of under-five childhood immunisation schedules, even though the review did not specifically focus on Africa \u0026nbsp; [73].\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eChild socio-demographic factors\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChild gender was found to be associated with child immunisation uptake in \u0026nbsp;Ibadan, Nigeria where a male child is about three times more likely to be immunised compared with a female child [42]. This may be attributed to the beliefs of parents that immunisation will have negative impacts to their daughters at their child bearing age.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA contradicting finding was revealed with regards to influence of child age on immunisation uptake. In Nigeria, higher immunisation uptake was observed in children \u0026nbsp;above 1 year of age (84.4%) compared with children below 1 year (63.6%) and this could be due to the fact that some mothers are delaying the child immunisation uptake until their children reach a certain age, having negative beliefs that their children are too young to be immunised [55]. In Angola, higher immunisation uptake was seen in children who were one year of age or less compared with children that were above one year of age. This could be attributed to the lectures received by mothers towards benefits of timely childhood immunisation uptake during their antenatal and postnatal care. It is likely that the content of health education delivered to the mothers has changed with more emphasis placed on the benefit of childhood immunisation uptake [56].\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eObstetric factors\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAntenatal care follow-up (ANC) was found to be a factor influencing childood immunisation uptake in a cross-sectional study conducted in Ethiopia that involved 591 children aged between 12-23 months. The study showed mothers who frequently attend ANC during their pregnancy were about four times more likely to have their children fully vaccinated compared with mothers who did not attend ANC regularly [16].\u0026nbsp;This finding is supported by the findings of a study conducted in Uganda and four more studies from Ethiopia [19, 66, 67, 68, 70].\u0026nbsp;Mothers who frequented health facilities during pregnancy may have received counselling on childhood immunisation where the importance of timely childhood immunisation uptake may be prioritised regularly [16].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe postnatal check-up was also found to be an influencing factor towards childhood uptake where children who received a check-up within two months after birth were twice more likely to be fully vaccinated compared to those who did not receive a check-up after delivery [20, 59, 63]. This can be attributed to educational sessions that mothers were exposed to during postnatal visits where the importance of timely immunisation of the baby may be emphasised [20].\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe maternal tetanus toxoid (MTT) vaccine was also noted to be a factor influencing childhood immunisation uptake. Mothers who received at least one dose of the MTT vaccine were three times more likely to have their children fully immunised compared with mothers who did not receive any dose of \u0026nbsp;the MTT vaccine [31, 47].\u0026nbsp;This could be attributed to the knowledge that mothers may have obtained regarding the benefit of childhood immunisation uptake during the MTT vaccination in their health centre [47].\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChildren who were delivered in hospitals were more likely to have a complete vaccination status compared with children delivered at home [40, 53, 63].\u0026nbsp;Mothers who had hospital deliveries may receive advice after delivery where the importance of timely immunisation of the baby may be emphasised and therefore they are more likely to receive their vaccines [40].\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eMaternal Knowledge\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHaving a good maternal knowledge on child immunisation was revealed to be a predictor for child immunisation uptake in a case-control study conducted in Northern Ethiopia. Children of mothers with a good knowledge on child immunisation were found to be three times more likely to be completely immunised compared with children whose mothers had a poor knowledge on child immunisation [27]. This finding is consistent with the previous systematic review conducted in Sub-Saharan Africa [71]. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn Burkina Faso, mothers with a knowledge on preventive objectives of immunisation were more likely to have their children immunised compared with mothers without \u0026nbsp;knowledge [24]. In a household-level cluster survey consisting of 7,815 children conducted in Nigeria that involved 40 polio high-risk districts of Nigeria, lack of maternal knowledge regarding vaccines was found to be the main reason contributing to poor childhood immunisation uptake which accounted for 50% reasons for non-vaccination [57].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaternal knowledge on vaccines and VPDs were also shown to influence childhood immunisation uptake in Southeast Ethiopia, where children whose mothers had a good knowledge on vaccines and VPDs were found to be three times more likely to be fully vaccinated compared with children of mothers who had a poor knowledge of vaccines and VPDs [16]. A similar finding was also found in Nigeria [61]. Maternal\u0026nbsp;knowledge on child vaccine schedules was\u0026nbsp;revealed\u0026nbsp;to statistically influence child immunisation uptake where\u0026nbsp;mothers who had knowledge on schedules of vaccines were found to be four times more likely to fully immunise their children compared with mothers who has no knowledge of vaccine schedules [29, 53, 59].\u0026nbsp;Mothers with knowledge of immunisation schedules may know the exact time for each childhood immunisation uptake and they might also know the benefit of timely immunisation uptake for their children. In parents who have an awareness on immunisation and immunisation programs, they were three times more likely to have their children immunised compared with their counterparts [20, 32, 56].\u0026nbsp;Childhood immunisation uptake can be negatively affected by the knowledge of mothers.\u0026nbsp;The more knowledge they acquire, the higher the tendency of increasing their confidence towards childhood immunisation uptake.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eMaternal attitude and self efficacy\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStudies have shown that mothers who have their child immunisation records were more likely to have their children fully immunised compared with mothers without child immunisation records [20, 24, 43]. In Nigeria, the poor attitude of mothers accounted for (16%) among the reasons for poor childhood immunisation uptake [57]. Among 248 defaulting mothers in Ibadan, Nigeria, more than half of this group reported that the reason for defaulting was that they considered childhood immunisation to be a waste of time [42]. The children whose mothers had a positive perception towards vaccine side effects, were twice more likely to be fully immunised compared with children whose mothers had a negative perception towards vaccine side effects [30]. Many studies also reported fear of vaccine side effects influenced immunisation uptake [57, 60, 62]. Mothers who lacked confidence towards vaccine safety, were less likely to have their children immunised [42]. Mothers with a good perception on immunisation were three times more likely to have their children fully immunised compared with mothers with a poor perception on immunisation [45].\u0026nbsp;The attitudes of mothers towards childhood immunisation uptake is influenced by their perception. This in turn can decrease their confidence towards childhood immunisation uptake.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch1\u003eMaternal outcome expectations\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMothers who knew the benefits of childhood immunisation were six times more likely to have their children fully immunised compared with their counterparts [29, 30]. Having an expectation towards the protection that follows childhood immunisation significantly influences childhood immunisation [52].\u0026nbsp;Furthermore, knowing the seriousness of VPDs was also found to be a predictor for non-compliance [41].\u0026nbsp;The more knowledge mothers acquired with regards to the benefit of child immunisation and consequences of not immunising a child, the higher the tendency of increasing their practice confidence towards childhood immunisation uptake. This finding is consistent with the findings from a systematic review previously conducted that aimed to identify factors associated with immunisation coverage in poor urban areas and slums [72]. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eEnvironmental\u0026nbsp;factors\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEnvironmental factors are classified as social factors and health care system or logistic factors.\u0026nbsp;Religious belief was revealed to be one of the social factors influencing childhood immunisation uptake in Mozambique. \u0026nbsp;Mothers who considered immunisation as unacceptable in their religion were less likely to have their children fully immunised compared with mothers who did not consider immunisation as unacceptable in their religion [40].\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Lack of adequate involvement by religious and traditional leaders in immunisation activities was found to be a reason for immunisation failure in Borno State, Nigeria [64].\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn Nigeria, cultural beliefs against immunisation are found to be destructive towards childhood immunisation uptake [55, 60]. This could probably be due to the circulation of false information via the use of either family or religious networks. For instance, this false information might be linked to negative beliefs towards vaccines. For example, beliefs that vaccines were composed of anti-fertility drugs and therefore could destroy the eggs of females and cause damage to her reproductive system [65]. Traditional and religious leaders are highly respected and are generally regarded and accepted as the custodians of traditions entrusted to them to provide traditional guidance to their respective communities. Therefore, their involvement in immunisation activities will help increase immunisation acceptance and uptake since the community trust their views on various matters [64].\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn Kenya, distance to health facilities was found to affect childhood immunisation uptake among 298 respondents. \u0026nbsp;Children belonging to mothers or caregivers who travelled a short distance to the health facility for immunisation were 18 times more likely to be fully vaccinated compared with children whose mothers or caregivers travelled further to a health facility for their children\u0026rsquo;s immunisations [53]. This was supported by three studies conducted in Mozambique and Ethiopia [16, 40, 68]. These findings were in line with the previous systematic review conducted in Sub-Saharan Africa [71]. The mode of transportation for immunisation was also found to be an influencing factor where mothers who make use of public transport were twice more likely to have their children fully immunised compared to mothers who walked [35].\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAccessibility of vaccination sites was found to be a predictor for childhood immunisation uptake in Southern Ethiopia. \u0026nbsp;Mothers who considered immunisation sites to be accessible were 5 times more likely to have their children fully immunised compared to mothers who did not consider it accessible [28]. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSatisfaction with vaccine services was also found to influence childhood immunisation uptake\u0026nbsp;in Tanzania among 380 mothers of children aged 12-23 months. \u0026nbsp;Mothers who are satisfied with\u0026nbsp;vaccine services were about three times more likely to have\u0026nbsp;their children vaccinated compared with mothers who were unsatisfied with vaccine services [50, 55, 60, 64]. The way vaccine providers behave could either enhance or discourage mothers from taking their children for vaccinations [50].\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe quality of vaccine provider clients\u0026rsquo; relationship was also found to be a predictor for childhood immunisation uptake in Tanzania among 380 participants. \u0026nbsp;Mothers who had a positive perception towards quality of vaccine provider clients\u0026rsquo; relationship were twice more likely to have their children fully immunised compared to mothers who had a negative perception towards quality of vaccine provider clients\u0026rsquo; relationship [50].\u0026nbsp;This could probably be due to the way vaccine providers behave which may either enhance or discourage mothers from taking their children for vaccinations [50].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn Nigeria, the unavailability of vaccines when required was also found to be a reason for defaulting on childhood immunisation uptake [55, 60, 69]. Mothers may have spent a considerable amount of money in order to access health care on several occasions. However, \u0026nbsp;the service was not always available which resulted in them becoming discouraged and they failed to complete the immunisation uptake of their children [55].\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings of the study will benefit policy makers in making decisions and formulating appropriate guidelines and policies with regards to childhood immunisation uptake in Africa. These findings can also enable other researchers to plan an appropriate health education intervention encompassing an appropriate health behavioural theory to address the factors affecting childhood immunisation uptake among African countries. The strengthening of childhood immunisation policies, strategies and further research examining the causal relationship on childhood immunisation in Africa are required.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSocial cognitive theory (SCT) is one of the health theories commonly used in health education interventions [74, 75] which describes human behaviour through the influence of personal and environmental factors [76]. The theory accounts for human behaviour, cognition and environment and is the only health theory that takes into account reciprocal interaction, unlike other theories such as Information Motivation Behavioural Skills model [74, 77]. In this systematic review, there are many factors that has been found to influence childhood immunisation uptake in Africa like personal factors (parental sociodemographic factors, obstetric factors, knowledge gaps, negative attitudes, outcome expectation and lack of self-efficacy) and environmental factors (social factors and healthcare system) [16, 18-20, 24-65]. Therefore, using this theory may enable researchers to address both the personal and environmental factors influencing childhood immunisation uptake.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe majority of our included studies achieved at least high scores [16, 18, 20, 24-33, 35, 37-41, 44, 46-50, 53-54, 56, 57-59, 61-64, 66-70] and the overall risk of bias was moderate in ten studies [15, 19, 34, 42-43, 45, 51-52, 55, 60]. Moreover, none of the included studies revealed either a serious or low risk of bias . \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOur study has acknowledged some limitations. This review may be prone to publication bias as grey literature/unpublished literatures and studies that are not published in the English language were not considered. Conducting a quantitative meta-analysis in this systematic review may be very important for analysing quantitative trend. The majority of the literatures cited in this review are observational in nature and therefore, this study is lacking evidence for causation. Furthermore, many studies relied on survey data which may increase the risk of nonresponse bias or selection bias. \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn conclusion, various factors influencing childhood immunisation uptake in Africa were identified from this systematic review. The factors were categorised into two main groups, modifiable and non-modifiable factors which were later divided further. The modifiable factors (obstetric history, maternal knowledge, maternal attitude and self-efficacy and maternal outcome expectation) were revealed as having a direct relationship with the childhood immunisation uptake. Many factors and results attained from this review could enable the researchers to further understand and develop necessary intervention in order to address the issue of the factors influencing childhood immunisation uptake. Finally, we recommend an immunisation health education intervention among pregnant women focusing on the significant findings from this systematic review which may hopefully improve childhood immunisation uptake among countries with poor coverage in Africa. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations ","content":"\u003cp\u003eVPDs: vaccine preventable diseases\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEPI: Expanded Programme on immunization\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAOR: adjusted odd ratio\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOR: odd ratio\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAPR: adjusted prevalence ratio\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCI: confidence interval\u003c/p\u003e\n"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003ch1\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch1\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch1\u003eAvailability of data and materials\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll data generated during this study are included in this article.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch1\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch1\u003eFunding\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo external funding was received for this systematic review \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch1\u003eAuthors\u0026rsquo; contributions\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eANG conceived the study with NZ, and SS advised on the methods. ANG undertook the searches and titles for screening. ANG and NZ and SS agreed final inclusions and undertook data extraction. ANG, NZ, SS and NA contributed to write-up and editing of the final paper. All authors have read and approved the final version of this manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch1\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors gratefully acknowledge electronic database searches done using Sultan Abdul Samad library, Universiti Putra Malaysia. \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch1\u003eAuthor details\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDepartment of Community Health, faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbubakar Nasiru Galadima: a PhD student from Nigeria (primary author)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNor Afiah Mohd Zulkefli: Associate Professor (corresponding author)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSalmiah Md Said: Associate Prof (co-author)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNorliza Ahmad: (co-author)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References ","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCentre for Global Development, 2005: Making Markets for vaccines: from ideas to actions. 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Factors influencing attendance to immunization sessions for children in a rural district of Ghana. Acta Tropica. 1997;68(3):259-267.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAnokye R, Acheampong E, Budu-Ainooson A, Edusei A, Okyere P, Dogbe J et al. Socio-demographic determinants of childhood immunization incompletion in Koforidua, Ghana. BMC Research Notes. 2018;11(1).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMutua M, Kimani-Murage E, Ettarh R. Childhood vaccination in informal urban settlements in Nairobi, Kenya: Who gets vaccinated?. BMC Public Health. 2011;11(1).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePertet A, Kaseje D, Otieno-Odawa C, Kirika L, Wanjala C, Ochieng J et al. Under vaccination of children among Maasai nomadic pastoralists in Kenya: is the issue geographic mobility, social demographics or missed opportunities?. BMC Public Health. 2018;18(1).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJani J, De Schacht C, Jani I, Bjune G. Risk factors for incomplete vaccination and missed opportunity for immunization in rural Mozambique. BMC Public Health. 2008;8(1).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUmeh G, Nomhwange T, Shamang A, Zakari F, Musa A, Dogo P et al. Attitude and subjective wellbeing of non-compliant mothers to childhood oral polio vaccine supplemental immunization in Northern Nigeria. BMC Public Health. 2018;18(1).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOladokun R, Adedokun O, Lawoyin O. Children Not Receiving Adequate Immunization in Ibadan, Nigeria: What Reasons and Beliefs Do Their Mothers Have. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice. 2010;13(2):173-178.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBabalola S. Determinants of the Uptake of the Full Dose of Diphtheria\u0026ndash;Pertussis\u0026ndash;Tetanus Vaccines (DPT3) in Northern Nigeria: A Multilevel Analysis. Maternal and Child Health Journal. 2008;13(4):550-558.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOdusanya O, Alufohai E, Meurice F, Ahonkhai V. Determinants of vaccination coverage in rural Nigeria. BMC Public Health. 2008;8(1).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTaiwo L, Idris S, Abubakar A, Nguku P, Nsubuga P, Gidado S et al. Factors affecting access to information on routine immunization among mothers of under 5 children in Kaduna State Nigeria, 2015. Pan African Medical Journal. 2017;27.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOku A, Oyo-Ita A, Glenton C, Fretheim A, Eteng G, Ames H et al. Factors affecting the implementation of childhood vaccination communication strategies in Nigeria: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health. 2017;17(1).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAdedire E, Ajayi I, Fawole O, Ajumobi O, Kasasa S, Wasswa P et al. Immunisation coverage and its determinants among children aged 12-23 months in Atakumosa-west district, Osun State Nigeria: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2016;16(1).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAntai D. Inequitable childhood immunization uptake in Nigeria: a multilevel analysis of individual and contextual determinants. BMC Infectious Diseases. 2009;9(1).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIjarotimi I, Fatiregun A, Adebiyi O, Ilesanmi O, Ajumobi O. Urban\u0026ndash;rural differences in immunisation status and associated demographic factors among children 12-59 months in a southwestern state, Nigeria. PLOS ONE. 2018;13(11):e0206086.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChambongo P, Nguku P, Wasswa P, Semali I. Community vaccine perceptions and its role on vaccination uptake among children aged 12-23 months in the Ileje District, Tanzania: a cross section study. Pan African Medical Journal. 2016;23.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSemali I. Trends in Immunization Completion and Disparities in the Context of Health Reforms: The case study of Tanzania. BMC Health Services Research. 2010;10(1).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVonasek B, Bajunirwe F, Jacobson L, Twesigye L, Dahm J, Grant M et al. Do maternal knowledge and attitudes towards childhood immunizations in rural Uganda correlate with complete childhood vaccination?. Annals of Global Health. 2016;82(3):567.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKiptoo E. Factors Influencing Low Immunization Coverage Among Children Between 12 - 23 Months in East Pokot, Baringo Country, Kenya. International Journal of Vaccines \u0026amp; Vaccination. 2015;1(2).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKagon\u0026eacute; M, Y\u0026eacute; M, N\u0026eacute;bi\u0026eacute; E, Sie A, Schoeps A, Becher H et al. Vaccination coverage and factors associated with adherence to the vaccination schedule in young children of a rural area in Burkina Faso. Global Health Action. 2017;10(1):1399749.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDuru C, Iwu A, Uwakwe K, Diwe K, Merenu I, Emerole C et al. Assessment of Immunization Status, Coverage and Determinants among under 5-Year-Old Children in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. OALib. 2016;03(06):1-17.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOliveira M, Martinez E, Rocha J. Factors associated with vaccination coverage in children \u0026lt; 5 years in Angola.\u0026nbsp;Revista De Sa\u0026uacute;de P\u0026uacute;blica. 2014;48(6), 906-915. doi: 10.1590/s0034-8910.2014048005284.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGunnala R, Ogbuanu I, Adegoke O, Scobie H, Uba B, Wannemuehler K et al. Routine Vaccination Coverage in Northern Nigeria: Results from 40 District-Level Cluster Surveys, 2014-2015. PLOS ONE. 2016;11(12):e0167835.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChris-Otubor G, Dangiwa D, Ior D, Anukam C. Assessment of knowledge, attitudes and practices of mothers in Jos north regarding immunization. International Organization Scientific Research Journal of Pharmacy. 2015;5 (6), 34-45.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTadesse H, Deribew A, Woldie M. Predictors of defaulting from completion of child immunization in south Ethiopia. A case control study.\u0026nbsp;BMC Public Health. 2009;9(1). doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-9-150.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKio O, Agbede O,Mkpuruoma J. Knowledge beliefs and practices regarding immunization among nursing mothers in Nigeria. Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing. 2016;24, 145-149.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAwosan K, Ibrahim M, Yunusa E, Isah B, Raji M, Abubakar N. Knowledge, Attitude and Compliance with Full Immunization of Children Against Vaccine Preventable Diseases among Pregnant Mothers in Sokoto, Nigeria. International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research [IJCMR]. 2018;5(6).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEkure E, Balogun M, Mukhtar Y, Ojo O, Emodi I et al. Community knowledge, attitude and practice of childhood immunization in southwest Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Paediatrics. 2013 40 (2), 106-111.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCanavan M, Sipsma H, Kassie G, Bradley E. Correlates of complete childhood vaccination in east african countries.\u0026nbsp;Plos One. 2014;9(4), e95709. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095709.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOmotara A, Okujagu F. Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice of stakeholders towards immunization in Borno state, Nigeria: A qualitative approach.\u0026nbsp;Journal Of community medicine \u0026amp; Health Education. 2012;2(9). doi: 10.4172/2161-0711.1000181.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJegede A. What Led to the Nigerian Boycott of the Polio Vaccination Campaign?. PLoS Medicine. 2007;4(3):e73.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTamirat K, Sisay M. Full immunization coverage and its associated factors among children aged 12\u0026ndash;23\u0026thinsp;months in Ethiopia: further analysis from the 2016 Ethiopia demographic and health survey. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKinfe Y, Gebre H, Bekele A. Factors associated with full immunization of children 12\u0026ndash;23 months of age in Ethiopia: A multilevel analysis using 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey. PLOS ONE. 2019;14(11):e0225639.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGirmay A, Dadi A. Full immunization coverage and associated factors among children aged 12-23 months in a hard-to-reach areas of Ethiopia. International Journal of Pediatrics. 2019;2019:1-8.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAkwataghibe N, Ogunsola E, Broerse J, Popoola O, Agbo A, Dieleman M. Exploring factors influencing immunization utilization in Nigeria\u0026mdash;A Mixed Methods Study. Frontiers in Public Health. 2019;7.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMekonnen Z, Gelaye K, Martin W, Binyam T. Timely completion of vaccination and its determinants among children in northwest, Ethiopia: a multilevel analysis. BMC Public Health. 2020;20:908.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBangura J, Xiao S, Qiu D, Ouyang F, Chen L. Barriers to childhood immunization in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCrocker-Buque T, Mindra G, Duncan R, Mounier-Jack S. Immunization, urbanization and slums \u0026ndash; a systematic review of factors and interventions. BMC Public Health. 2017;17(1).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZulkefli N, Mohammad R, Juni M. Adherence among parents on under-five childhood immunization schedule: a review. International Journal of Public Health and Clinical Sciences. 2016;3(6).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBandura A. Social cognitive theory of mass communication. Media Effects. Advances in Theory and Research. 2008;94-124.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBagherniya, M., Sharma, M., Darani, F. M., Maracy, M. R., Safarian, M., \u0026amp; Birgani, R. A. (2018). School-based nutrition education intervention using Social Cognitive Theory for overweight and obese Iranian adolescent girls: A cluster randomized controlled trial. \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0272684X17749566\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1177/0272684X17749566\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBandura A. Social foundations of thought and action: a social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs Prentice-Hall. 1986.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFisher J, Fisher W. Changing AIDS risk behavior. Psychological Bulletin, 1992;111(3).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cp\u003eTable1: Summary of systematic review of factors influencing childhood immunization uptake in Africa\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" width=\"954\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAuthors/year/Location\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"161\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMethod\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStudy design\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSample size\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"331\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResults\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFactors\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSanou,2009 (Nouna District, Burkina Faso) [24]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"161\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNouna Health Research Centres Demographic Surveillance System (DSS).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCross-sectional\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003en=476\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"331\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKnowledge of the preventive objectives of immunization: Illiterate parent vs literate parents 7.8% Vs 90%, p= 0.030 completely immunized; Availability of a vaccination record document: Yes vs no: OR=2.381; 95% CI: 1.436-3.948, p=0.001; Religion: Muslims Vs Others OR=1.813; 95% CI: 1.102-2.985, p=0.019; Marital status: Monogamous parent\u0026rsquo;s vs polygamous parents; 61.4% vs 34.2%, p\u0026lt;0.05; Economic status: 4\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e quartile vs 1\u003csup\u003est\u003c/sup\u003e, 2\u003csup\u003end\u003c/sup\u003e and 3\u003csup\u003erd\u003c/sup\u003e : OR= 2.100; 95% CI: 1.242-3.554, p=0.006\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Knowledge\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Availability of child immunization record\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Religion\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Marital status\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Economic status\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChiabi,2017 (Yaounde, Cameroon) [25]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"161\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePre-tested questionnaire and children\u0026rsquo;s vaccination booklets\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCross-sectional\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003en=400\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"331\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaternal educational status: Higher education vs primary and secondary (AOR= 7.0; 95% CI: 2.16-22.68, p= 0.001). Paternal occupational status: Employed vs unemployed (AOR= 12.39; 95% CI: 2.21-69.26, p=0.004)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Maternal education\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Paternal occupation\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMwamba, 2017 (Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo) [26]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"161\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStructured interview\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCross-sectional\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003en=1224\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"331\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDistance to health facility: \u0026lt; 30 minutes vs \u0026gt;30 minutes p=0.04; Mothers thought child vaccine is up-to date: Yes vs No \u0026lt;0.001.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Distance to health facility\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Mothers thought\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAregawi , 2017 (LaelayAdiabo District, Northern Ethiopia) [27]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"161\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStructured questionnaire\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCase-control\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003en=270\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"331\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaternal knowledge on Immunization: Good vs poor (AOR = 3.3,95% CI:1.87\u0026ndash;7.43). Post-natal care follow-up: Yes vs no (AOR = 5.2,95%CI:2.36\u0026ndash;11.46). participation in women\u0026rsquo;s developmental groups: Good vs poor (AOR = 3.3,95%CI 1.54\u0026ndash;7.08). Health extension worker visit: Yes vs no (AOR = 2.68,95%CI:1.30\u0026ndash;5.51). Distance to health facility: \u0026lt;30 minutes vs \u0026gt; 30 minutes (AOR =3.56,95%CI:1.58\u0026ndash;8.01). Other reasons for defaulting: Child illness 21.1%; Forgetfulness 17.80%; Inconvenience time 8.9%; Lack awareness about vaccine 7.80%; Not knowing return for 2\u003csup\u003end\u003c/sup\u003e and 3\u003csup\u003erd\u003c/sup\u003e dose 7.80%; Vaccine not available 5.60% and\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFear of side effect 4.40%.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Maternal knowledge on immunization\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Post-natal care\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Participation in women\u0026rsquo;s developmental groups\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Health extension worker visit\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Attitude\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Lack of awareness\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Lack of knowledge on EPI schedule\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Availability of vaccine\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAnimaw, 2014 (Arba Minch town and Zuria District, Southern Ethiopia) [28]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"161\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSemi structured questionnaire and child immunization record\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCross-sectional\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003en=630\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"331\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaternal educational status: Primary or above vs no education (AOR=2.22; 95% CI 1.31,3.76). Accessible vaccination site: Yes vs no (AOR=4.54; 95%CI:2.34,8.77). Nearest vaccine site: Health post vs outreach (AOR=1.89; 95% CI: 1.07,3.33).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Maternal education\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Accessible vaccine site\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Nearest vaccine site\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEtana, 2012 (Ambo Woreda, Central Ethiopia) [29]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"161\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStructured questionnaire and child immunization record\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCross-sectional\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003en=536\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"331\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaternal Knowledge on benefit of immunization: Yes vs no (OR=4.5; 95% CI: 2.5,7.9). Maternal Knowledge on age to start immunization: Yes vs no (AOR=2.9, 95% CI: 1.9,4.6). Maternal knowledge on age to complete child immunization: Yes vs no (AOR=4.3; 95%CI:2.3,8.0). ANC follow-up: Yes vs no (AOR=2.4; 95% CI:1.2,4.9). Maternal knowledge on total immunization session: Yes vs no (OR=1.7; 95%CI:1.1,2.5). Place of delivery: Hospital vs home (AOR=2.1; 95% CI: 1.3,3.4).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Maternal knowledge on benefit of vaccine\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Knowledge on age to start child immunization\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Knowledge on age to complete child immunization\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; ANC follow-up\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Maternal knowledge on total immunization session\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Place of delivery\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNegussie, 2016(Arbegona district, southern Ethiopia) [30]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"161\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStructured questionnaire and focused group discussion\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMixed method\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003en=548\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"331\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCase-control findings\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaternal Age: \u0026gt;19 years vs \u0026lt; 19 years (AOR=9.54; 95% CI: 5.03, 18.09, p=0.001). Knew the benefits of immunization: Yes vs no (AOR=5.51; 95% CI:1.52, 19.94. p=0.009). Perception about vaccine side effects: Positive vs negative (AOR=1.92; 95% CI:1.01, 3.70). Birth order: 1 vs 2 \u0026ndash; 4 (AOR=3.64; 95% CI:1.63, 8.14, p \u0026lt;0.001); 1 vs \u003cu\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/u\u003e 5 (AOR=5.27; 95% CI:2.20, 12.64, p=0.002).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQualitative findings \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaternal migration, fear of vaccine side effect,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eunavailability of vaccine, knowledge on EPI schedule.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Maternal age\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Knowledge on benefit of immunization\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Perception about vaccine side effect\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Birth order\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Maternal migration\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Availability of vaccine\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; knowledge on EPI\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLakew,2015(Ethiopia) [20]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"161\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) women questionnaire\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCross-sectional\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003en=1927\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"331\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSource of immunization information: Immunization record vs mothers self-report (AOR=7.7; 95% CI: 5.95-10.06). postnatal check-up: Yes vs no (AOR= 1.8; 95% CI: 1.28-2.56). women\u0026rsquo;s awareness of community conversation program: Yes vs no (AOR= 1.9; 95% CI: 1.44-2.49). wealth index: Rich vs poor (AOR= 1.4, 95% CI:1.06-1.94).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Source of\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; information\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; PNC check-up\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Awareness\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Wealth index\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMohamud, 2014(Jigjiga District, Somali National Regional State, Ethiopia) [31]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"161\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStructured questionnaire\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCross-sectional\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003en=582\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"331\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaternal age: \u003cu\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/u\u003e 20 years vs \u003cu\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/u\u003e19 years (AOR= 2.19; 95% CI:1.26,3.83). Maternal literacy: Literate vs illiterate (AOR= 3.06; 95% CI:1.64,5.71). Place of residence: Urban vs rural (AOR=2.04; 95% CI:1.33,3.13). Maternal TT vaccine: Yes vs no (AOR=2.43; 95% CI: 1.56,3.77). Place of delivery: Hospital vs home (AOR= 2.02; 95% CI:1.24,3.28). Household visit by health workers: Yes vs no (AOR= 1.92; 95% 1.17,3.16).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Maternal age\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Maternal literacy\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Place of residence\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Maternal TT vaccine\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Place of delivery\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; House hold visit by health workers\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbebe, 2019 (BassonaWorena Woreda, Amhara Region, Ethiopia) [32]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"161\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStructured questionnaire and focused group discussion\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMixed method\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003en=575\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"331\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCross-sectional findings \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaternal age: \u003cu\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/u\u003e 40 years versus \u003cu\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/u\u003e 40 years (AOR = 1.9; 95% CI 1.12, 5.83). Awareness about immunization: Yes vs no (AOR = 2.8; 95% CI 1.67, 9.34). ANC follow-up: Yes vs no (AOR = 3.67; 95% CI 1.96, 6.78). Availability of health facility: Yes vs no (AOR = 1.49; 95% CI 1.06, 8.12).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQualitative findings\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLack of awareness on immunization; no faith on immunization; ANC follow-up; availability of health facility\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Maternal age\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Awareness\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; ANC follow-up\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Availability of health facility\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Lack of faith\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eZewdie et al, 2016\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(Hadiya zone, Southern Ethiopia) [33]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"161\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFocused group discussion\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eQualitative\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003en=14\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"331\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLack of awareness on immunization; no faith on immunization; ANC follow-up; availability of health facility; knowledge of benefits of immunization; knowledge of vaccination schedules and service arrangements; lack of social support from family;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eloss of vaccination card; problems with vaccine supply and service arrangement; health systems and health care provider factors; poor counselling and client-provider relationships are influencing childhood immunization uptake.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePayne, 2013 (Gambia) [34]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"161\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFarafenni Health and Demographic Surveillance System (FHDSS).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCross-sectional\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003en=7363\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"331\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthnic group: Wolof vs Mandika (AOR=1.52; 95% CI:1.28\u0026ndash;1.81, p \u0026lt;0.001). Wealth index: Quintile 5 vs Quintile 1 (AOR= 1.49; 95% CI: 1.09\u0026ndash;2.04, p= 0.011).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Ethnic group\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Wealth index\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOdutola, 2015 (Western region of Gambia) [35]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"161\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStructured questionnaire\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCross-sectional\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003en=1154\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"331\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePlace of birth: Hospital vs home (AOR=1.47; 95% CI: 1.05\u0026ndash;2.07, p=0.001). Mode of transportation: Public transport vs walking (AOR=1.54; 95% CI:1.20\u0026ndash;1.97, p=0.02). Birth order: \u003cu\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/u\u003e 2 vs \u003cu\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/u\u003e 2 (AOR:1.37; 95% CI: 1.04\u0026ndash;1.79).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Place of birth\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Mode of transportation\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Birth order\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBosu, 1997 (Komenda-Edina-Eguafo-Abrem District of Ghana) [36]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"161\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStructured questionnaire and focused group discussion\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMixed method\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003en=469\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"331\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCross-sectional findings \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKnowledge of EPI diseases: Inadequate Vs adequate: 30.35% vs 17.58% children not fully immunized.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMothers who never attend child immunization (n=74): financial difficulties (37.8%); baby too young (14.9%); mothers travelled out of community (13.5%); mothers too busy (4.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Knowledge on EPI diseases\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Financial difficulties\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Mothers attitude\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAnokye, 2018 (Koforidua, Ghana) [37]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"161\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStructured questionnaire\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCross-sectional\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003en=280\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"331\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMarital status: Married vs divorced (AOR=3.01; 95% CI: 1.59\u0026ndash;58.2, p= 0.048); Employment status: Working part-time vs unemployed (AOR=2.28; 95% CI:1.031\u0026ndash;9.11, p= 0.049); Maternal income: \u0026gt;100 cedes vs \u0026lt;100 cedes (AOR=2.41; 95% CI:1.56\u0026ndash;2.01).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Marital status\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Employment status\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Income\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMutua, 2011 (Korogocho and Viwandani slums of Nairobi, Kenya) [38]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"161\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNairobi Urban Health and Demographic Surveillance System (NUHDSS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCross-sectional\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003en=1848\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"331\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePlace of delivery: Hospital vs home (OR=1.27; 95% CI: 1.002,1.619). Maternal education: Complete primary school vs not complete (OR=1.3024; 95% CI: 1.011,1.676). Maternal age: \u0026gt; 20 years vs \u0026lt; 20 years (OR=1.48; 95% CI: 1.057,2.079).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Place of delivery\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Maternal education\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Maternal age\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePertet, 2018 (pastoralist community of Kenya) [39]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"161\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAn interviewer-administered questionnaire\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCross-sectional\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003en=515\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"331\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003elack of vaccines, p=0.002; location of health facility, p=\u0026lt;.001; nomadic lifestyle: OR=9.0; 95% CI: 1.11, 72.66, p =0.006\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Availability of vaccine\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Location of health facility\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Nomadic lifestyle\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJani, 2008 (Southern Mozambique)[40]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"161\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFace to face Interview\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCross-sectional\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003en=668\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"331\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDistance to health facility: Near vs far away (OR=3.64; 95% CI: 1.71,7.74, p=0.001). Maternal schooling: Yes vs no (OR=2.24; 95% CI: 1.41,3.56, p=0.001). Knowledge on EPI: Yes vs no (OR=2.02; 95% CI: 1.19,3.42, p=0.009). Religious beliefs: Yes vs no (OR=1.65; 95% CI: 1.15,2.36, p=0.004). Child born: Inside Mozambique vs outside (OR=5.20; 95% CI: 3.35,11.51, p\u0026lt;0.001). Place of delivery: Hospital vs home (OR=1.78; 95% CI: 1.28,3.36, p=0.03). Marital status: Married vs divorced or widowed (OR=1.68; 95% CI: 1.07,2.64, p=0.02).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Distance to HF\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Maternal schooling\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Knowledge on EPI\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Religious beliefs\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Child born location\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Place of delivery\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Marital status\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUmeh, 2018\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNorthern Nigeria [41]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"161\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFace to face interview\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCross-sectional\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003en=396\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"331\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompliant vs non-compliant\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSatisfaction with immunization p=0.001; refusal to vaccination p=0.001; doubt about Immunization p=0.001; worries about Vaccination Safety p=0.001; knowledge on importance of vaccination p=0.001; seriousness of VPDs p=0.045.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Immunization satisfaction\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Attitudes\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Knowledge on important of vaccination\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Seriousness of VPDs\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOladokun, 2010\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(Ibadan, Nigeria) [42]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"161\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFace to face interviewe\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCross-sectional\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003en=248\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"331\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaternal education: Primary vs none: OR=5.90; 95% CI: 1.87,17.92, p=0.002. Religion: Christianity vs Islam: OR=3.05; 95%:\u0026nbsp; 1.20,7.81, p=0.019. Gender of child: Male vs female: OR= 2.98; 95% CI:\u0026nbsp; 1.21, 7.35, p=0.017. Mothers Beliefs and attitudes on Immunization: 248 defaulters: availability of vaccines 65 (26.2%); lack of knowledge on EPI 41 (16.5%); inconvenient time 34 (13.7%); lack of knowledge on benefit of immunization 24 (9.7%); child ill 25 (10.1%); Immunization is waste of time 129 (52%);\u0026nbsp; immunization is harmful to children 81 (32.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Maternal education\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Religion\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Child gender\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Mothers beliefs and attitude\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBabalola, 2008South and Northern Nigeria [43]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"161\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFace to face interview\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCross-sectional\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003en=1472\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"331\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePlace of delivery: Hospital vs home (OR=2.54). child immunization record: Yes vs no (OR=2.10). Immunization ideation: High vs low (OR=6.04).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Place of delivery\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Child immunization record\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Immunization ideation\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOdusanya, 2008 Edo State, Nigeria [44]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"161\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterviewer administer questionnaire\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCross-sectional\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003en=339\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"331\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChild immunization record: Yes vs no (p=0.002)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Child immunization record\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTaiwo, 2017 Kaduna State, Nigeria [45]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"161\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSemi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCross-sectional\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003en=379\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"331\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaternal education: educated vs uneducated (AOR= 1.90; 95% CI: 1.11,3.28). Maternal perception on immunization: Good vs poor (AOR= 2.60; 95% CI: 1.50,4.51). Maternal knowledge on immunization: Satisfactory vs unsatisfactory( 135 (35.6%) vs 244 (64.4%)).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Maternal education\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Maternal perception\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Maternal knowledge on immunization\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOku, 2017 Northern and Southern Nigeria [46]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"161\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn-depth interview\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eQualitative\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003en=15\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"331\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ehealth workers shortages; training deficiencies; poor attitudes of health workers; long waiting times; attitudes among community members; engagement of traditional and religious institutions\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdedire, 2016 Ogun State, Nigeria [47]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"161\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSemi-structured questionnaire\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCross-sectional\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003en=750\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"331\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eANC follow-up: Yes vs no (AOR=3.3; 95% CI:1.2 , 8.3, p=0.03). Maternal tetanus toxoid: At least a dose vs none (AOR= 3.2; 95% CI: 1.1,10.0, p=0.04). Maternal knowledge on RI: Good vs poor (AOR=2.4; 95% CI: 1.6,3.8, p\u0026lt;0.001). Access to immunisation information in last 12 months: Yes vs no (AOR=2.5, 95% CI:1.1, 2.5, p=0.02).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; ANC follow-up\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Maternal TT\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Maternal knowledge on RI\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Accessibility\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdedokun, 2017 Nigeria [18]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"161\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSecondary analyses from the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (DHS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCross-sectional\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003en= 5754\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"331\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaternal education: secondary or higher vs none (AOR=2.14; 95% CI:1.59,2.86 secondary or higher vs primary: AOR=1.42; 95% CI:1.14,1.76). Birth order 1st -3rd order vs 4th -6th order (AOR= 1.53; 95% CI:1.24,1.86). Access to health facility: Not a problem vs problem (AOR: 1.28;1.02,1.57).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Maternal education\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Birth order\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Accessibility\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAntai, 2009 Nigeria [48]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"161\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSecondary analyses from the 2003 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (DHS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCross-sectional\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003en= 3725\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"331\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthnicity: Hausa/Fulani vs Igbo (AOR= 2.47; 95% CI:1.28,4.76).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Ethnicity\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIjarotimi, 2018 Oyo State, Nigeria [49]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"161\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003einterviewer administered questionnaires\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCross-sectional\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003en=449\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"331\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaternal educational status: \u003cu\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/u\u003e Primary vs none (AOR=6.4; 95% CI:2.9,14.0). Maternal religion: Christian vs Muslims (AOR= 2.2; 95% CI: 1.3\u0026ndash;3.7). Wealth index: Richest vs poorest (AOR= 14.5; 95% CI:8.2\u0026ndash;20.5).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Maternal education\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Religion\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Wealth index\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChambongo, 2016Ileje District, Tanzania [50]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"161\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStructured questionnaire\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCross-sectional\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003en=380\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"331\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePlace of birth: Health facility vs home (AOR=14.4; 95% CI:8.04-25.8). Perceived quality of vaccine provider client\u0026rsquo;s relationship: Positive vs negative (AOR=1.86; 95% CI: 1.03-3.5). Satisfaction with vaccine services: Satisfied vs unsatisfied (AOR=2.63; 95% CI:1.1-6.3).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Place of birth\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Perceived quality of vaccine provider client\u0026rsquo;s relationship\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Satisfaction with vaccine services:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSemali, 2010\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTanzania [51]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"161\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSecondary analyses from the 1990, 1996 and 2004 Tanzania DHS\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCross-sectional\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003en=4471\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"331\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResidence: Urban vs rural (AOR= 1.4; 95% CI: 1.0-1.9). Number of children under five years: \u0026lt;2 vs \u0026gt;2 (AOR=1.4; 95% CI: 1.0-1.8). Wealth index: Least poor vs most poor (AOR=1.9; 95% CI: 1.1-3.7).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Residence\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Number of children under five years\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Wealth index\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVonasek, 2016 Rural Sheema District Southwest Uganda [52]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"161\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFace-to-face interviews\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCross-sectional\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003en=476\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"331\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStated reasons to immunize children Protect children from disease: Yes vs no (PR= 1.35; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.80).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Knowledge\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKiptoo, 2015 East Pokot, Baringo, Kenya [53]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"161\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStructured questionnaire\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCross-sectional\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003en=298\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"331\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaternal level of education: primary vs none (OR=3.55; 95% CI: 1.49-8.47; p=0.0049). knowledge on immunization schedule: yes vs no (OR=9.04; 95% CI:1.37-7.87; p\u0026lt;0.0001). Nomadic lifestyle: yes vs no (OR=11.06; 95% CI: 4.29-28.54; p\u0026lt;0.0001). Distance to health facility: \u0026lt;1-hour vs \u0026gt;1 hour (OR=18.24; 95% CI: 5.56-59.80; p\u0026lt;0.0001). Area of residence: urban vs rural (OR=12.3; 95% CI: 4.77-31.73; p\u0026lt;0.0001). Place of birth: hospital vs home (OR= 4.5; 95% CI: 1.7-11.61; p\u0026lt;0.0001).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Maternal level of education\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Knowledge on immunization schedule\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Nomadic lifestyle\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Distance to health facility\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Area of residence\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Place of birth\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKagone, 2017 Nouna, North West Burkina Faso [54]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"161\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNouna Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCross-sectional\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003en=6579\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"331\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaternal educational status: educated vs non educated (AOR=1.08; 95% CI: 1.02-1.13; p=0.02)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Educational status\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGidado, 2014 Zamfara state, Nigeria [15]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"161\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStructured interviewer-administered questionnaire\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCross-sectional\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003en=450\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"331\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSatisfactory knowledge on routine immunization: yes vs no (AOR=18.4; 95% CI=3.6-94.7). Level of education: secondary education vs none (AOR=3.6; 95% CI=1.2-10.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Satisfactory knowledge on routine immunization\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Level of education\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDuru, 2016 Imo state,Nigeria [55]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"161\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSemi structured, interviewer administered questionnaire\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCross-sectional\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003en= 743\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"331\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaternal age (year): 25-29 vs \u0026lt;25 (OR= 2.1; 95% CI: 1.12- 4.05; p \u0026lt; 0.01). Maternal level of education: primary vs none (OR= 7.5; 95% CI: 1.27 - 44.08, p \u0026lt; 0.05). Knowledge about immunization: good vs poor (OR= 37.71; 95% CI: 4.74 - 299.62; p \u0026lt; 0.0001).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Maternal age\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Maternal level of education\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Knowledge about immunization\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLegesse, 2015 Southeast Ethiopia [16]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"161\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePre-tested, interviewer administered questionnaire\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCross-sectional\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003en=591\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"331\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAntenatal care follow-up: yes vs no (AOR = 3.7; 95% CI: 2.3-5.9). Maternal occupation: farmer vs housewife (AOR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.1-3.1).Paternal level of education: \u003cu\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/u\u003esecondary vs illiterate (AOR = 3.1; 95% CI: 1.3-7.4).Family income:\u0026gt;1000 52 USD vs \u0026lt; 52 USD (AOR = 3.2; 95% CI: 1.4-7.4).Distance to health facilities:\u0026lt;an hour vs \u0026gt; an hour (AOR = 3.1; 95% CI: 1.5-6.3). Ever discussed about immunization with HEWs: yes vs no (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.3-4.2).Maternal knowledge on immunization: good vs poor (AOR = 2.5; 95% CI: 1.5-4.2).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Antenatal care follow-up\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Maternal occupation\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Paternal level of education\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Family income\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Distance to heath facilities\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Ever discussed about immunization with HEWs\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Maternal knowledge on immunization\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOliveira, 2014 Angola [56]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"161\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003einterviewer administered questionnaire\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCross-sectional\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003en=1209\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"331\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChild age (years): \u0026gt; 1 vs \u0026lt; 1 (APR=1.78; 95% CI: 1.53-2.07). Family size: 2-3 vs \u0026gt; 6 (APR= 1.34; 95% CI: 1.05-1.71).\u0026nbsp; Knowledge of immunization programs: yes vs no (APR=1.32; 95% CI: 1.07-1.63). Appliances: radio vs television or none (APR=1.45; 95% CI: 1.05-1.99).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Child age\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Family size\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Knowledge of immunization programs\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Appliances\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBbale,2013 Uganda [19]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"161\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUganda Demographic Health Survey (UDHS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCross-sectional\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003en= 7591\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"331\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaternaleducational status: primary education vs no education (increase probability of fully immunized child 8-14%; p\u0026lt; 0.05); secondary education vs no education (increase probability of childreceiving three doses of DPT and oral polio vaccines: 6-7%; p\u0026lt; 0.05); primary education vs no education (increase probability of child receiving three doses of oral polio vaccines: 7-11%; p\u0026lt; 0.01).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWealth index: rich vs poor (increase probability of child being vaccinated against polio and measles by 7%; p\u0026lt; 0.05).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Maternal educational status\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Wealth index\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGunnala, 2016 Nigeria [57]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"161\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePre-tested, interviewer administered questionnaire\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCross-sectional\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003en=7815\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"331\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCommon reported reason for non-vaccination: lack of maternal knowledge on vaccines and vaccination services (50%), poor maternal attitude towards immunization (16%), lack of access to routine immunization services (15%) and fear of side effects (9%).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Lack of maternal knowledge on vaccines\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Poor maternal attitude towards immunization\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Lack of access\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Fear of side effects\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChris-Otubor 2016 Nigeria [58]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"161\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003esemi-structured questionnaire\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCross-sectional\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003en=232\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"331\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaternal education: primary or secondary vs none; marital status: married vs single or separated or divorced; religion: Islam vs Christian, geopolitical zone: \u0026nbsp;and the mother or the father of the child been immunized as children significantly influenced maternal knowledge on childhood immunization (p\u0026lt;0.05).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Maternal education\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Marital status\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Religion\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Geopolitical zone\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Mother or father being immunized as children\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTadesse, 2009 Ethiopia [59]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"161\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003estructured questionnaire\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCase-control\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003en=264\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"331\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCurrent postnatal care visit: yes vs no (AOR= 19.52; 95% CI: 1.68-226.29. Perceived health institution support: positive attitude vs negative attitude (AOR= 2.71; 95% CI 1.39-5.26). knowledge of immunization schedule: yes vs no (AOR= 3.01; 95% CI: 1.42-6.35). knowledge on OPV schedule: yes vs no (AOR= 6.52; 95% CI: 1.35-31.39). knowledge on measles: yes vs no (AOR= 34.72; 95% CI: 12.74-94.64). knowledge on benefit of vaccines: yes vs no (AOR= 6.36; 95% CI: 1.24-9.53).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Postnatal care visit\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Perceived health institution support\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Knowledge on immunization schedule\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Knowledge on OPV schedule\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Knowledge on measles\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Knowledge on benefit of vaccines\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKio, 2016 Ogun state, Nigeria [60]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"161\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStructured pre-tested questionnaire\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCross-sectional\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003en=120\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"331\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReason for defaulting: 52% or respondents are lacking knowledge on child immunization schedule, 47.5% reported lack of awareness on immunization in their areas, 54.2 reported negative cultural belief on immunization in their areas, 43.8% believes immunization to has adverse effects, 54.2% reported communicable diseases has to do nothing with routine immunization and 51% reported their children to be available for immunization only if the schedule is convenient for them\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Lack of maternal knowledge on child immunization schedule\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Lack of awareness on immunization\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Cultural beliefs\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Adverse effects\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Lack of knowledge routine immunization\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Convenient time\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAwosan, 2018 Sokoto state, Nigeria [61]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"161\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003estandardized, structured, interviewer- administered questionnaire\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCross-sectional\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003en=220\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"331\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e55.5 % of the respondents are having poor knowledge of the child that requires immunization and its benefits. 50.9% of the respondents are having poor knowledge on vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs). Knowledge on VPDs: good vs poor (85.2% vs 46.4% p\u0026lt;0.05 children fully immunized).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Knowledge on immunization\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Knowledge on VPDs\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEkure, 2013 Southwest, Nigeria [62]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"161\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003einterviewer-administered questionnaire\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCross-sectional\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003en=36\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"331\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;30 % of the respondents reported not to take their children back to complete RI if they develop any adverse effect and \u0026gt;40 % of the respondents reported not to allow their children to receive polio vaccine.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Fear of adverse effects\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Poor attitude\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCanavan, 2014 Uganda [63]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"161\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUganda demographic Health Survey (UDHS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCross-sectional\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003en=474\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"331\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaternal educational status: secondary school or higher vs no formal education (AOR=3.39; 95% CI:1.20-9.51). Place of delivery: public hospital vs home (AOR=3.94; 95% CI: 2.12-7.33).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Maternal educational status\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Place of delivery\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOmotora, 2012 Borno state, Nigeria [64]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"161\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFocus group discussion\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eQualitative\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003en=120\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"331\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe main reasons for not fully supporting immunization program in some areas includes: inadequate adequate information about logistics and time of immunization programme, lack of adequate involvement of traditional and religious leaders and poor attitude of health workers. Mothers need incentives in order for them to take their children for immunization in forms of soap and complimentary health care services.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Inadequate adequate information about logistics and time of immunization programme\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Lack of adequate involvement of traditional and religious leaders\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Poor attitude of health workers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Incentives\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch1 style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;font-weight:bold;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:107%;\"\u003eTable 2: Summary of systematic review of factors influencing childhood immunization uptake in Africa\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 1.6e+3pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none;\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91.9pt;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eAuthors/year/Location\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120.5pt;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eMethod\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eStudy design\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eSample size\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.05pt;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eResults\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 148.85pt;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eFactors\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eStudy quality\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91.9pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eSanou, 2009 (Nouna District, Burkina Faso) [24]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120.5pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eNouna Health Research Centres Demographic Surveillance System (DSS).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eCross-sectional\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003en=476\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.05pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eKnowledge of the preventive objectives of immunization: Illiterate parent vs literate parents 7.8% Vs 90%, p= 0.030 completely immunized; Availability of a vaccination record document: Yes vs no: OR=2.381; 95% CI: 1.436-3.948, p=0.001; Religion: Muslims Vs Others OR=1.813; 95% CI: 1.102-2.985, p=0.019; Marital status: Monogamous parent\u0026rsquo;s vs polygamous parents; 61.4% vs 34.2%, p\u0026lt;0.05; Economic status: 4\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e quartile vs 1\u003csup\u003est\u003c/sup\u003e, 2\u003csup\u003end\u003c/sup\u003e and 3\u003csup\u003erd\u003c/sup\u003e : OR= 2.100; 95% CI: 1.242-3.554, p=0.006\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 148.85pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: decimal;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eKnowledge\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eAvailability of child immunization record\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eReligion\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eMarital status\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eEconomic status\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91.9pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eChiabi, 2017 (Yaounde, Cameroon) [25]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003ePre-tested questionnaire and children\u0026rsquo;s vaccination booklets\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eCross-sectional\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003en=400\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.05pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eMaternal educational status: Higher education vs primary and secondary (AOR= 7.0; 95% CI: 2.16-22.68, p= 0.001). Paternal occupational status: Employed vs unemployed (AOR= 12.39; 95% CI: 2.21-69.26, p=0.004)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 148.85pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: decimal;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eMaternal education\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003ePaternal occupation\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91.9pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:18.0pt;margin:0in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-6.0pt;'\u003eMwamba, 2017\u0026nbsp;(Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo) [26]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eStructured interview\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eCross-sectional\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003en=1224\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.05pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eDistance to health facility: \u0026lt; 30 minutes vs \u0026gt;30 minutes p=0.04; Mothers thought child vaccine is up-to date: Yes vs No \u0026lt;0.001.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 148.85pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: decimal;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eDistance to health facility\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eMothers thought\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91.9pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eAregawi, 2017 (Laelay Adiabo District, Northern Ethiopia) [27]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eStructured questionnaire\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eCase-control\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003en=270\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.05pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eMaternal knowledge on Immunization: Good vs poor (AOR = 3.3,95% CI:1.87\u0026ndash;7.43). Post-natal care follow-up: Yes vs no (AOR = 5.2,95%CI:2.36\u0026ndash;11.46). participation in women\u0026rsquo;s developmental groups: Good vs poor (AOR = 3.3,95%CI 1.54\u0026ndash;7.08). Health extension worker visit: Yes vs no (AOR = 2.68,95%CI:1.30\u0026ndash;5.51). Distance to health facility: \u0026lt;30 minutes vs \u0026gt; 30 minutes (AOR =3.56,95%CI:1.58\u0026ndash;8.01). Other reasons for defaulting: Child illness 21.1%; Forgetfulness 17.80%; Inconvenience time 8.9%; Lack awareness about vaccine 7.80%; Not knowing return for 2\u003csup\u003end\u003c/sup\u003e and 3\u003csup\u003erd\u003c/sup\u003e dose 7.80%; Vaccine not available 5.60% and\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eFear of side effect 4.40%.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 148.85pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: decimal;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eMaternal knowledge on immunization\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003ePost-natal care\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eParticipation in women\u0026rsquo;s developmental groups\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eHealth extension worker visit\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eAttitude\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eLack of awareness\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eLack of knowledge on EPI schedule\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eAvailability of vaccine\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91.9pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eAnimaw, 2014 (Arba Minch town and Zuria District, Southern Ethiopia) [28]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eSemi structured questionnaire and child immunization record\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eCross-sectional\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003en=630\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.05pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eMaternal educational status: Primary or above vs no education (AOR=2.22; 95% CI 1.31,3.76). Accessible vaccination site: Yes vs no (AOR=4.54; 95%CI:2.34,8.77). Nearest vaccine site: Health post vs outreach (AOR=1.89; 95% CI: 1.07,3.33).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 148.85pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: decimal;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eMaternal education\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eAccessible vaccine site\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eNearest vaccine site\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eHigh\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91.9pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eEtana, 2012 (Ambo Woreda, Central Ethiopia) [29]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eStructured questionnaire and child immunization record\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eCross-sectional\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003en=536\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.05pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eMaternal Knowledge on benefit of immunization: Yes vs no (OR=4.5; 95% CI: 2.5,7.9). Maternal Knowledge on age to start immunization: Yes vs no (AOR=2.9, 95% CI: 1.9,4.6). Maternal knowledge on age to complete child immunization: Yes vs no (AOR=4.3; 95%CI:2.3,8.0). ANC follow-up: Yes vs no (AOR=2.4; 95% CI:1.2,4.9). Maternal knowledge on total immunization session: Yes vs no (OR=1.7; 95%CI:1.1,2.5). Place of delivery: Hospital vs home (AOR=2.1; 95% CI: 1.3,3.4).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 148.85pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: decimal;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eMaternal knowledge on benefit of vaccine\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eKnowledge on age to start child immunization\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eKnowledge on age to complete child immunization\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eANC follow-up\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eMaternal knowledge on total immunization session\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003ePlace of delivery\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:.5in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eHigh\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:107%;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:107%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:107%;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:107%;\"\u003eTable 2: Summary of systematic review of factors influencing childhood immunization uptake in Africa (Continued)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 1.6e+3pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none;\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91.9pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eNegussie, 2016\u0026nbsp;(Arbegona district, southern Ethiopia) [30]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120.5pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eStructured questionnaire and focused group discussion\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eMixed method\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003en=548\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.05pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCase-control findings\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eMaternal Age: \u0026gt;19 years vs \u0026lt; 19 years (AOR=9.54; 95% CI: 5.03, 18.09, p=0.001). Knew the benefits of immunization: Yes vs no (AOR=5.51; 95% CI:1.52, 19.94. p=0.009). Perception about vaccine side effects: Positive vs negative (AOR=1.92; 95% CI:1.01, 3.70). Birth order: 1 vs 2 \u0026ndash; 4 (AOR=3.64; 95% CI:1.63, 8.14, p \u0026lt;0.001); 1 vs \u003cu\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/u\u003e 5 (AOR=5.27; 95% CI:2.20, 12.64, p=0.002).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQualitative findings\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eMaternal migration, fear of vaccine side effect,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eunavailability of vaccine, knowledge on EPI schedule.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 148.85pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: decimal;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eMaternal age\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eKnowledge on benefit of immunization\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003ePerception about vaccine side effect\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eBirth order\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eMaternal migration\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eAvailability of vaccine\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eknowledge on EPI\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91.9pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:18.0pt;margin:0in;text-align:justify;'\u003eLakew, 2015 (Ethiopia) [20]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eEthiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) women questionnaire\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eCross-sectional\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003en=1927\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.05pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eSource of immunization information: Immunization record vs mothers self-report (AOR=7.7; 95% CI: 5.95-10.06). postnatal check-up: Yes vs no (AOR= 1.8; 95% CI: 1.28-2.56). women\u0026rsquo;s awareness of community conversation program: Yes vs no (AOR= 1.9; 95% CI: 1.44-2.49). wealth index: Rich vs poor (AOR= 1.4, 95% CI:1.06-1.94).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 148.85pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: decimal;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eSource of \u0026nbsp; information\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003ePNC check-up\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eAwareness\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eWealth index\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91.9pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eMohamud, 2014 (Jigjiga District, Somali National Regional State, Ethiopia) [31]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eStructured questionnaire\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eCross-sectional\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003en=582\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.05pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eMaternal age: \u003cu\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/u\u003e 20 years vs \u003cu\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/u\u003e19 years (AOR= 2.19; 95% CI:1.26,3.83). Maternal literacy: Literate vs illiterate (AOR= 3.06; 95% CI:1.64,5.71). Place of residence: Urban vs rural (AOR=2.04; 95% CI:1.33,3.13). Maternal TT vaccine: Yes vs no (AOR=2.43; 95% CI: 1.56,3.77). Place of delivery: Hospital vs home (AOR= 2.02; 95% CI:1.24,3.28). Household visit by health workers: Yes vs no (AOR= 1.92; 95% 1.17,3.16).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 148.85pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: decimal;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eMaternal age\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eMaternal literacy\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003ePlace of residence\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eMaternal TT vaccine\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003ePlace of delivery\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eHouse hold visit by health workers\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:107%;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:107%;color:white;\"\u003eTable 2: Summary of systematic review of factors influencing childhood immunization uptake in Africa (Continued)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 1.6e+3pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none;\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91.9pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eAbebe, 2019 (Bassona Worena Woreda, Amhara Region, Ethiopia) [32]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120.5pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eStructured questionnaire and focused group discussion\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eMixed method \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003en=575\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.05pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCross-sectional findings\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eMaternal age: \u003cu\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/u\u003e 40 years versus \u003cu\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/u\u003e 40 years (AOR = 1.9; 95% CI 1.12, 5.83). Awareness about immunization: Yes vs no (AOR = 2.8; 95% CI 1.67, 9.34). ANC follow-up: Yes vs no (AOR = 3.67; 95% CI 1.96, 6.78). Availability of health facility: Yes vs no (AOR = 1.49; 95% CI 1.06, 8.12).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQualitative findings\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eLack of awareness on immunization; no faith on immunization; ANC follow-up; availability of health facility\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 148.85pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: decimal;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eMaternal age\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eAwareness\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eANC follow-up\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eAvailability of health facility\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eLack of faith\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:.25in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91.9pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:18.0pt;margin:0in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-6.0pt;'\u003eZewdie et al, 2016\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e(Hadiya zone, Southern Ethiopia) [33]\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003ePhenomenological method\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eQualitative\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003en=14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.05pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eLack of awareness on immunization; no faith on immunization; ANC follow-up; availability of health facility; knowledge of benefits of immunization; knowledge of vaccination schedules and service arrangements; lack of social support from family;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eloss of vaccination card; problems with vaccine supply and service arrangement; health systems and health care provider factors; poor counselling and client-provider relationships are influencing childhood immunization uptake.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 148.85pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:107%;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:107%;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:107%;\"\u003eTable 2: Summary of systematic review of factors influencing childhood immunization uptake in Africa (Continued)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 1.6e+3pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none;\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91.9pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003ePayne, 2013 (\u003c/span\u003eGambia) [34]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120.5pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eFarafenni Health and Demographic Surveillance System (FHDSS).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eCross-sectional\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003en=7363\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.05pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eEthnic group: Wolof vs Mandika (AOR=1.52; 95% CI:1.28\u0026ndash;1.81, p \u0026lt;0.001). Wealth index: Quintile 5 vs Quintile 1 (AOR= 1.49; 95% CI: 1.09\u0026ndash;2.04, p= 0.011).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 148.85pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: decimal;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eEthnic group\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eWealth index\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eModerate\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91.9pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eOdutola, 2015 (Western region of Gambia) [35]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eStructured questionnaire\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eCross-sectional\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003en=1154\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.05pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003ePlace of birth: Hospital vs home (AOR=1.47; 95% CI: 1.05\u0026ndash;2.07, p=0.001). Mode of transportation: Public transport vs walking (AOR=1.54; 95% CI:1.20\u0026ndash;1.97, p=0.02). Birth order: \u003cu\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/u\u003e 2 vs \u003cu\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/u\u003e 2 (AOR:1.37; 95% CI: 1.04\u0026ndash;1.79).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 148.85pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: decimal;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003ePlace of birth\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eMode of transportation\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eBirth order\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91.9pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eBosu, 1997 (Komenda-Edina-Eguafo-Abrem District of Ghana) [36]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eStructured questionnaire and focused group discussion\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eMixed method\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003en=469\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.05pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCross-sectional findings\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eKnowledge of EPI diseases: Inadequate Vs adequate: 30.35% vs 17.58% children not fully immunized.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eMothers who never attend child immunization (n=74): financial difficulties (37.8%); baby too young (14.9%); mothers travelled out of community (13.5%); mothers too busy (4.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 148.85pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: decimal;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eKnowledge on EPI diseases\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eFinancial difficulties\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eMothers attitude\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eModerate\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91.9pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eAnokye, 2018 (Koforidua, Ghana) [37]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eStructured questionnaire\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eCross-sectional\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003en=280\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.05pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eMarital status: Married vs divorced (AOR=3.01; 95% CI: 1.59\u0026ndash;58.2, p= 0.048); Employment status: Working part-time vs unemployed (AOR=2.28; 95% CI:1.031\u0026ndash;9.11, p= 0.049); Maternal income: \u0026gt;100 cedes vs \u0026lt;100 cedes (AOR=2.41; 95% CI:1.56\u0026ndash;2.01).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 148.85pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: decimal;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eMarital status\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eEmployment status\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eIncome\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eHigh\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91.9pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eMutua, 2011 (Korogocho and Viwandani slums of Nairobi, Kenya) [38]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eNairobi Urban Health and Demographic Surveillance System (NUHDSS)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eCross-sectional\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003en=1848\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.05pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003ePlace of delivery: Hospital vs home (OR=1.27; 95% CI: 1.002,1.619). Maternal education: Complete primary school vs not complete (OR=1.3024; 95% CI: 1.011,1.676). Maternal age: \u0026gt; 20 years vs \u0026lt; 20 years (OR=1.48; 95% CI: 1.057,2.079).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 148.85pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: decimal;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003ePlace of delivery\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eMaternal education\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eMaternal age\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:107%;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:107%;color:white;\"\u003eTable 2: Summary of systematic review of factors influencing childhood immunization uptake in Africa (Continued)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 1.6e+3pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none;\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91.9pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:18.0pt;margin:0in;text-align:justify;'\u003ePertet, 2018 (pastoralist community of Kenya) [39]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120.5pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eAn interviewer-administered questionnaire\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eCross-sectional\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003en=515\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.05pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003elack of vaccines, p=0.002; location of health facility, p=\u0026lt;.001; nomadic lifestyle: OR=9.0; 95% CI: 1.11, 72.66, p =0.006\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 148.85pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: decimal;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eAvailability of vaccine\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eLocation of health facility\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eNomadic lifestyle\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eHigh\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91.9pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eJani, 2008 (Southern Mozambique)\u0026nbsp;[40]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eFace to face Interview\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eCross-sectional\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003en=668\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.05pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eDistance to health facility: Near vs far away (OR=3.64; 95% CI: 1.71,7.74, p=0.001). Maternal schooling: Yes vs no (OR=2.24; 95% CI: 1.41,3.56, p=0.001). Knowledge on EPI: Yes vs no (OR=2.02; 95% CI: 1.19,3.42, p=0.009). Religious beliefs: Yes vs no (OR=1.65; 95% CI: 1.15,2.36, p=0.004). Child born: Inside Mozambique vs outside (OR=5.20; 95% CI: 3.35,11.51, p\u0026lt;0.001). Place of delivery: Hospital vs home (OR=1.78; 95% CI: 1.28,3.36, p=0.03). Marital status: Married vs divorced or widowed (OR=1.68; 95% CI: 1.07,2.64, p=0.02).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 148.85pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: decimal;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eDistance to HF\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eMaternal schooling\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eKnowledge on EPI\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eReligious beliefs\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eChild born location\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003ePlace of delivery\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eMarital status\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:.5in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91.9pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eUmeh, 2018\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eNorthern Nigeria [41]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eFace to face interview\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eCross-sectional\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003en=396\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.05pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompliant vs non-compliant\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eSatisfaction with immunization p=0.001; refusal to vaccination p=0.001; doubt about Immunization p=0.001; worries about Vaccination Safety p=0.001; knowledge on importance of vaccination p=0.001; seriousness of VPDs p=0.045.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:.5in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 148.85pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: decimal;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eImmunization satisfaction\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eAttitudes\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eKnowledge on important of vaccination\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eSeriousness of VPDs\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:107%;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:107%;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:107%;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:107%;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:107%;\"\u003eTable 2: Summary of systematic review of factors influencing childhood immunization uptake in Africa (Continued)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 1.6e+3pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none;\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91.9pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eOladokun, 2010\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e(Ibadan, Nigeria) [42]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120.5pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eFace to face interview\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eCross-sectional\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003en=248\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.05pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eMaternal education: Primary vs none: OR=5.90; 95% CI: 1.87,17.92, p=0.002. Religion: Christianity vs Islam: OR=3.05; 95%: \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 1.20,7.81, p=0.019. Gender of child: Male vs female: OR= 2.98; 95% CI: \u0026nbsp;1.21, 7.35, p=0.017. Mothers Beliefs and attitudes on Immunization: 248 defaulters: availability of vaccines 65 (26.2%); lack of knowledge on EPI 41 (16.5%); inconvenient time 34 (13.7%); lack of knowledge on benefit of immunization 24 (9.7%); child ill 25 (10.1%); Immunization is waste of time 129 (52%); \u0026nbsp;immunization is harmful to children 81 (32.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 148.85pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: decimal;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eMaternal education\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eReligion\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eChild gender\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eMothers beliefs and attitude\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:.25in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eModerate\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91.9pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eBabalola, 2008\u0026nbsp;South and Northern Nigeria [43]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eFace to face interview\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eCross-sectional\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003en=1472\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.05pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003ePlace of delivery: Hospital vs home (OR=2.54). child immunization record: Yes vs no (OR=2.10). Immunization ideation: High vs low (OR=6.04).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 148.85pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: decimal;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003ePlace of delivery\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eChild immunization record\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eImmunization ideation\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eModerate\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91.9pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eOdusanya, 2008\u0026nbsp;Edo State, Nigeria [44]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eInterviewer administer questionnaire\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eCross-sectional\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003en=339\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.05pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eChild immunization record: Yes vs no (p=0.002)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 148.85pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: decimal;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eChild immunization record\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91.9pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eTaiwo, 2017\u0026nbsp;Kaduna State, Nigeria [45]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eSemi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eCross-sectional\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003en=379\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.05pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eMaternal education: educated vs uneducated (AOR= 1.90; 95% CI: 1.11,3.28). Maternal perception on immunization: Good vs poor (AOR= 2.60; 95% CI: 1.50,4.51). Maternal knowledge on immunization: Satisfactory vs unsatisfactory (135 (35.6%) vs 244 (64.4%)).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 148.85pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: decimal;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eMaternal education\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eMaternal perception\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eMaternal knowledge on immunization\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eModerate\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91.9pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eOku, 2017 Northern and Southern Nigeria [46]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eCase study model \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eQualitative\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003en=15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.05pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003ehealth workers shortages; training deficiencies; poor attitudes of health workers; long waiting times; attitudes among community members; engagement of traditional and religious institutions\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 148.85pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:107%;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:107%;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:107%;\"\u003eTable 2: Summary of systematic review of factors influencing childhood immunization uptake in Africa (Continued)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 1.6e+3pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none;\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91.9pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eAdedire, 2016\u0026nbsp;Ogun State, Nigeria [47]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120.5pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eSemi-structured questionnaire\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eCross-sectional\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003en=750\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.05pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eANC follow-up: Yes vs no (AOR=3.3; 95% CI:1.2 , 8.3, p=0.03). Maternal tetanus toxoid: At least a dose vs none (AOR= 3.2; 95% CI: 1.1,10.0, p=0.04). Maternal knowledge on RI: Good vs poor (AOR=2.4; 95% CI: 1.6,3.8, p\u0026lt;0.001). Access to immunisation information in last 12 months: Yes vs no (AOR=2.5, 95% CI:1.1, 2.5, p=0.02).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 148.85pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: decimal;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eANC follow-up\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eMaternal TT\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eMaternal knowledge on RI\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eAccessibility\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91.9pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eAdedokun, 2017\u0026nbsp;Nigeria [18]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eSecondary analyses from the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eCross-sectional\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003en= 5754\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.05pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eMaternal education: secondary or higher vs none (AOR=2.14; 95% CI:1.59,2.86 secondary or higher vs primary: AOR=1.42; 95% CI:1.14,1.76). Birth order 1st -3rd order vs 4th -6th order (AOR= 1.53; 95% CI:1.24,1.86). Access to health facility: Not a problem vs problem (AOR: 1.28;1.02,1.57).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 148.85pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: decimal;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eMaternal education\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eBirth order\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eAccessibility\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91.9pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003eAntai, 2009 Nigeria [48]\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eSecondary analyses from the 2003 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (DHS)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eCross-sectional\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003en= 3725\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.05pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eEthnicity: Hausa/Fulani vs Igbo (AOR= 2.47; 95% CI:1.28,4.76).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 148.85pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: decimal;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eEthnicity\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91.9pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eIjarotimi, 2018 Oyo State, Nigeria [49]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003einterviewer administered questionnaires\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eCross-sectional\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003en=449\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.05pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eMaternal educational status: \u003cu\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/u\u003e Primary vs none (AOR=6.4; 95% CI:2.9,14.0). Maternal religion: Christian vs Muslims (AOR= 2.2; 95% CI: 1.3\u0026ndash;3.7). Wealth index: Richest vs poorest (AOR= 14.5; 95% CI:8.2\u0026ndash;20.5).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 148.85pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: decimal;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eMaternal education\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eReligion\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eWealth index\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:107%;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:107%;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:107%;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:107%;\"\u003eTable 2: Summary of systematic review of factors influencing childhood immunization uptake in Africa (Continued)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 1.6e+3pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none;\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91.9pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eChambongo, 2016\u0026nbsp;Ileje District, Tanzania [50]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120.5pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eStructured questionnaire\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eCross-sectional\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003en=380\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.05pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003ePlace of birth: Health facility vs home (AOR=14.4; 95% CI:8.04-25.8). Perceived quality of vaccine provider client\u0026rsquo;s relationship: Positive vs negative (AOR=1.86; 95% CI: 1.03-3.5). Satisfaction with vaccine services: Satisfied vs unsatisfied (AOR=2.63; 95% CI:1.1-6.3).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 148.85pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: decimal;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003ePlace of birth\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003ePerceived quality of vaccine provider client\u0026rsquo;s relationship\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eSatisfaction with vaccine services:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91.9pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eSemali, 2010\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eTanzania [51]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eSecondary analyses from the 1990, 1996 and 2004 Tanzania DHS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eCross-sectional\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003en=4471\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.05pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eResidence: Urban vs rural (AOR= 1.4; 95% CI: 1.0-1.9). Number of children under five years: \u0026lt;2 vs \u0026gt;2 (AOR=1.4; 95% CI: 1.0-1.8). Wealth index: Least poor vs most poor (AOR=1.9; 95% CI: 1.1-3.7).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 148.85pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: decimal;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eResidence\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eNumber of children under five years\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eWealth index\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eModerate\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91.9pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eVonasek, 2016 Rural Sheema District Southwest Uganda [52]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eFace-to-face interviews\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eCross-sectional\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003en=476\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.05pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eStated reasons to immunize children protect children from disease: Yes vs no (PR= 1.35; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.80).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 148.85pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: decimal;margin-left:11.3px;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003eKnowledge\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eModerate\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;margin-left:11.3px;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;margin-left:11.3px;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;margin-left:11.3px;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;margin-left:11.3px;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;margin-left:11.3px;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91.9pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eKiptoo, 2015 East Pokot, Baringo, Kenya [53]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eStructured questionnaire\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eCross-sectional\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003en=298\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.05pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eMaternal level of education: primary vs none (OR=3.55; 95% CI: 1.49-8.47; p=0.0049). knowledge on immunization schedule: yes vs no (OR=9.04; 95% CI: 1.37-7.87; p\u0026lt;0.0001). Nomadic lifestyle: yes vs no (OR=11.06; 95% CI: 4.29-28.54; p\u0026lt;0.0001). Distance to health facility: \u0026lt; 1-hour vs \u0026gt;1 hour (OR=18.24; 95% CI: 5.56-59.80; p\u0026lt;0.0001). Area of residence: urban vs rural (OR=12.3; 95% CI: 4.77-31.73; p\u0026lt;0.0001). Place of birth: hospital vs home (OR= 4.5; 95% CI: 1.7-11.61; p\u0026lt;0.0001).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 148.85pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: decimal;margin-left:36.35px;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eMaternal level of education\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eKnowledge on immunization schedule\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eNomadic lifestyle\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eDistance to health facility\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eArea of residence\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003ePlace of birth\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;margin-left:36.35px;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;margin-left:36.35px;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;margin-left:36.35px;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;margin-left:36.35px;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;margin-left:36.35px;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:107%;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:107%;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:107%;\"\u003eTable 2: Summary of systematic review of factors influencing childhood immunization uptake in Africa (Continued)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 1.6e+3pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none;\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91.9pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eKagone, 2017 Nouna, North West Burkina Faso [54]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120.5pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eNouna Health and Demographic Surveillance System (NHDSS)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eCross-sectional\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003en=6579\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.05pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eMaternal educational status: educated vs non educated (AOR=1.08; 95% CI: 1.02-1.13; p=0.02)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 148.85pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: decimal;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eEducational status\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91.9pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eGidado, 2014 Zamfara state, Nigeria [15]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eStructured interviewer-administered questionnaire\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eCross-sectional\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003en=450\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.05pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eSatisfactory knowledge on routine immunization: yes vs no (AOR=18.4; 95% CI=3.6-94.7). Level of education: secondary education vs none (AOR=3.6; 95% CI=1.2-10.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 148.85pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: decimal;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eSatisfactory knowledge on routine immunization\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eLevel of education\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eModerate\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91.9pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eDuru, 2016 Imo state, Nigeria [55]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eSemi structured, interviewer administered questionnaire\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eCross-sectional\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003en= 743\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.05pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eMaternal age (year): 25-29 vs \u0026lt;25 (OR= 2.1; 95% CI: 1.12 - 4.05; p \u0026lt; 0.01). Maternal level of education: primary vs none (OR= 7.5; 95% CI: 1.27 - 44.08, p \u0026lt; 0.05). Knowledge about immunization: good vs poor (OR= 37.71; 95% CI: 4.74 - 299.62; p \u0026lt; 0.0001).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 148.85pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: decimal;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eMaternal age\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eMaternal level of education\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eKnowledge about immunization\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eModerate\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91.9pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eLegesse, 2015 \u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003eSoutheast Ethiopia [16]\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003ePre-tested, interviewer administered questionnaire\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eCross-sectional\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003en=591\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.05pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003eAntenatal care follow-up: yes vs no (AOR = 3.7; 95% CI: 2.3-5.9). Maternal occupation: farmer vs housewife (AOR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.1-3.1). Paternal level of education: \u003cu\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/u\u003e secondary vs illiterate (AOR = 3.1; 95% CI: 1.3-7.4). Family income: \u0026gt;1000 52 USD vs \u0026lt; 52 USD (AOR = 3.2; 95% CI: 1.4-7.4). Distance to health facilities: \u0026lt; an hour vs \u0026gt; an hour (AOR = 3.1; 95% CI: 1.5-6.3). Ever discussed about immunization with HEWs: yes vs no (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.3-4.2). Maternal knowledge on immunization: good vs poor (AOR = 2.5; 95% CI: 1.5-4.2).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 148.85pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: decimal;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;background:white;'\u003eAntenatal care follow-up\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eMaternal occupation\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003ePaternal level of education\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eFamily income\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:16px;'\u003eDistance to heath facilities\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;background:white;'\u003eEver discussed about immunization with HEWs\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;background:white;'\u003eMaternal knowledge on immunization\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003eHigh\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e8.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e9.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e10.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e11.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e12.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:107%;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:107%;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:107%;\"\u003eTable 2: Summary of systematic review of factors influencing childhood immunization uptake in Africa (Continued)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 1.6e+3pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none;\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91.9pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eOliveira, 2014 Angola [56]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120.5pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003einterviewer administered questionnaire\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eCross-sectional\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003en=1209\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.05pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003eChild age (years): \u0026gt; 1 vs \u0026lt; 1 (APR=1.78; 95% CI: 1.53-2.07). Family size: 2-3 vs \u0026gt; 6 (APR= 1.34; 95% CI: 1.05-1.71). \u0026nbsp;Knowledge of immunization programs: yes vs no (APR=1.32; 95% CI: 1.07-1.63). Appliances: radio vs television or none (APR=1.45; 95% CI: 1.05-1.99). \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 148.85pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e1.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003eChild age\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e2.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003eFamily size\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e3.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003eKnowledge of immunization programs\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e4.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003eAppliances\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:#FFFCF0;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003eHigh\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e5.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e6.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e7.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e8.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e9.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91.9pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eBbale, 2013 Uganda [19]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eUganda Demographic Health Survey (UDHS)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eCross-sectional\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003en= 7591\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.05pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003eMaternal educational status: primary education vs no education (increase probability of fully immunized child 8-14%; p\u0026lt; 0.05); secondary education vs no education (increase probability of child receiving three doses of DPT and oral polio vaccines: 6-7%; p\u0026lt; 0.05); primary education vs no education (increase probability of child receiving three doses of oral polio vaccines: 7-11%; p\u0026lt; 0.01).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003eWealth index: rich vs poor (increase probability of child being vaccinated against polio and measles by 7%; p\u0026lt; 0.05).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 148.85pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e1.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003eMaternal educational status\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e2.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003eWealth index\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003eModerate\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e3.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e4.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e5.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e6.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e7.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91.9pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eGunnala, 2016 Nigeria [57]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003ePre-tested, interviewer administered questionnaire\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eCross-sectional\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003en=7815\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.05pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003eCommon reported reason for non-vaccination: lack of maternal knowledge on vaccines and vaccination services (50%), poor maternal attitude towards immunization (16%), lack of access to routine immunization services (15%) and fear of side effects (9%).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 148.85pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e1.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003eLack of maternal knowledge on vaccines\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e2.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003ePoor maternal attitude towards immunization\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e3.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003eLack of access\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e4.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003eFear of side effects\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e5.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e6.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e7.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e8.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e9.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91.9pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eChris-Otubor 2016 Nigeria [58]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003esemi-structured questionnaire\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eCross-sectional\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003en=232\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.05pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003eMaternal education: primary or secondary vs none; marital status: married vs single or separated or divorced; religion: Islam vs Christian, geopolitical zone: \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; and the mother or the father of the child been immunized as children significantly influenced maternal knowledge on childhood immunization (p\u0026lt;0.05).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 148.85pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e1.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003eMaternal education\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e2.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003eMarital status\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e3.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003eReligion\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e4.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003eGeopolitical zone\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e5.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003eMother or father being immunized as children\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e6.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e7.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e8.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e9.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e10.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:107%;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:107%;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:107%;\"\u003eTable 2: Summary of systematic review of factors influencing childhood immunization uptake in Africa (Continued)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 1.6e+3pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none;\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91.9pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eTadesse, 2009 Ethiopia [59]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120.5pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003estructured questionnaire\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eCase-control\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003en=264\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.05pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003eCurrent postnatal care visit: yes vs no (AOR= 19.52; 95% CI: 1.68-226.29. Perceived health institution support: positive attitude vs negative attitude (AOR= 2.71; 95% CI 1.39-5.26). knowledge of immunization schedule: yes vs no (AOR= 3.01; 95% CI: 1.42-6.35). knowledge on OPV schedule: yes vs no (AOR= 6.52; 95% CI: 1.35-31.39). knowledge on measles: yes vs no (AOR= 34.72; 95% CI: 12.74-94.64). knowledge on benefit of vaccines: yes vs no (AOR= 6.36; 95% CI: 1.24-9.53). \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 148.85pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e1.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003ePostnatal care visit\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e2.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003ePerceived health institution support\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e3.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003eKnowledge on immunization schedule\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e4.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003eKnowledge on OPV schedule\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e5.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003eKnowledge on measles\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e6.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003eKnowledge on benefit of vaccines\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e7.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e8.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e9.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e10.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e11.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91.9pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eKio, 2016 Ogun state, Nigeria [60]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eStructured pre-tested questionnaire\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eCross-sectional\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003en=120\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.05pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003eReason for defaulting: 52% or respondents are lacking knowledge on child immunization schedule, 47.5% reported lack of awareness on immunization in their areas, 54.2 reported negative cultural belief on immunization in their areas, 43.8% believes immunization to has adverse effects, 54.2% reported communicable diseases has to do nothing with routine immunization and 51% reported their children to be available for immunization only if the schedule is convenient for them\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 148.85pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e1.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003eLack of maternal knowledge on child immunization schedule\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e2.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003eLack of awareness on immunization\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e3.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003eCultural beliefs\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e4.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003eAdverse effects\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e5.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003eLack of knowledge routine immunization\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e6.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003eConvenient time\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003eModerate\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e7.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e8.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e9.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e10.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e11.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:107%;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:107%;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:107%;\"\u003eTable 2: Summary of systematic review of factors influencing childhood immunization uptake in Africa (Continued)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 1.6e+3pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none;\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91.9pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eAwosan, 2018 Sokoto state, Nigeria [61]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120.5pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003estandardized, structured, interviewer- administered questionnaire\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eCross-sectional\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003en=220\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.05pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003e55.5 % of the respondents are having poor knowledge of the child that requires immunization and its benefits. 50.9% of the respondents are having poor knowledge on vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs). Knowledge on VPDs: good vs poor (85.2% vs 46.4% p\u0026lt;0.05 children fully immunized).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 148.85pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: decimal;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;background:white;'\u003eKnowledge on immunization\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;background:white;'\u003eKnowledge on VPDs\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91.9pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eEkure, 2013 Southwest, Nigeria [62]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003einterviewer-administered questionnaire\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eCross-sectional\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003en=36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.05pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003e\u0026gt;30 % of the respondents reported not to take their children back to complete RI if they develop any adverse effect and \u0026gt;40 % of the respondents reported not to allow their children to receive polio vaccine.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 148.85pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: decimal;margin-left:28.700000000000003px;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;background:white;'\u003eFear of adverse effects\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;background:white;'\u003ePoor attitude\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;margin-left:28.700000000000003px;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;margin-left:28.700000000000003px;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;margin-left:28.700000000000003px;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;margin-left:28.700000000000003px;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003col style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;margin-left:28.700000000000003px;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91.9pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eCanavan, 2014 Uganda [63]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eUganda demographic Health Survey (UDHS)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eCross-sectional\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003en=474\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.05pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003eMaternal educational status: secondary school or higher vs no formal education (AOR=3.39; 95% CI:1.20-9.51). Place of delivery: public hospital vs home (AOR=3.94; 95% CI: 2.12-7.33).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 148.85pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e1.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003eMaternal educational status\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e2.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003ePlace of delivery\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e3.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e4.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e5.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e6.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e7.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91.9pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 84.6pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eOmotora, 2012 Borno state, Nigeria [64]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 84.6pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003ePhenomenological method \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 84.6pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eQualitative\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 84.6pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003en=120\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.05pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 84.6pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003eThe main reasons for not fully supporting immunization program in some areas includes: inadequate adequate information about logistics and time of immunization programme, lack of adequate involvement of traditional and religious leaders and poor attitude of health workers. Mothers need incentives in order for them to take\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;their children for immunization in forms of soap and complimentary health care services.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 148.85pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 84.6pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e1.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003eInadequate adequate information about logistics and time of immunization programme\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e2.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;Lack of adequate involvement of traditional and religious leaders\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e3.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003ePoor attitude of health workers.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e4.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003eIncentives\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 84.6pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 84.6pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e5.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 84.6pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e6.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 84.6pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e7.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 84.6pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e8.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 84.6pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e9.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:107%;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:107%;color:white;\"\u003eTable 2: Summary of systematic review of factors influencing childhood immunization uptake in Africa (Continued)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 1.6e+3pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none;\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91.9pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003eTamirat, 2019 Ethiopia [66].\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120.5pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003eEthiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS, 2016).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003eCross-sectional\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003en= 1909\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.05pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003eMaternal employment status: employed vs unemployed (AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.62, 95% CI: 1.31, 2.0). Wealth index: rich vs poor (AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.44, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.94). Maternal education: Primary school vs no formal education (AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.38,95% CI: 1.07, 1.78). ANC follow-ups (AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.79, 95% CI:2.17 3.59). Place of delivery: hospital vs home (AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.76, 95% CI: 1.36, 2.24).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 148.85pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e1.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003eMaternal employment status\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e2.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003eWealth index\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e3.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003eMaternal education\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e4.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003eANC follow-ups\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e5.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003ePlace of delivery\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eHigh\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e10.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e11.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e12.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e13.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e14.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91.9pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003eKinfe, 2019 Ethiopia [67].\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003eEthiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS, 2016).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003eCross-sectional\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003en=1929\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.05pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003eMaternal education: Primary vs no formal education (AOR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.1, 2.28). Paternal employment status: Employed vs unemployed (AOR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.32, 3.35). ANC visit: yes vs no (AOR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.31, 2.86). Availability of child immunization record: yes vs no (AOR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.21, 2.16).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 148.85pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e1.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003eMaternal education\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e2.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003ePaternal employment status\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e3.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003eANC visit\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e4.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003eAvailability of child immunization record\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eHigh\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e15.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e16.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e17.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e18.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e19.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91.9pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003eGirman, 2019\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003eEthiopia [68].\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003epretested interviewer-administered questionnaire\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003eCross-sectional\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003en=620\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.05pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003eAntenatal care visit: yes vs no (AOR=2.75, 95%CI: 1.52-5.0). Maternal education: higher education vs no formal education (AOR=2.39, 95%CI: 1.06-5.36). Maternal knowledge on immunization: Good vs poor (AOR=3.70, 95%CI: 2.37-5.79). Distance to health facility: short vs long (AOR=2.65, 95%CI: 1.61-4.36). Place of delivery: hospital vs home (AOR=2.58, 95%CI: 1.66-3.99).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 148.85pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e1.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003eANC visit\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e2.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003eMaternal education\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e3.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003eMaternal knowledge on immunization\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e4.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003eDistance to health facility\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e5.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003ePlace of delivery\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eHigh\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e20.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e21.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e22.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e23.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e24.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91.9pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003eAkwataghibe, 2019 Nigeria [69].\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003eSemi-structured interviews and focused group discussion\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003emixed methods\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003en=215\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.05pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003eHealth service factors like absence of delivery services, shortage of health workers, unavailability of vaccines at scheduled times, and indirect costs of immunization contributed to low utilization.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 148.85pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e1.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003eAbsence of delivery services\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e2.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;Shortage of health workers\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e3.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;Unavailability of vaccines at scheduled times\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e4.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003eIndirect costs of immunization\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:.5in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eHigh\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e25.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e26.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e27.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e28.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e29.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91.9pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003eMekonnen, 2020\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003eEthiopia [70].\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003eInterviewer-administered questionnaire\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003eCross sectional study design\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003en= 821\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.05pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003eMaternal education: \u0026gt;secondary education vs no formal education (AOR = 2.391; 95% CI: 1.317\u0026ndash;4.343). Wealth index: riche vs poor (AOR = 2.381; 95% CI: 1.502\u0026ndash;3.773). ANC follow-up: yes vs no (AOR = 2.844; 95% CI: 1.310\u0026ndash;6.174).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 148.85pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e1.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003eMaternal education\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e2.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003eWealth index\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e3.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003eANC follow-up\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;line-height: normal;text-align:justify;'\u003eHigh\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e30.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e31.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e32.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e33.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cul style=\"margin-bottom:0in;list-style-type: undefined;\"\u003e\n \u003cli style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";font-size:12.0pt;color:black;'\u003e34.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:black;background:white;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:107%;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:107%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:107%;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:107%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:107%;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:107%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:107%;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:107%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:107%;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:107%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:107%;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:107%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:107%;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:107%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch1 style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003eTable 3: Operational Definitions Table\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"border-collapse:collapse;border:none;\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14.7147%; border-top: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-right: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 21.2pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003eNo.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23.7237%; border-top: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-right: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 21.2pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003eVariables\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 425.25pt;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 21.2pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003eDefinition\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14.7147%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23.7237%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003eSociodemographic of respondent\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 425.25pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003eThis refers to the sociodemographic of respondent\u0026rsquo;s which include: maternal age, marital status, no children, maternal educational status, paternal educational status, maternal occupation, religion, ethnicity, monthly income and place of resident.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14.7147%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style='line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23.7237%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003e1. Maternal age\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 425.25pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003eThis refers to the age of mother at the time of delivery which is been categorized into two different groups; below 20 or above 20 years of age \u003cspan style=\"color:black;background:white;\"\u003e(Negussie, Kassahun, Assegid \u0026amp; Hagan, 2015).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14.7147%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style='line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23.7237%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003e2. Marital status\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 425.25pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003eThis refers to the respondent\u0026rsquo;s official marital status which is been categorized into five different groups single, married, divorced or widowed (Anokye et al., 2018).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14.7147%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23.7237%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003e3. No of children\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 425.25pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003eThis refers to the numbers of children having per mother (Oliveira, Martinez \u0026amp; Rocha, 2014).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14.7147%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23.7237%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003e4.Maternal educational status\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 425.25pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003eThis refers to educational status of mother which could be no-formal education, primary school education, secondary school education or tertiary education (\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;color:black;background:white;\"\u003eKiptoo, Esilaba, Kobia \u0026amp; Ngure, 2015\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003e).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14.7147%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23.7237%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003e5.Paternal educational status\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 425.25pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003eThis refers to educational status of father which could be no-formal education, primary school education, secondary school education or tertiary education (Legesse \u0026amp; Dechasa, 2015).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14.7147%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style='line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23.7237%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003e6.Maternal occupation\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 425.25pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003eThis refers to occupational status of mothers and it is been classified into four categories; house wife, student, trader, civil servant or farmer (Legesse \u0026amp; Dechasa, 2015). \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14.7147%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23.7237%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003e7.Religion\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 425.25pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003eThe respondent\u0026rsquo;s religion status for this study is categorized into Muslim and non-Muslim. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14.7147%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23.7237%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003e8.Ethnicity\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 425.25pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003eThe respondent\u0026rsquo;s ethnicity for this study is categorized into Hausa and non-Hausa\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14.7147%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23.7237%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003e9.Monthly income\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 425.25pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003eThis refers to the amount of income a family earn in a month and in this study, it is categorized into less than 18000 or above 18000 naira (Nigerian currency).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14.7147%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;font-size:16px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23.7237%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003e10.Place of resident\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 425.25pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003eArea of residence was des9ribed as a place where people are living which could either be a rural or urban area \u003cstrong\u003e(\u003c/strong\u003eKiptoo, 2015).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14.7147%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23.7237%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003eObstetric history of respondent\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 425.25pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003eThis refers to the number of times attended ANC follow-up\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003e(Legesse \u0026amp; Dechasa, 2015)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003e, birth interval between last born and current pregnancy (Rahman \u0026amp; Obaida-Nasrin, 2010) and whether or not mothers receive any Tetanus toxoid vaccine\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;color:black;\"\u003e(Adedire et al., 2016). In this study, number of times attended ANC follow-up is categorized into either less than three times or more-than three times.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;color:black;\"\u003eB\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003eirth interval between last born and current pregnancy was classified into three categories: first pregnancy, less than 48 months or more than 48 months. For whether or not mothers receive any Tetanus toxoid vaccine, it was classified as either yes or no.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14.7147%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23.7237%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003eHealth care system of respondent\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 425.25pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: 0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003eThis refers to health care infrastructure or resourcing which includes: distance to health facility\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003e(Legesse \u0026amp; Dechasa, 2015)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003e, attitude of the hospital staff\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;color:black;\"\u003e(Chambongo, Nguku, Wasswa \u0026amp; Semali, 2016)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003e, accessibility of vaccine site\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003e(Animaw et al, 2014)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003eand mode of transportation to reach hospital\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003e(Odutola et al., 2015). In this study, distance to health facility is classified into either less than 30 minutes or more than 30 minutes, attitude of hospital staff could either be good or poor, hospital accessibility either yes or no and means of transportation to hospital either car/motorcycle or walking. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14.7147%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23.7237%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003eMaternal knowledge\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 425.25pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003eThis refers to the knowledge of mother\u0026rsquo;s regarding general knowledge on childhood immunization, knowledge on child immunization schedule, knowledge on vaccine side effects and management and knowledge on sign, symptoms and mode of transmission of VPDs.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14.7147%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23.7237%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003eMaternal attitudes \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 425.25pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003eThis refers to the attitudes of mother\u0026rsquo;s towards childhood immunization uptake.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14.7147%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23.7237%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003eMaternal outcome expectation\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003eMaternal self-efficacy\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003eEnvironmental factors\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 425.25pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003eThis refers to the outcome expectation of mother\u0026rsquo;s towards childhood immunization uptake (important of vaccinating a child and consequences that may arise for non-compliance).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003eThis refers to the self-efficacy of mother\u0026rsquo;s towards childhood immunization uptake.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003eThis refers to factors other than cognitive including cultural beliefs, religious beliefs and health care system.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14.7147%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23.7237%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003eCultural beliefs\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 425.25pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003eThis refers to the cultural beliefs of respondent\u0026rsquo;s towards childhood immunization uptake.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14.7147%; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-left: none; border-image: initial; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23.7237%; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-left: none; border-image: initial; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003eReligious beliefs\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 425.25pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003eThis refers to the beliefs on religious regulations of respondent\u0026rsquo;s towards childhood immunization uptake.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch1 style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003eTable 4: Eligibility criteria\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"border-collapse:collapse;border:none;\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 21.05pt;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 212.6pt;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003eInclusion criteria\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 217.15pt;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003eExclusion criteria\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 21.05pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e1.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 212.6pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003eQuantitative study designs\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 217.15pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003eArticles without any description of study design\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 21.05pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e2.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 212.6pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003eQualitative study designs\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 217.15pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003eIntervention studies\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 21.05pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e3.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 212.6pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003eStudies in Africa\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 217.15pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003eReview articles or systematic review\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 21.05pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 24.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e4.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 212.6pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 24.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003ePublished in English language\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 217.15pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 24.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: 200%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:200%;\"\u003eStudies without any of the EPI target\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 21.05pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e5.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 212.6pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003eCaregivers\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 217.15pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 21.05pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e6.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 212.6pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003eChildren less than five years of age\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 217.15pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 21.05pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e7.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 212.6pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003ePeer-reviewed full text publications\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 217.15pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch1 style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003eTable5: Abbreviation table\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"border-collapse:collapse;border:none;\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106.1pt;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;border-left: 1pt solid windowtext;border-image: initial;border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003eAbbreviations\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 311.85pt;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;border-image: initial;border-left: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003eFull meaning\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106.1pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-image: initial;border-left: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003eAOR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 311.85pt;border-top: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003eAdjusted Odd Ratio\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106.1pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-image: initial;border-left: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003eOR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 311.85pt;border-top: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003eOdd Ratio\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106.1pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-image: initial;border-left: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003eCI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 311.85pt;border-top: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003eConfidence Interval\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106.1pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-image: initial;border-left: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003eAPR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 311.85pt;border-top: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003eAdjusted Prevalence Rate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106.1pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-image: initial;border-left: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003eEDHS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 311.85pt;border-top: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003eEthiopia Demographic Health Surveillance\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106.1pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-image: initial;border-left: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003eNDHS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 311.85pt;border-top: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003eNigeria Demographic Health Surveillance\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106.1pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-image: initial;border-left: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003eFHDSS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 311.85pt;border-top: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003eFarafenni Health and Demographic Surveillance \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106.1pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-image: initial;border-left: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003eNUHDSS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 311.85pt;border-top: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003eNairobi Urban Health and Demographic Surveillance System\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106.1pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-image: initial;border-left: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003eTHDSS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 311.85pt;border-top: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003eTanzania Health and Demographic Surveillance System\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106.1pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-image: initial;border-left: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003eNHDSS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 311.85pt;border-top: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003eNouna Health and Demographic Surveillance System\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106.1pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-image: initial;border-left: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003eUDHSS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 311.85pt;border-top: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003eUganda Demographic Health Surveillance System \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106.1pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-image: initial;border-left: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003eTT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 311.85pt;border-top: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003eTetanus Toxoid\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106.1pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-image: initial;border-left: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003eANC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 311.85pt;border-top: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003eAntenatal Care\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106.1pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-image: initial;border-left: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003ePNC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 311.85pt;border-top: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003ePostnatal Care\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106.1pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-image: initial;border-left: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003eVPDs\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 311.85pt;border-top: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003eVaccine Preventable Diseases\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106.1pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-image: initial;border-left: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003eEPI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 311.85pt;border-top: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003eExpanded Program on Immunization\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106.1pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-image: initial;border-left: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003eNPI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 311.85pt;border-top: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003eNational Program on Immunization\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106.1pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-image: initial;border-left: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003eRI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 311.85pt;border-top: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003eRoutine Immunization\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106.1pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-image: initial;border-left: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003eHEWs\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 311.85pt;border-top: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003eHealth Extension Workers\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106.1pt;border-top: none;border-left: 1pt solid windowtext;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003eOPV\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 311.85pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height: normal;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003eOral Polio Vaccine\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height:107%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-public-health","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"pubh","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Public Health](http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/pubh/default.aspx","title":"BMC Public Health","twitterHandle":"@BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"childhood immunization, uptake, Africa ","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-39516/v2","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-39516/v2","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground: \u003c/strong\u003eVaccine preventable diseases are still the most common cause of childhood mortality, with an estimated 3 million deaths every year, mainly in Africa and Asia. \u0026nbsp;An estimate of 29% deaths among children aged 1–59 months resulted from vaccine preventable diseases. Despite the benefits of childhood immunisation uptake, routine vaccination coverage for all recommended Expand Program on Immunisation vaccines has remained poor in some African countries, such as Nigeria (31%), Ethiopia (43%), Uganda (55%) and Ghana (57%). The aim of this study is to collate evidence on the factors that influence childhood immunisation uptake in Africa as well as to provide evidence for future researchers in developing, implementing and evaluating intervention among African populations which will improve childhood immunisation uptake.\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods: \u003c/strong\u003eWe conducted a systematic review of articles on the factors influencing under-five childhood immunisation uptake in Africa. This was achieved by using various keywords, searching multiple databases (Medline, PubMed, CINAHL and Psychology and behavioural data collection) dated back from inception to 2020. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eOut of 18,708 recorded citations retrieved, 324 abstracts were screened leading to 51 included studies. The factors that were found to influence childhood immunisation uptake were classified into modifiable and non-modifiable factors and were further classified into different groups based on relevance. The modifiable factors include obstetric factors, maternal knowledge, maternal attitude, self-efficacy and maternal outcome expectation. Whereas non-modifiable factors were sociodemographic factors of parent and child, logistic factors and administration factors. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion: \u003c/strong\u003eDifferent factors were found to influence under-five childhood immunisation uptake among parents in Africa. Immunisation health education intervention among pregnant women focusing on the significant findings from this systematic review would hopefully improve childhood immunisation uptake in African countries with poor coverage rates.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Factors Influencing Childhood Immunization Uptake in Africa: A Systematic Review.","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":2,"date":"2021-01-13 12:11:58","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-39516/v2","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Major revision","date":"2021-02-02T00:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2021-01-12T00:00:00+00:00","index":2,"fulltext":"Recommendation: Accept without revision\nForm responses:\n---\n\nComments to Author:\n---\nThe authors have addressed the earlier comments satisfactorily. I have no new comments.* Publons Reviewer Recognition. Springer Nature can send verification of this review directly to Publons (a subsidiary of Clarivate Analytics). If you would like to take advantage of this service, please click on the “Yes” option below. Your name, email address, title of the reviewed manuscript, name of the journal, and date of your review submission (the “Review Data”) will then be transmitted to Publons upon publication of the manuscript. If you have already registered at Publons, they will notify you of the receipt of this review and update your profile as per your settings and their policy. If you are not registered with Publons, you will receive an email from them asking you to register in order for them to be able to recognize your review on your new profile page. Publons may use the Review Data to generate derivative metadata for the benefit of Publons and you as a reviewer, carefully considering the sensitivity of such information. For example, Publons may verify your record as a reviewer by updating your profile published on its webservice if you have registered for such service or help editors to identify candidate reviewers. Please find the details of processing in Publons’ privacy policy https://publons.com/about/terms: **Yes**\n* Declaration of competing interests: **Not applicable**\n* Reviewer Publication Consent. I agree for my report to be made available under an Open Access Creative Commons CC-BY License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) if this manuscript is accepted for publication. Any comments that I do not wish to be included in the published report have been included as confidential comments to the editor, which will not be published.: **I agree to the terms of the CC-BY 4.0 license; please publish my name with my report.**\n* Is the study design appropriate to answer the research question (including the use of appropriate controls), and are the conclusions supported by the evidence presented?: **Yes**\n* Are the methods sufficiently described to allow the study to be repeated?: **Yes**\n* Is the use of statistics and treatment of uncertainties appropriate?: **Yes**\n* Is the presentation of the work clear?: **Yes**\n* Are the images in this manuscript (including electrophoretic gels and blots) free from apparent manipulation?: **Yes**\n"},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2021-01-12T00:00:00+00:00","index":1,"fulltext":"Recommendation: Major revisions required\nForm responses:\n---\n\nComments to Author:\n---\nGeneral comments\n- The abstract and manuscript have grammatical errors and need revision for clarity. \n\nAbstract\n- Mention title screening\n- Are there more compelling results that could be shared here beyond the factors identified by the review?\n\nBackground\n- Provide dates for immunization coverage data presented. \n\nResults\n- I don't understand how the CIs of the aORs are being presented. It seems the aORs are a range of measures from different studies, but what do the CIs refer to? Could you clarify?\n- Perhaps in addition to listing the number of studies where a factor was found to be significantly associated could you provide a more in-depth analysis of the results from studies for each factor? E.g., how many studies included the factor, of these how many were statistically significant drivers, and generally what was the magnitude of the associations? \n- Where is Table 1?\n\nDiscussion\n- A lot of information about the results of the included studies is in the discussion. I think this information would be better presented in the results. The discussion then could be reserved for general conclusions and summary.\n- If SCT is central to this study I would introduce it in the introduction (and maybe methods) rather than at the end of the discussion.\nincluded in a text format.* Publons Reviewer Recognition. Springer Nature can send verification of this review directly to Publons (a subsidiary of Clarivate Analytics). If you would like to take advantage of this service, please click on the “Yes” option below. Your name, email address, title of the reviewed manuscript, name of the journal, and date of your review submission (the “Review Data”) will then be transmitted to Publons upon publication of the manuscript. If you have already registered at Publons, they will notify you of the receipt of this review and update your profile as per your settings and their policy. If you are not registered with Publons, you will receive an email from them asking you to register in order for them to be able to recognize your review on your new profile page. Publons may use the Review Data to generate derivative metadata for the benefit of Publons and you as a reviewer, carefully considering the sensitivity of such information. For example, Publons may verify your record as a reviewer by updating your profile published on its webservice if you have registered for such service or help editors to identify candidate reviewers. Please find the details of processing in Publons’ privacy policy https://publons.com/about/terms: **No**\n* Declaration of competing interests: **I declare that I have no competing interests**\n* Reviewer Publication Consent. I agree for my report to be made available under an Open Access Creative Commons CC-BY License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) if this manuscript is accepted for publication. Any comments that I do not wish to be included in the published report have been included as confidential comments to the editor, which will not be published.: **I agree to the terms of the CC-BY 4.0 license; please do not publish my name with my report. (default)**\n* Is the study design appropriate to answer the research question (including the use of appropriate controls), and are the conclusions supported by the evidence presented?: **Yes**\n* Are the methods sufficiently described to allow the study to be repeated?: **Yes**\n* Is the use of statistics and treatment of uncertainties appropriate?: **No**\n* Is the presentation of the work clear?: **No**\n* Are the images in this manuscript (including electrophoretic gels and blots) free from apparent manipulation?: **Yes**\n"},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2021-01-11T00:00:00+00:00","index":2,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2021-01-09T00:00:00+00:00","index":1,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2021-01-06T00:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2020-12-30T00:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2020-12-29T23:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2020-12-29T23:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-public-health","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"pubh","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Public Health](http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/pubh/default.aspx","title":"BMC Public Health","twitterHandle":"@BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}},{"code":1,"date":"2020-07-06 15:41:15","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-39516/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2020-10-21T12:00:00+00:00","index":2,"fulltext":"Recommendation: Major revisions required\nForm responses:\n---\n\nComments to Author:\n---\nComments on paper\nThis paper presents the findings from a systematic review of literature on influential factors of immunization uptake in Africa. The study theme is important given the public health significance of immunization uptake to vaccine preventable diseases.\nThe paper is easy to read and the depth is good. However, the following suggestions and comments are highlighted for the attention of the authors to improve this paper.\n\n* Abstract\n* The authors are encouraged to correct all typographical, grammatical (e.g., tenses and wrong use of plural verbs), and other errors in the entire text.\no For example, Page 1, line 17: should be \"………with an estimated 3 million deaths every year ……\". This should be corrected on page 2 line 30. The sentence is fine without approximately because an estimate connotes an approximate measure. Otherwise, there would be tautology if \"approximately\" is included.\no Page 1, line 22 \"…… a result of vaccine preventable diseases\" seems incomplete without the word \"diseases\"\n* Page 1, line 27 -This line suggests that some African countries have acceptable uptake rates of EPI. It would be more informative to contrast with such countries and specify the recommended coverage rates or target for SDG here.\n* Page 2 lines 1-2: It is not clear why logistic and administrative factors are non-modifiable? Some clarification would be necessary here.\n\nIntroduction:\n* There is need for brief information on the study context to establish the study objectives and hypotheses.\n* Typographical error should be addressed. For example, on page 2 line 17, the word \"development\" should be replaced with \"developmental\".\n* Page 2 line 29, the use of the word \"misunderstand\" is not entirely clear in this context.\n* The literature cited below is interesting and the findings may help to set the background for this study appropriately.\nBurstein R, et al., Mapping 123 million neonatal, infant and child deaths between 2000 and 2017. Nature. 2019 Oct;574(7778):353-358. doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1545-0. Epub 2019 Oct 16. PMID: 31619795; PMCID: PMC6800389.\n\n\n\nMethod\n* Page 4 lines 20: Additional reference for the pre-specified protocol is need. For instance, the registration number in PROSPERO can be included if this was done. \n* The authors are encouraged to\n* Page 6 and 7 Considering that the limited space, the subsection on methodological quality is expansive. This should be revised and appropriate citation provided for the JBI screening guideline. A tabular summary of the factors and findings on the study quality can be presented in a table as a supplementary document.\n* A brief comment/description of the rationale and/or benefits of categorizing factors influencing uptake of immunization into modifiable and non-modifiable should be included in the methods.\n\nResults\n* Page 8, line 18-19: It is not yet clear how the number of literature or research studies in a country is a direct consequence of poor immunization uptake.\n* The authors can specify the approximate position for each figure and table in the main text.\n* The presentation of the results needs improvement. Table 1.\n* There should a brief session on study quality\n* It is surprising that in-text citation is haphazard in the subsections on study results. For example, no citation for the entire text on study location etc.\n* A brief section in the text should describe findings from the study quality assessment conducted.\n\n* Discussion/Conclusion\n* This discussion would be interesting if it delves into socio-cultural and certain ethno-religious formulations for poor immunization uptake. For instance, myths that immunization are birth control tools popularize to sterilize male children. \n* The authors are encouraged to include few paragraphs on study limitations and main findings from the quality assessment conducted.\nImplications\n* This section should be comprehensive and address the implications of the study findings on policy, implementation of immunization programs, advocacy, public education, training, services and research. \nReferences\n* The authors are encouraged to ensure that the reference list is consistent with the journal style. \nTables\n* The authors are encouraged to provide table legend to define all the abbreviations in table 1.\n* Table one should be fitted into a single page.\n* The metric for Age (years) should be specified in the table.\n \n\n\n* Publons Reviewer Recognition. Springer Nature can send verification of this review directly to Publons (a subsidiary of Clarivate Analytics). If you would like to take advantage of this service, please click on the “Yes” option below. Your name, email address, title of the reviewed manuscript, name of the journal, and date of your review submission (the “Review Data”) will then be transmitted to Publons upon publication of the manuscript. If you have already registered at Publons, they will notify you of the receipt of this review and update your profile as per your settings and their policy. If you are not registered with Publons, you will receive an email from them asking you to register in order for them to be able to recognize your review on your new profile page. Publons may use the Review Data to generate derivative metadata for the benefit of Publons and you as a reviewer, carefully considering the sensitivity of such information. For example, Publons may verify your record as a reviewer by updating your profile published on its webservice if you have registered for such service or help editors to identify candidate reviewers. Please find the details of processing in Publons’ privacy policy https://publons.com/about/terms: **Yes**\n* Declaration of competing interests: **I declare that I have no competing interests.**\n* Reviewer Publication Consent. I agree for my report to be made available under an Open Access Creative Commons CC-BY License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) if this manuscript is accepted for publication. Any comments that I do not wish to be included in the published report have been included as confidential comments to the editor, which will not be published.: **I agree to the terms of the CC-BY 4.0 license; please do not publish my name with my report. (default)**\n* Is the study design appropriate to answer the research question (including the use of appropriate controls), and are the conclusions supported by the evidence presented?: **Yes**\n* Are the methods sufficiently described to allow the study to be repeated?: **Yes**\n* Is the use of statistics and treatment of uncertainties appropriate?: **Yes**\n* Is the presentation of the work clear?: **Yes**\n* Are the images in this manuscript (including electrophoretic gels and blots) free from apparent manipulation?: **Yes**\n"},{"type":"decision","content":"Major revision","date":"2020-10-21T12:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2020-08-10T12:00:00+00:00","index":1,"fulltext":"Recommendation: Major revisions required\nForm responses:\n---\n\nComments to Author:\n---\nGeneral comments\n- Thank you for your hard work on this very important topic. Please find my comments on the manuscript below.\n- The review is focused on Africa, yet there are multiple instances (e.g., in the abstract, background) where Nigeria is discussed alone and in detail. Authors should give a reason for this or discuss and provide examples related to the continent, regions, or at least several different countries.\n- Manuscript needs an edit for clarity and grammar. \n\nBackground\n- Provide dates for mortality and immunization coverage data presented. \n- It is unclear why adult TB and HIV are discussed when vaccinations for these diseases are not yet available. Instead consider presenting burden of pneumococcus, rotavirus, and other VPDs. \n- Some citations missing (WHO 2-3 million deaths averted by vaccination statistic).\n- Consider presenting immunization data from a single source for a more consistent comparison if possible (e.g., the WHO/UNICEF joint reporting process estimates). \n- Consider discussing PCV and RVV.\n- Improve/expand on the description of types of factors that influence immunization coverage that previous studies have identified. \n\nMethods\n- Provide the earliest dates searched at least overall or for each of the databases.\n- Provide the search terms used in a supplemental file.\n- Excluding articles in languages other than English might be a problem for the thoroughness/representativeness of a systematic review on this topic for Africa. Including at least French and possibly Portuguese articles would be important. The review scope could alternatively be narrowed to Anglophone countries. At the very least, the reader should provide some estimate of the number of articles in languages other than English that were excluded.\n- The types of studies included in this review needs to be more clearly and thoroughly described. Were RCTs or cohort studies included? What types of qualitative studies?\n- The process of data synthesis should be described further. Was this approach based upon a particular methodology or theoretical framework? What was the structure of the logic framework and how was it developed? \n- A more complete description of the types of factors (and some examples) the review is searching for should be provided. Predictors of immunization coverage and reasons for non-compliance (do you mean vaccine hesitancy or refusal?) could potentially be considered two different categories.\n- Was the PRISMA checklist used?\n- Consider making the list of methodological criteria a table in the text or supplement, and summarize the criteria and how they were used in the methods text more succinctly.\n- Consider updating the review to 2020.\n\nResults\n- The description of how different factors were categorized (fourth paragraph) belongs in the methods section.\n- It is unclear how the authors applied the categorization of factors both by \"modifiable\" and \"non-modifiable\" and by groups such as socioeconomic, obstetric history, and maternal knowledge. Some factors are also presented by quantitative/qualitative study design. This needs to be more clearly described in the methods section. Also, justification for which factors are modifiable or non-modifiable needs to be given. For example, how is environmental factors defined and why/how are they modifiable? Why would satisfaction of vaccination services and/or quality of care not be modifiable?\n- Data should be presented on the magnitude and importance of the reported associations (i.e., beyond just reporting the number of studies that identified these factors).\n- Are supply-side factors considered at all?\n- Table 1 has a lot of data. Is there any way to split this into two tables to present these data more clearly?\n\nDiscussion/Conclusion\n- Beyond presenting additional results, the discussion should consider the reasons and importance behind the findings. E.g., why was young maternal age a risk factor for low coverage? Why might married women be more likely to have improved vaccine knowledge and their children higher likelihood of full immunization?\n- There was no evidence of lower coverage in low socioeconomic urban areas?\n- Some previous studies have shown that likelihood of immunization decreases with increasing birth order. Why do you think this study in Angola found results to the contrary?\n- What did studies define as \"good maternal knowledge of immunization?\"\n- How is the maternal outcome expectations category different from the maternal knowledge or maternal attitude or self-efficacy category?\n- Religious beliefs are covered in two different sections.\n- Are there other reviews on this topic? If so, the findings of these should be discussed here.\n- The authors have not made a strong case at the end of the discussion or in the conclusion for why the results of their study directly support a recommendation for a social cognitive theory intervention.* Publons Reviewer Recognition. Springer Nature can send verification of this review directly to Publons (a subsidiary of Clarivate Analytics). If you would like to take advantage of this service, please click on the “Yes” option below. Your name, email address, title of the reviewed manuscript, name of the journal, and date of your review submission (the “Review Data”) will then be transmitted to Publons upon publication of the manuscript. If you have already registered at Publons, they will notify you of the receipt of this review and update your profile as per your settings and their policy. If you are not registered with Publons, you will receive an email from them asking you to register in order for them to be able to recognize your review on your new profile page. Publons may use the Review Data to generate derivative metadata for the benefit of Publons and you as a reviewer, carefully considering the sensitivity of such information. 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