Validation and psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the questionnaire for assessing the childbirth experience (QACE)

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Method: The cross-cultural adaptation process followed Beaton (2000) intercultural debugging guidelines. A total of 235 women were included to test the psychometric properties of the C-QACE. Participants were asked to complete the demographic characteristics form, the C-QACE, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). The psychometric testing of the C-QACE were evaluate through item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, divergent validity and internal consistency reliability. Results: Item analysis showed that the critical ratios of all items were greater than 3 , and all item-total correlation coefficients were greater than 0.4. The finding of the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed the presence of four components with eigenvalues greater than 1, explaining a total variance of 67.682%. And the scree plot showed it was acceptable to retain four factors (emotional status, relationship with staff, first moments with the new born, and feelings at one month postpartum). In terms of the divergent validity, the QACE subscale and total score were in a significant positive correlations with the EPDS and GAD-7. Regarding the internal consistency reliability, the Cronbach’s alpha of the QACE total score was 0.812, and the subscales was ranging of 0.611 to 0.844. Conclusion: The Chinese version of QACE is a relevant tool for measuring childbirth experience into the Chinese context with acceptable validity and stability. Reliability validity psychometric properties childbirth experience questionnaire for assessing the childbirth experience QACE Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Background Childbirth is considered an unique and trans-formative moments for every woman [ 1 ]. It involves the process of bringing a new life into the world, which can be both physically and emotionally challenging [ 2 ]. The childbirth experience is a complex and multidimensional construct [ 3 ], which refers to ‘a personal life event comprised of interrelated subjective psychological and physiological processes, affected of social, environmental, organizational and policy contexts’[ 4 , 5 ]. The World Health Organization (WHO) Labour Care Guideline recommended that addressing inequalities that affect health outcomes, especially sexual and reproductive health and rights and gender, is fundamental to ensuring all women have access to respectful and high-quality maternity care on intrapartum care for positive childbirth experience [ 6 , 7 ]. Therefore, it’s essential to provide good-quality, evidence-based, respectful care during labour and childbirth, irrespective of the setting or level of health care for healthcare providers [ 8 ]. Childbirth experience is important because having a negative experience is linked to poorer mental health among postpartum women, which includes developing postpartum depression, anxiety, and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and the fear of next childbirth [ 9 – 11 ]. Furthermore, there is compelling evidence that indicates that improving birth satisfaction enhances women’s trust in facility-based care, which includes access to quality postnatal care [ 12 – 14 ]. As such, it is imperative to develop a short, valid, reliable, and theoretically supported measure to evaluate levels of childbirth experience and formulate effective strategies to improve intranatal care [ 15 ]. Several tools have been designed to measure women’s childbirth experience, among these existing scales [ 15 ], the questionnaire for assessing the childbirth experience (QACE) was designed from an extensive psychometric assessment, which resulted in production of a 13-item short-form version incorporated four sub-scales (1) emotional status, (2) relationship with staff, (3) first moments with the new born, and (4) feelings at one month postpartum [ 16 ]. Since the founder English -QACE was validated by [ 16 ], translations and validations have been carried out in French [ 17 ], Iran [ 18 ] and Spain [ 19 ], and good psychometric properties of QACE was confirmed. In China, several researchers have used the revised Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ 2.0) and the Wijma Delivery Expectancy Questionnaire (WDEQ) to assess the childbirth experience [ 20 – 22 ]. However, the 13-item-QACE has more brevity, given that it is a quick and easy instrument for women to complete, compared to the 25-item-CEQ 2.0, the 33-item-WDED. Given that lack of a short assessment tool to examine childbirth satisfaction within a Chinese population, resulted in interest to translate and validate a Chinese version of the QACE. To this end, our aim was to translate and determine the key psychometric properties of a Chinese version of the QACE, to yield a short and easy to administer instrument for use within Chinese populations of postnatal women. Validation of a Chinese -QACE will provide an instrument which can be used to measure effectiveness of interventions designed to improve women’s experiences of childbirth, with the ultimate goal of improving standards of intranatal care provided in China. Materials and method Research design This is a cross-sectional study. This research was divided into two phases (Fig. 1 ). In phase 1, the QACE was translated to Chinese using the guideline. In phase 2, the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the QACE were tested through a cross-sectional survey. Translation processes The permission for the translation of QACE was obtained from Dr. Guittier via email.. The translation process followed forward translation, back translation, scrutiny by an expert committee and preliminary pilot testing [ 23 ]. The Chinese-Questionnaire for Assessing the Childbirth Experience sees Table 1 . Forward translation The QACE was independently translated into Chinese by a midwife and a doctor, both of whom were proficient in both English and native Chinese. A panel of five nursing professors and five obstetricians reviewed the forward-translated versions to determine the most accurate translation. Following the resolution of ambiguities and disagreements, a preliminary initial translation version titled “Version 1.0 forward translation Chinese-QACE” was created. Backward translation This team consisted of one English teacher and one doctor of nursing, neither of whom had been exposed to the original QACE. The two researchers translated Version 1.0 into English and named it “Version 2.0 backward translation Chinese-QACE,” which was then compared to the original QACE. Scrutiny by an expert committee Ten experts were invited to evaluate the cultural adaptation of the Version 2.0 Chinese-QACE, which served as the foundation for the Version 3.0 pre-final Chinese-QACE. Preliminary pilot testing Convenience sampling was used to select (n = 30) women to participate in a preliminary survey that resulted in the final Chinese-QACE. These pilot participants were asked if they had an unclear understanding of the content, and none declared that they did. Table 1 The Chinese-Questionnaire for Assessing the Childbirth Experience Dimension Items English Version Chinese Version Generally, … 总体来说, …… Emotional status 情绪状态 Item 1 I felt worried 我感到担心 Item 2 I felt secure 我感到安全 Item 3 I felt confident 我感到自信 Relationship with staff 与医务人员的关系 Item 4 The staff understood and fulfilled my wishes in a satisfactory manner 医务人员理解并满足了我的愿望 Item 5 I felt emotionally supported by the staff who took care of me 照顾我的医务人员给了我情感支持 Item 6 The staff kept me informed of what was happening 医务人员告知我生产过程中的情况 Item 7 I felt I could express myself and give my opinion about decisions about me 我可以向医务人员表达自己的想法, 并且在 医疗决策中提出自己的看法 Immediately after childbirth… 产后立即, …… First moments with the new born 与新生儿 的第一个时刻 Item 8 I was able to see my baby for the first time in a satisfactory manner 产后我首次见到孩子时, 感到很满意 Item 9 I held my baby for the first time when I felt like it 产后首次抱孩子时感到很喜欢他/她 Item 10 The first moments with my baby corresponded with what I had imagined prior to giving birth 产后初次与孩子在一起时的感觉, 与产前所想象的一样 Currently… 现在 Feelings at one month postpartum 产后一个月的感觉 Item 11 I am proud of myself 我感到自豪 Item 12 I feel regret 我感到遗憾 Item 13 I have a feeling of failure 我有一种失败的感觉 [Insert Fig. 1 here] [Insert Table 1 here] Participants The sample size was calculated according to the criteria required for factorial analysis, with ten to twenty subjects per item [ 24 ]. Given the QACE includes 13 items, a sample size of 130 to 260 participants was considered adequate [ 16 ]. Participants were recruited from the postpartum clinics of two tertiary hospitals in Sichuan province between May 2023 and August 2023, in China. Inclusion criteria comprised of: (a) being aged 18–50 years, and (b) could read and write in Chinese. Exclusion criteria consisted of: (a) being less than 18 or more than 50 years of age, (b) Induction of labor/stillbirth and (c) provided insufficient data. A total of 240 women agreed to participate in the study, but 5 participants were excluded because their data was insufficient or unreliable. A sample of 235 women were therefore included in the data analysis. analysis. Instruments Demographic characteristics form Basic demographics included age (year), postpartum period (day), education level, marital status, number of pregnancies, parity, pregnancy mode, history of caesarean section, type of delivery, feeding pattern, pregnancy complication, neonatal complications, and maternity wards. The questionnaire for assessing the childbirth experience (QACE) The QACE comprises 13 items and is divided into four subscales [emotional status (three items), relationship with staff (four items), first moments with the new born (three items), and feelings at one month postpartum (three items)] [ 16 ]. The score range for each of the dimensions is 1–4, where higher scores indicate worse experiences. This scale was coded the answer format of the 4-point Likert scale, as follows: 1 (totally), 2 (in part), 3 (not so much), and 4 (not at all) for items 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 [ 25 ]. The ratings of negatively worded statements were reverse-scored (items 1, 12, 13) so that the higher scores more reflected a negative childbirth experience. Scores for each of the four dimensions are computed as the mean of the ratings of the included items. A total score may not be calculated [ 1 ]. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) The EPDS is a self-report questionnaire evaluating the symptoms of perinatal depression, it consists of 10 items, with each item rated from 0 to 3 and has three items that are reverse-coded [ 26 ]. Total scores range from 0 to 30, whereby high scores indicate a greater severity in depressive symptoms. In the Chinese validation study, the EPDS was reported to have acceptable internal consistency (α = 0.78), with cut-off points that aid in the identification of postnatal depression among women [ 27 ]. In the current study, the Cronbach’s alpha of the EPDS was 0.844, suggesting the internal consistency of the EPDS was adequate. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) The GAD-7 is a seven-item self-report scale for measuring anxiety disorder [ 28 ]. Item scores range from 0 (none) to 3 (almost every day) for each item, with total scores ranging from 0 to 21 [ 29 ]. Total scores can be categorized as, normal (0–4), mild (5–9), moderate (10–14), or severe (15–21) [ 28 ]. In the Chinese validation study, the GAD-7 was found to have a very good internal reliability (α = 0.88) [ 30 ]. In this study, the Cronbach’s alpha of the GAD-7 was 0.899. Data analysis All data analysis were carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 29.0. All statistical tests were two-tailed and a p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. To describe the demographic characteristics of participant, the frequency (percentage) were used for categorical variables and the mean (standard deviation) was used for continuous variables. Item analysis Critical ratio and correlation coefficient methods were used based on item analysis [ 31 ]. Firstly, the item scores of QACE were summed up and then arranged in ascending order from high to low. The bottom 27% of the score was divided into the low score group (69 cases) and the top 27% identified the high score group (78 cases), and the independent sample t-test was used to compare the two groups. Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated between the item and total score. In general, an item that the absolute value of the critical ratio (CR) less than 3 or item -total correlation coefficient less than 0.4 should be deleted [ 32 ]. Exploratory factor analysis Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to evaluate construct validity. When the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test value was greater than 0.6 and the Bartlett spherical test statistic was significant (P < 0.001), this indicated that the data was suitable for factor analysis. The principal component analysis and maximum variance orthogonal rotation method were used to extract common factors. The factor load on corresponding factors of items should be > 0.4, and the interpretation rate of cumulative total variance should be greater than 40% [ 33 ]. Divergent validity Divergent validity was assessed using Pearson’s correlation coefficients between the QACE total score and sub-scales, and EPDS and GAD-7. The higher scores of QACE reflected a more negative childbirth experience. The theoretical assumption of this study is that the QACE total and sub-scale scores were significantly positive related to the total and sub-scale scores of EPDS and GAD-7 [ 34 , 35 ]. Internal consistency The internal consistency reliability of the QACE was assessed based on Cronbach’s alpha coefficients and Spearman-Brown coefficient for the entire scale and each sub-scale, and threshold values above 0.60 were considered as accepted reliability .[ 35 , 36 ] Results Demographic characteristics and responses of participants for QACE The mean age of the women was 31.30 years (SD = 3.38). The majority of women (71.5%) had a senior high school diploma. A summary of the demographic data is shown in Table 2 . And the responses of participants for the QACE see Table 3 . Table 2 Demographic characteristics of participants (n = 235) Variables n (%)or Mean(SD) Age (Year) 31.30 ± 3.38 Postpartum period (Day) 47.06 ± 12.24 Education level Junior high school and below 22 (8.9) Senior high school 168(71.5) University and above 46(19.6) Marital status Marriage 233(99.2) Unmarried/Divorced 2(0.8) Number of pregnancies 1 138(58.7) 2 55(23.4) ≥ 3 42(17.9) Parity Primipara 189(80.4) Multipara 46(19.6) Pregnancy mode Wanted pregnancy 165(70.2) Unwanted pregnancy 30(12.8) IVF 40(17.0) History of caesarean section No 204(86.8) Yes 31(13.2) Type of delivery Vaginal delivery 104(44.3) Cesarean delivery 131(55.7) Feeding pattern Breast feeding 123(52.3) Mixed feeding 99(42.2) Artificial feeding 13(5.5) Pregnancy complication No 94(40.0) Yes 138(58.7) Deficiency 3(1.3) Neonatal complications No 153(65.1) Yes 80(34.0) Deficiency 2(0.9) Maternity wards Ordinary 166(70.6) LDR 69(29.4) Note: LDR, Single room for Labor, Delivery, Recovery; IVF, In vitro fertilization. Table 3 Responses of participants for the Questionnaire for Assessing the Childbirth Experience(n = 235) Item content Responses [N (%)] Totally In part Not so much Not at all 1. I felt worried 24(10.2) 90(38.3) 88(37.4) 33(14.1) 2. I felt secure 126(53.6) 85(36.2) 19(8.1) 5(2.1) 3. I felt confident 81(34.5) 102(43.4) 44(18.7) 8(3.4) 4. The staff understood and fulfilled my wishes in a satisfactory manner 153(65.1) 73(31.1) 8(3.4) 1(0.4) 5. I felt emotionally supported by the staff who took care of me 161(68.5) 61(25.9) 11(4.7) 2(0.9) 6. The staff kept me informed of what was happening 169(71.9) 49(20.8) 14(6.0) 3(1.2) 7. I felt I could express myself and give my opinion about decisions about me 154(65.5) 58(24.7) 19(8.1) 4(1.7) 8. I was able to see my baby for the first time in a satisfactory manner 194(82.5) 30(12.8) 8(3.4) 3(1.3) 9. I held my baby for the first time when I felt like it 187(79.6) 37(15.7) 9(3.8) 2(0.9) 10. The first moments with my baby corresponded with what I had imagined prior to giving birth 148(63.0) 63(26.8) 19(8.1) 5(2.1) 11. I am proud of myself 147(62.6) 60(25.5) 21(8.9) 7(3.0) 12. I feel regret 8(3.4) 21(8.9) 54(23.0) 152(64.7) 13. I have a feeling of failure 3(1.3) 17(7.2) 29(12.4) 186(79.1) [Insert Table 2 here] [Insert Table 3 here] Item analysis Critical ratios of all items were greater than 3 (ranging from 5.521 to 12.579) and significant (P < 0.01) between the low score group and high score group (see Table 4 ). All item-total correlation coefficients were greater than 0.4 (ranging from 0.442 to 0.651) and significant (P < 0.01) (see Table 4 ). Table 4 Item analysis of Chinese-QACE Items/ Subscales Mean ± SD Critical Ratio Item/Subscale total Correlation Low Score Group High Score Group ( n = 69) ( n = 78) Item 1 1.83 ± 0.727 2.85 ± 0.757 -8.306** 0.454** Item 2 1.04 ± 0.205 2.1 ± 0.749 -11.991** 0.577** Item 3 1.25 ± 0.467 2.49 ± 0.716 -12.578** 0.651** Item 4 1.01 ± 0.120 1.82 ± 0.659 -10.597** 0.582** Item 5 1.01 ± 0.120 1.86 ± 0.751 -9.788** 0.621** Item 6 1.03 ± 0.169 1.86 ± 0.817 -8.759** 0.577** Item 7 1.03 ± 0.169 1.95 ± 0.866 -9.180** 0.547** Item 8 1.01 ± 0.120 1.58 ± 0.83 -5.915** 0.570** Item 9 1.04 ± 0.268 1.56 ± 0.783 -5.521** 0.539** Item 10 1.07 ± 0.312 1.87 ± 0.843 -7.791** 0.554** Item 11 1.09 ± 0.332 2.01 ± 0.933 -8.200** 0.606** Item 12 1.12 ± 0.365 2.01 ± 0.947 -7.742** 0.473** Item 13 1.03 ± 0.169 1.65 ± 0.895 -6.047** 0.442** Emotional status 4.12 ± 1.008 7.44 ± 1.438 -16.351** 0.723** Relationship with staff 4.09 ± 0.284 7.49 ± 2.232 -13.335** 0.717** First moments with the new born 3.13 ± 0.451 5.01 ± 2.189 -7.419** 0.636** Feelings at one month postpartum 3.23 ± 0.573 5.68 ± 1.937 -10.645** 0.663** Total QACE 14.57 ± 1.144 25.62 ± 3.630 -25.494** — Note: QACE, Questionnaire for Assessing the Childbirth Experience; SD, Standard Deviation; ** P < 0.01. [Insert Table 4 here] Exploratory factor analysis The KMO value was 0.785, and the Bartlett spherical test statistic was 1093.304 (P < 0.001), revealing the data was suitable for factor analysis. The Principal Component Analysis revealed the presence of four components with eigenvalues greater than 1, explaining a total variance of 67.682% (see Table 5 ). To view items whose loading value was greater than 0.4 on the corresponding common factor (see Table 5 ). The scree plot showed it was acceptable to retain four factors (see Fig. 2 ). Table 5 Exploratory factor analysis of QACE (n = 235) Scale Items Factor Loading Common Factor Variance Factor 1 Factor 2 Factor 3 Factor 4 Item 1 0.503 0.411 Item 2 0.539 0.664 Item 3 0.571 0.759 Item 4 0.630 0.667 Item 5 0.672 0.769 Item 6 0.630 0.695 Item 7 0.575 0.547 Item 8 0.525 0.763 Item 9 0.623 0.804 Item 10 0.565 0.676 Item 11 0.592 0.504 Item 12 0.734 0.752 Item 13 0.768 0.789 Eigenvalue (before rotated) 4.085 2.048 1.47 1.195 — % of explanatory variance (before rotated) 31.424 15.757 11.305 9.195 % of explanatory cumulative variance (before rotated) 31.424 47.181 58.487 67.682 Eigenvalue (rotated) 2.678 2.589 1.823 1.708 % of explanatory variance (rotated) 20.603 19.915 14.026 13.138 % of explanatory cumulative variance (rotated) 20.603 40.518 54.544 67.682 Note: QACE, Questionnaire for Assessing the Childbirth Experience. [Insert Table 5 here] [Insert Fig. 2 here] Divergent validity The QACE subscale and total score were in a significant positive correlations with the EPDS and GAD-7 (see Table 6 ) Table 6 The correlations coefficients between QACE, EPDS and GAD-7 (n = 235) Variables Mean SD 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1.EPDS 8.34 2.98 1 2.GAD-7 2.51 3.24 0.607** 1 3.Emotional status 5.94 1.85 0.310** 0.354** 1 4.Relationship with staff 5.6 2.08 0.126 0.204** 0.411** 1 5.First moments with the new born 3.99 1.63 0.056 0.169** 0.267** 0.211** 1 6.Feelings at one month postpartum 4.34 1.72 0.293** 0.356** 0.279** 0.237** 0.362** 1 7.Total of QACE 19.87 5.01 0.286** 0.393** 0.723** 0.717** 0.636** 0.663** 1 Note: QACE, Questionnaire for Assessing the Childbirth Experience; EPDS, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; GAD-7, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7; SD , Standard Deviation; ** P < 0.01. [Insert Table 6 here] Internal consistency The Cronbach’s alpha of the QACE total score was 0.812, and the subscales was ranging of 0.611 to 0.844 (see Table 7 ). Table 7 Cronbach's Alpha coefficient and Spearman-Brown coefficient of QACE (n = 235) Viariables Score Variance Skewness Kurtosis Item deleted Cronbach's Alpha value Cronbach's Alpha coefficient Spearman- Brown coefficient (Mean ± SD) Item 1 2.45 ± 0.858 0.735 -0.018 -0.637 0.806 — Item 2 1.59 ± 0.731 0.534 1.152 0.998 0.789 — Item 3 1.91 ± 0.814 0.663 0.549 -0.344 0.782 Item 4 1.39 ± 0.577 0.333 1.306 1.44 0.788 Item 5 1.38 ± 0.618 0.382 1.623 2.466 0.785 Item 6 1.37 ± 0.655 0.43 1.839 3.023 0.789 Item 7 1.46 ± 0.717 0.514 1.51 1.691 0.792 Item 8 1.23 ± 0.570 0.325 2.753 7.91 0.789 Item 9 1.26 ± 0.567 0.321 2.376 5.772 0.792 Item 10 1.49 ± 0.736 0.542 1.45 1.566 0.792 Item 11 1.52 ± 0.781 0.609 1.444 1.414 0.787 Item 12 1.51 ± 0.797 0.636 1.522 1.563 0.802 Item 13 1.31 ± 0.66 0.436 2.182 4.034 0.800 Emotional status 5.94 ± 1.854 3.437 0.252 -0.577 — 0.664 0.764 Relationship with staff 5.60 ± 2.078 4.319 1.334 1.42 0.827 0.827 First moments with the new born 3.99 ± 1.632 2.662 2.188 5.537 0.844 0.797 Feelings at one month postpartum 4.34 ± 1.723 2.969 1.307 0.952 0.661 0.743 Total of QACE 19.87 ± 5.011 25.115 0.859 0.733 0.812 0.527 Note: QACE, Questionnaire for Assessing the Childbirth Experience; SD, Standard Deviation. [Insert Table 7 here] Discussion The present study involved the cultural adaptation of the QACE from English to Chinese and the testing of the psychometric of the QACE among Chinese women showed that it is a valid and reliable tool for identifying the negative experience during childbirth. The results of item analysis indicates that the Chinese -QACE had good discrimination (all value of the CR ≥ 3) and high homogeneity (all item-total correlation coefficients ≥ 0.4). Regarding the factor structure of the Chinese -QACE, four factors (including emotional status, relationship with staff, first moments with the new born, and feelings at one month postpartum, respectively) were extracted via the principal component analysis and maximum variance orthogonal rotation method, which was consistent with Iranian -QACE [ 18 ] and English -QACE [ 16 ]. Each item whose loading value was greater than 0.4 on the corresponding common factor and clarified a total variance of 67.682%. As such, this revealed that the QACE had excellent construct validity. Concerning divergent validity, due to higher scores of QACE indicate more negative experience [ 1 ], namely, women with a higher score of QACE tend to have a higher score of depression and anxiety [ 25 ]. As anticipated, the Chinese -QACE total and sub-scale scores were significantly positive related to the postpartum depression and anxiety, which endorses the convergent validity of the Chinese -QACE. As to the internal consistency of the sub-scales of QACE, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were ranging 0.70 to 0.84, 0.77 to 0.82 and 0.69 to 0.86 in Switzerland [ 16 ], Iran [ 18 ] and French [ 17 ], respectively. In the Chinese -QACE, similarly to previous findings, the Cronbach’s alpha of the total scale was 0.812, and the subscales was ranging of 0.611 to 0.844. all values were above the threshold of 0.6, which illustrated that the Chinese -QACE had accepted reliable in terms of internal consistency [ 36 ]. This study has several limitations that are important to note. Firstly, the women are from two tertiary hospitals in Sichuan province, thus, our results can be reflected only the condition of Sichuan province and could not generalize to other provinces in China. Secondly, most postpartum mothers visited only once in the postpartum clinic between 6–8 weeks, which limited the opportunity to assess the two-week test-retest reliability of the QACE. Hence, future research should focus on the relatively large sample size and determine the test-retest reliability. Conclusion The current study could provide sufficient evidence for the robust psychometric properties of the C-PMPS-E, revealing that this instrument was a reliable and valid tool to evaluate maternal parenting self-efficacy in China context. Abbreviations QACE Questionnaire for assessing the childbirth experience C-QACE Chinese version of the questionnaire for assessing the childbirth experience EPDS Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale GAD-7 Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 EFA Exploratory factor analysis WHO World Health Organization PTSD Post Traumatic Stress Disorder CEQ 2.0 Childbirth Experience Questionnaire 2.0 WDEQ Wijma Delivery Expectancy Questionnaire CR Critical ratio KMO Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee approval of the Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine (Number: S202303111-02). In addition, informed written consent was obtained from the participants and the respondents were fully informed of the purpose and procedures of the study. Consent for publication Not applicable. Data availability Data are available from the corresponding author on request. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests. Funding This study was financially supported by Health Humanities Research Center, Key Research Base of Philosophy and Social Sciences, Zigong City (Project ID: JKRWY23-19). Author contributions All authors approved the study. XZ, BW and LH: Conceptualization; Methodology; Software; Data curation; Formal analysis; Validation; Investigation; Writing - review & editing; Writing - original draft. XLi and CP: Writing - review & editing; Supervision; Project administration. LP: Supervision and data cu-ration. Acknowledgements We express our gratitude to all the study participants. Author information Authors and Affiliations Obstetrics and gynecology, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China. Xiaoying Zhong, Junbang Wang, Changqing Pan &Lin Peng School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China Linqian He Department of Nursing, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China Xixi Li Corresponding authors: Xixi Li, Changqing Pan and Xiaoying Zhong. Email: [email protected] ORCID： https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1848-0244 Web of Science Researcher ID：HPF-6176-2023 References Chabbert M, Rozenberg P, Wendland J. Predictors of Negative Childbirth Experiences Among French Women. JOGNN-JOURNAL OBSTETRIC GYNECOLOGIC NEONATAL Nurs. 2021;50(4):450–63. Chabbert M, Guillemot-Billaud A, Rozenberg P, Wendland J. Determinants of Anxiety Symptoms, Depression and Peri-traumatic Distress in Immediate Postpartum Women's mental health. GYNECOLOGIE OBSTETRIQUE Fertil SENOLOGIE. 2021;49(2):97–106. Vieira R, Ferreira CHJ, Cavalli RD, do Prado MLR, Beleza ACS, Driusso P. 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WHO recommendations on intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience. World Health Organization; 2018. Hadjigeorgiou E, Andreaki M, Koliandri I, Spyridou A, Balaam MC, Christoforou A. Exploring mothers' experiences of perinatal care in Cyprus: Babies Born Better survey. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023, 23(1). Soriano-Vidal FJ, Oliver-Roig A, Richart-Martínez M, Cabrero-García J. Predictors of childbirth experience: Prospective observational study in eastern Spain. Midwifery 2023, 124. Ruger-Navarrete A, Vázquez-Lara JM, Antúnez-Calvente I, Rodríguez-Díaz L, Riesco-González FJ, Palomo-Gómez R, Gómez-Salgado J, Fernández-Carrasco FJ. Antenatal Fear of Childbirth as a Risk Factor for a Bad Childbirth Experience. HEALTHCARE 2023, 11(3). Raudasoja M, Vehviläinen-Julkunen K, Tolvanen A. Passing the test of motherhood? Self-esteem development and birth experience in the transition to motherhood: A longitudinal mixed methods study in Finland. J Adv Nurs. 2022;78(12):4246–60. Hannon S, Newnham E, Hannon K, Wuytack F, Johnson L, McEvoy E, Daly D. Positive postpartum well-being: What works for women. Health Expect. 2022;25(6):2971–81. Ghanbari-Homaie S, Meedya S, Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi S, Jafarabadi MA, Mohammadi E, Mirghafourvand M. Recommendations for improving primiparous women's childbirth experience: results from a multiphase study in Iran. REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2021, 18(1). Bull C, Carrandi A, Slavin V, Teede H, Callander EJ. Development, woman-centricity and psychometric properties of maternity patient-reported experience measures: a systematic review. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2023, 5(10). Carquillat P, Vendittelli F, Perneger T, Guittier MJ. Development of a questionnaire for assessing the childbirth experience (QACE). BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2017, 17. Chabbert M, Devouche E, Rozenberg P, Wendland J. Validation of the questionnaire for assessing the childbirth experience (QACE) in a French population. L'encephale. 2020;47(4):326–33. Mirghafourvand M, Jafarabadi MA, Ghanbari-Homayi S. Adaptation of short version of questionnaire for assessing the childbirth experience (QACE) to the Iranian culture. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020, 20(1). Chabbert M, Devouche E, Rozenberg P, Wendland J. Validation of the questionnaire for assessing the childbirth experience (QACE) in a French population. ENCEPHALE-REVUE DE PSYCHIATRIE CLINIQUE Biol ET THERAPEUTIQUE. 2021;47(4):326–33. Lai THT, Kwok ST, Wang WL, Seto MTY, Cheung KW. Fear of childbirth: Validation study of the Chinese version of Wijma delivery expectancy/experience questionnaire version A. Midwifery 2022, 104. Lai THT, Kwok ST, Wang WL, Seto MTY, Cheung KW. Fear of childbirth: Validation study of the Chinese version of Wijma delivery expectancy/experience questionnaire version B. Midwifery 2022, 108. Lok KYW, Fan HSL, Ko RWT, Kwok JYY, Wong JYH, Fong DYT, Shek NWM, Ngan HYS, Choi EPH. Validating the use of the revised childbirth experience questionnaire in Hong Kong. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022, 22(1). Beaton DE, Bombardier C, Guillemin F, Ferraz MB. Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. Spine. 2000;25(24):3186–91. Kline P. An easy guide to factor analysis. Routledge; 2014. Arthuis C, LeGoff J, Olivier M, Coutin AS, Banaskiewicz N, Gillard P, Legendre G, Winer N. The experience of giving birth: a prospective cohort in a French perinatal network. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022, 22(1). Galbally M, Watson SJ, Boyce P, Howard L, Herrman H. Perinatal depression: The use of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale to derive clinical subtypes. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2023. Wang YQ, Guo XJ, Lau Y, Chan KS, Yin L, Chen J. Psychometric evaluation of the Mainland Chinese version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Int J Nurs Stud. 2009;46(6):813–23. Mehawej J, Tran KV, Filippaios A, Paul T, Abu HO, Ding E, Mishra A, Dai QY, Hariri E, Wilson SH, et al. Self-reported efficacy in patient-physician interaction in relation to anxiety, patient activation, and health-related quality of life among stroke survivors. Ann Med. 2023;55(1):526–32. Hao XY, Guo YX, Lou JS, Cao JB, Liu M, Mi TY, Li A, You SH, Cao FY, Liu YH, et al. Mental health changes in elderly patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. J Affect Disord. 2023;343:77–85. Liu MS, Wang D, Fang JX, Chang YH, Hu YD, Huang KW. Validation of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 in patients with COPD: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2023, 23(1). Moses T. A review of developments and applications in item analysis. Adv Hum Assessment: Methodological Psychol Policy Contrib ETS 2017:19–46. Livingston SA. Item analysis. Handbook of test development. edn.: Routledge; 2011. pp. 435–56. Fabrigar LR, Wegener DT, MacCallum RC, Strahan EJ. Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research. Psychol Methods. 1999;4(3):272. Shiva L, Desai G, Satyanarayana VA, Venkataram P, Chandra PS. Negative Childbirth Experience and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder-A Study Among Postpartum Women in South India. FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY; 2021. p. 12. Hassanzadeh R, Abbas-Alizadeh F, Meedya S, Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi S, Mirghafourvand M. Comparison of childbirth experiences and postpartum depression among primiparous women based on their attendance in childbirth preparation classes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2022;35(18):3612–9. Bruton A, Conway JH, Holgate ST. Reliability: what is it, and how is it measured? Physiotherapy 2000, 86(2):94–9. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 20 May, 2025 Read the published version in BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 15 Sep, 2024 Reviews received at journal 15 Sep, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 09 Sep, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 05 Sep, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 05 Sep, 2024 Reviews received at journal 18 Aug, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 06 Aug, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 20 Jul, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 15 Jul, 2024 Editor invited by journal 09 Apr, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 02 Apr, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 02 Apr, 2024 First submitted to journal 23 Feb, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-3980899","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":286761886,"identity":"41063de2-863d-4e0a-9282-0ff8c7465de6","order_by":0,"name":"Xiaoying Zhong","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA10lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACfvbmww8//qlh5pc/fIA4LZI9x9KMJRuOsUvOYEsgTovBjRwDCd4GZn6DGzwGRLrszBkDA8kdbNKSs3s+3njDYCen20BAB2N7W8GDwjMyxvwyZzdbzmFINjY7QEALM8/hDQYSbGzJkg2526R5GA4kbiOkhU0iwUCCh425fsOBnGfEaeGRSAF6v42ZGRgObMRpkeABBrLEmWPMwNA2tpxjQIRf7I8Do/JDBTAq2Zsf3nhTYSdHUAualcRGDZIWUnWMglEwCkbBiAAAif5Dek3T29cAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Mianyang Central Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xiaoying","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhong","suffix":""},{"id":286761887,"identity":"8dc661bf-d5ee-4e49-b720-e6b33098c900","order_by":1,"name":"Junbang Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Mianyang Central Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Junbang","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":286761888,"identity":"93400482-df37-45ce-b2de-bfc7a795666c","order_by":2,"name":"Linqian He","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Chengdu Medical College","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Linqian","middleName":"","lastName":"He","suffix":""},{"id":286761889,"identity":"5f83f712-27c7-42a2-8e15-6c3ed8ee56da","order_by":3,"name":"Xixi Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Mianyang Central Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xixi","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""},{"id":286761890,"identity":"0e74ec78-4efb-4c87-b62f-41eed53ff1cd","order_by":4,"name":"Changqing Pan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Mianyang Central Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Changqing","middleName":"","lastName":"Pan","suffix":""},{"id":286761891,"identity":"742cf6df-4648-47a3-a8d7-859304a4e6d6","order_by":5,"name":"Lin Peng","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Mianyang Central Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Lin","middleName":"","lastName":"Peng","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-02-23 06:30:18","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3980899/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3980899/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-025-07659-0","type":"published","date":"2025-05-20T15:57:48+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":54183945,"identity":"b8ea8c15-48a4-43c0-8676-e0290c917b32","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-04-05 17:06:18","extension":"jpeg","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":687084,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTranslation and validation process of the QACE\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNote: QACE, Questionnaire for Assessing the Childbirth Experience; FT-1, Forward translation version-1; FT-2, Forward translation version-; BT-1, Backward translation version-; BT-2, Backward translation version-2; EPDS=Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; GAD-7=Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3980899/v1/86d5b09171dea743428fb98f.jpeg"},{"id":54183944,"identity":"6e47e7c5-a4e4-482f-acbc-12dd4d83b74c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-04-05 17:06:18","extension":"jpeg","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":117347,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe Scree plot of \u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eChinese\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-Questionnaire for Assessing the Childbirth Experience\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage2.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3980899/v1/51b2fb4b4af30993c6232697.jpeg"},{"id":83460033,"identity":"31050232-1316-46f8-b650-00a8859671ca","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-26 16:09:17","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2438634,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3980899/v1/ec06e442-ce2b-407b-aa3b-e9ab4df91e0a.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Validation and psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the questionnaire for assessing the childbirth experience (QACE)","fulltext":[{"header":"Background","content":"\u003cp\u003eChildbirth is considered an unique and trans-formative moments for every woman [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]. It involves the process of bringing a new life into the world, which can be both physically and emotionally challenging [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]. The childbirth experience is a complex and multidimensional construct [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e], which refers to \u0026lsquo;a personal life event comprised of interrelated subjective psychological and physiological processes, affected of social, environmental, organizational and policy contexts\u0026rsquo;[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe World Health Organization (WHO) Labour Care Guideline recommended that addressing inequalities that affect health outcomes, especially sexual and reproductive health and rights and gender, is fundamental to ensuring all women have access to respectful and high-quality maternity care on intrapartum care for positive childbirth experience [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e]. Therefore, it\u0026rsquo;s essential to provide good-quality, evidence-based, respectful care during labour and childbirth, irrespective of the setting or level of health care for healthcare providers [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChildbirth experience is important because having a negative experience is linked to poorer mental health among postpartum women, which includes developing postpartum depression, anxiety, and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and the fear of next childbirth [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR10\" citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e]. Furthermore, there is compelling evidence that indicates that improving birth satisfaction enhances women\u0026rsquo;s trust in facility-based care, which includes access to quality postnatal care [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR13\" citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e]. As such, it is imperative to develop a short, valid, reliable, and theoretically supported measure to evaluate levels of childbirth experience and formulate effective strategies to improve intranatal care [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeveral tools have been designed to measure women\u0026rsquo;s childbirth experience, among these existing scales [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e], the questionnaire for assessing the childbirth experience (QACE) was designed from an extensive psychometric assessment, which resulted in production of a 13-item short-form version incorporated four sub-scales (1) emotional status, (2) relationship with staff, (3) first moments with the new born, and (4) feelings at one month postpartum [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e]. Since the founder \u003cem\u003eEnglish\u003c/em\u003e -QACE was validated by [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e], translations and validations have been carried out in French [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e], Iran [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e] and Spain [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e], and good psychometric properties of QACE was confirmed.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn China, several researchers have used the revised Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ 2.0) and the Wijma Delivery Expectancy Questionnaire (WDEQ) to assess the childbirth experience [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR21\" citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e]. However, the 13-item-QACE has more brevity, given that it is a quick and easy instrument for women to complete, compared to the 25-item-CEQ 2.0, the 33-item-WDED. Given that lack of a short assessment tool to examine childbirth satisfaction within a Chinese population, resulted in interest to translate and validate a Chinese version of the QACE. To this end, our aim was to translate and determine the key psychometric properties of a Chinese version of the QACE, to yield a short and easy to administer instrument for use within Chinese populations of postnatal women. Validation of a Chinese -QACE will provide an instrument which can be used to measure effectiveness of interventions designed to improve women\u0026rsquo;s experiences of childbirth, with the ultimate goal of improving standards of intranatal care provided in China.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Materials and method","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eResearch design\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThis is a cross-sectional study. This research was divided into two phases (Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). In phase 1, the QACE was translated to Chinese using the guideline. In phase 2, the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the QACE were tested through a cross-sectional survey.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eTranslation processes\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe permission for the translation of QACE was obtained from Dr. Guittier via email.. The translation process followed forward translation, back translation, scrutiny by an expert committee and preliminary pilot testing [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e]. The Chinese-Questionnaire for Assessing the Childbirth Experience sees Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eForward translation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe QACE was independently translated into Chinese by a midwife and a doctor, both of whom were proficient in both English and native Chinese. A panel of five nursing professors and five obstetricians reviewed the forward-translated versions to determine the most accurate translation. Following the resolution of ambiguities and disagreements, a preliminary initial translation version titled \u0026ldquo;Version 1.0 forward translation Chinese-QACE\u0026rdquo; was created.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackward translation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThis team consisted of one English teacher and one doctor of nursing, neither of whom had been exposed to the original QACE. The two researchers translated Version 1.0 into English and named it \u0026ldquo;Version 2.0 backward translation Chinese-QACE,\u0026rdquo; which was then compared to the original QACE.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eScrutiny by an expert committee\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTen experts were invited to evaluate the cultural adaptation of the Version 2.0 Chinese-QACE, which served as the foundation for the Version 3.0 pre-final Chinese-QACE.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePreliminary pilot testing\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eConvenience sampling was used to select (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;30) women to participate in a preliminary survey that resulted in the final Chinese-QACE. These pilot participants were asked if they had an unclear understanding of the content, and none declared that they did.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe Chinese-Questionnaire for Assessing the Childbirth Experience\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDimension\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eItems\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEnglish Version\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChinese Version\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGenerally, \u0026hellip;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e总体来说, \u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEmotional status\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e情绪状态\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eItem 1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI felt worried\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e我感到担心\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eItem 2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI felt secure\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e我感到安全\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eItem 3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI felt confident\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e我感到自信\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRelationship with staff\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e与医务人员的关系\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eItem 4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe staff understood and fulfilled my wishes in a satisfactory manner\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e医务人员理解并满足了我的愿望\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eItem 5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI felt emotionally supported by the staff who took care of me\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e照顾我的医务人员给了我情感支持\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eItem 6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe staff kept me informed of what was happening\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e医务人员告知我生产过程中的情况\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eItem 7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI felt I could express myself and give my opinion about decisions about me\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e我可以向医务人员表达自己的想法, 并且在\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e医疗决策中提出自己的看法\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eImmediately after childbirth\u0026hellip;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e产后立即, \u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFirst moments with the new born\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e与新生儿\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e的第一个时刻\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eItem 8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI was able to see my baby for the first time in a satisfactory manner\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e产后我首次见到孩子时, 感到很满意\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eItem 9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI held my baby for the first time when I felt like it\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e产后首次抱孩子时感到很喜欢他/她\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eItem 10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe first moments with my baby corresponded with what I had imagined prior to giving birth\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e产后初次与孩子在一起时的感觉, 与产前所想象的一样\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCurrently\u0026hellip;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e现在\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFeelings at one month postpartum\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e产后一个月的感觉\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eItem 11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI am proud of myself\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e我感到自豪\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eItem 12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI feel regret\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e我感到遗憾\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eItem 13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI have a feeling of failure\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e我有一种失败的感觉\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[Insert Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e here]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[Insert Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e here]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eParticipants\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe sample size was calculated according to the criteria required for factorial analysis, with ten to twenty subjects per item [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e]. Given the QACE includes 13 items, a sample size of 130 to 260 participants was considered adequate [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e]. Participants were recruited from the postpartum clinics of two tertiary hospitals in Sichuan province between May 2023 and August 2023, in China. Inclusion criteria comprised of: (a) being aged 18\u0026ndash;50 years, and (b) could read and write in Chinese. Exclusion criteria consisted of: (a) being less than 18 or more than 50 years of age, (b) Induction of labor/stillbirth and (c) provided insufficient data. A total of 240 women agreed to participate in the study, but 5 participants were excluded because their data was insufficient or unreliable. A sample of 235 women were therefore included in the data analysis. analysis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eInstruments\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eDemographic characteristics form\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBasic demographics included age (year), postpartum period (day), education level, marital status, number of pregnancies, parity, pregnancy mode, history of caesarean section, type of delivery, feeding pattern, pregnancy complication, neonatal complications, and maternity wards.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eThe questionnaire for assessing the childbirth experience (QACE)\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe QACE comprises 13 items and is divided into four subscales [emotional status (three items), relationship with staff (four items), first moments with the new born (three items), and feelings at one month postpartum (three items)] [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e]. The score range for each of the dimensions is 1\u0026ndash;4, where higher scores indicate worse experiences. This scale was coded the answer format of the 4-point Likert scale, as follows: 1 (totally), 2 (in part), 3 (not so much), and 4 (not at all) for items 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e]. The ratings of negatively worded statements were reverse-scored (items 1, 12, 13) so that the higher scores more reflected a negative childbirth experience. Scores for each of the four dimensions are computed as the mean of the ratings of the included items. A total score may not be calculated [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eThe Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS)\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe EPDS is a self-report questionnaire evaluating the symptoms of perinatal depression, it consists of 10 items, with each item rated from 0 to 3 and has three items that are reverse-coded [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e]. Total scores range from 0 to 30, whereby high scores indicate a greater severity in depressive symptoms. In the Chinese validation study, the EPDS was reported to have acceptable internal consistency (\u0026alpha;\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.78), with cut-off points that aid in the identification of postnatal depression among women [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e]. In the current study, the Cronbach\u0026rsquo;s alpha of the EPDS was 0.844, suggesting the internal consistency of the EPDS was adequate.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eThe Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7)\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe GAD-7 is a seven-item self-report scale for measuring anxiety disorder [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e]. Item scores range from 0 (none) to 3 (almost every day) for each item, with total scores ranging from 0 to 21 [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e]. Total scores can be categorized as, normal (0\u0026ndash;4), mild (5\u0026ndash;9), moderate (10\u0026ndash;14), or severe (15\u0026ndash;21) [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e]. In the Chinese validation study, the GAD-7 was found to have a very good internal reliability (\u0026alpha;\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.88) [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e]. In this study, the Cronbach\u0026rsquo;s alpha of the GAD-7 was 0.899.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eData analysis\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAll data analysis were carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 29.0. All statistical tests were two-tailed and a p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. To describe the demographic characteristics of participant, the frequency (percentage) were used for categorical variables and the mean (standard deviation) was used for continuous variables.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eItem analysis\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCritical ratio and correlation coefficient methods were used based on item analysis [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e]. Firstly, the item scores of QACE were summed up and then arranged in ascending order from high to low. The bottom 27% of the score was divided into the low score group (69 cases) and the top 27% identified the high score group (78 cases), and the independent sample t-test was used to compare the two groups. Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated between the item and total score. In general, an item that the absolute value of the critical ratio (CR) less than 3 or item -total correlation coefficient less than 0.4 should be deleted [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eExploratory factor analysis\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eExploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to evaluate construct validity. When the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test value was greater than 0.6 and the Bartlett spherical test statistic was significant (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), this indicated that the data was suitable for factor analysis. The principal component analysis and maximum variance orthogonal rotation method were used to extract common factors. The factor load on corresponding factors of items should be \u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.4, and the interpretation rate of cumulative total variance should be greater than 40% [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eDivergent validity\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDivergent validity was assessed using Pearson\u0026rsquo;s correlation coefficients between the QACE total score and sub-scales, and EPDS and GAD-7. The higher scores of QACE reflected a more negative childbirth experience. The theoretical assumption of this study is that the QACE total and sub-scale scores were significantly positive related to the total and sub-scale scores of EPDS and GAD-7 [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eInternal consistency\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe internal consistency reliability of the QACE was assessed based on Cronbach\u0026rsquo;s alpha coefficients and Spearman-Brown coefficient for the entire scale and each sub-scale, and threshold values above 0.60 were considered as accepted reliability .[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec17\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eDemographic characteristics and responses of participants for QACE\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe mean age of the women was 31.30 years (SD\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.38). The majority of women (71.5%) had a senior high school diploma. A summary of the demographic data is shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e. And the responses of participants for the QACE see Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDemographic characteristics of participants (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;235)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003en (%)or Mean(SD)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAge (Year)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.30\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePostpartum period (Day)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47.06\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEducation level\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJunior high school and below\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22 (8.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSenior high school\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e168(71.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUniversity and above\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46(19.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarital status\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMarriage\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e233(99.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnmarried/Divorced\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2(0.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNumber of pregnancies\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e138(58.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e55(23.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42(17.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eParity\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrimipara\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e189(80.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultipara\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46(19.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePregnancy mode\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWanted pregnancy\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e165(70.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnwanted pregnancy\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30(12.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIVF\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40(17.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHistory of caesarean section\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e204(86.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31(13.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eType of delivery\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVaginal delivery\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e104(44.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCesarean delivery\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e131(55.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFeeding pattern\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBreast feeding\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e123(52.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMixed feeding\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e99(42.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eArtificial feeding\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13(5.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePregnancy complication\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e94(40.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e138(58.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeficiency\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3(1.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNeonatal complications\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e153(65.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e80(34.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeficiency\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2(0.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMaternity wards\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrdinary\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e166(70.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLDR\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e69(29.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNote: LDR, Single room for Labor, Delivery, Recovery; IVF, In vitro fertilization.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eResponses of participants for the Questionnaire for Assessing the Childbirth Experience(n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;235)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem content\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eResponses [N (%)]\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotally\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn part\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot so much\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot at all\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. I felt worried\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24(10.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90(38.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e88(37.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33(14.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. I felt secure\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e126(53.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e85(36.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19(8.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5(2.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3. I felt confident\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e81(34.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e102(43.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44(18.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8(3.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4. The staff understood and fulfilled my wishes in a satisfactory manner\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e153(65.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e73(31.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8(3.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1(0.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5. I felt emotionally supported by the staff who took care of me\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e161(68.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61(25.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11(4.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2(0.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6. The staff kept me informed of what was happening\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e169(71.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e49(20.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14(6.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3(1.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7. I felt I could express myself and give my opinion about decisions about me\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e154(65.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e58(24.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19(8.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4(1.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8. I was able to see my baby for the first time in a satisfactory manner\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e194(82.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30(12.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8(3.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3(1.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9. I held my baby for the first time when I felt like it\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e187(79.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e37(15.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9(3.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2(0.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10. The first moments with my baby corresponded with what I had imagined prior to giving birth\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e148(63.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63(26.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19(8.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5(2.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11. I am proud of myself\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e147(62.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60(25.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21(8.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7(3.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12. I feel regret\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8(3.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21(8.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54(23.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e152(64.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13. I have a feeling of failure\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3(1.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17(7.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29(12.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e186(79.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e[Insert Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e here]\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e[Insert Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e here]\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec18\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eItem analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eCritical ratios of all items were greater than 3 (ranging from 5.521 to 12.579) and significant (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01) between the low score group and high score group (see Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e). All item-total correlation coefficients were greater than 0.4 (ranging from 0.442 to 0.651) and significant (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01) (see Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem analysis of Chinese-QACE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItems/\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubscales\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCritical Ratio\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem/Subscale total Correlation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLow Score Group\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHigh Score Group\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;69)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;78)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.83\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.727\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.85\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.757\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-8.306**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.454**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.04\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.205\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.749\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-11.991**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.577**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.25\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.467\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.49\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.716\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-12.578**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.651**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.01\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.120\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.82\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.659\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-10.597**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.582**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.01\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.120\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.86\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.751\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-9.788**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.621**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.03\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.169\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.86\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.817\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-8.759**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.577**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.03\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.169\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.95\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.866\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-9.180**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.547**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.01\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.120\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.58\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-5.915**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.570**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.04\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.268\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.56\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.783\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-5.521**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.539**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.07\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.312\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.87\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.843\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-7.791**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.554**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.09\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.332\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.01\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.933\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-8.200**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.606**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.12\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.365\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.01\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.947\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-7.742**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.473**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.03\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.169\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.65\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.895\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-6.047**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.442**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmotional status\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.12\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.008\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.44\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.438\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-16.351**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.723**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRelationship with staff\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.09\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.284\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.49\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.232\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-13.335**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.717**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFirst moments with the new born\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.13\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.451\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.01\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.189\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-7.419**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.636**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFeelings at one month postpartum\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.23\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.573\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.68\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.937\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-10.645**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.663**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal QACE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.57\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.144\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.62\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.630\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-25.494**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNote: QACE, Questionnaire for Assessing the Childbirth Experience; SD, Standard Deviation; **\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e[Insert Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e here]\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec19\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eExploratory factor analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe KMO value was 0.785, and the Bartlett spherical test statistic was 1093.304 (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), revealing the data was suitable for factor analysis. The Principal Component Analysis revealed the presence of four components with eigenvalues greater than 1, explaining a total variance of 67.682% (see Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e). To view items whose loading value was greater than 0.4 on the corresponding common factor (see Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e). The scree plot showed it was acceptable to retain four factors (see Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExploratory factor analysis of QACE (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;235)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eScale Items\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFactor Loading\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommon Factor Variance\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFactor 1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFactor 2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFactor 3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFactor 4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.503\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.411\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.539\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.664\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.571\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.759\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.630\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.667\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.672\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.769\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.630\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.695\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.575\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.547\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.525\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.763\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.623\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.804\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.565\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.676\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.592\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.504\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.734\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.752\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.768\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.789\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEigenvalue (before rotated)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.085\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.048\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.47\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.195\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e% of explanatory\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e variance (before rotated)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.424\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.757\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.305\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.195\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e% of explanatory cumulative variance (before rotated)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.424\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47.181\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e58.487\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67.682\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEigenvalue (rotated)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.678\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.589\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.823\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.708\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e% of explanatory variance (rotated)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.603\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.915\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.026\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.138\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e% of explanatory cumulative variance (rotated)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.603\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40.518\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54.544\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67.682\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNote: QACE, Questionnaire for Assessing the Childbirth Experience.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e[Insert Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e here]\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e[Insert Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e here]\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec20\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eDivergent validity\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe QACE subscale and total score were in a significant positive correlations with the EPDS and GAD-7 (see Table \u003cspan refid=\"Tab6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab6\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 6\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe correlations coefficients between QACE, EPDS and GAD-7 (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;235)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"10\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSD\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.EPDS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.GAD-7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.51\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.607**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.Emotional status\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.310**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.354**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.Relationship with staff\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.126\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.204**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.411**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.First moments with the new born\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.056\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.169**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.267**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.211**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.Feelings at one month postpartum\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.293**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.356**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.279**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.237**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.362**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.Total of QACE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.87\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.286**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.393**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.723**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.717**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.636**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.663**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"10\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNote: QACE, Questionnaire for Assessing the Childbirth Experience; EPDS, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; GAD-7, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7; \u003cem\u003eSD\u003c/em\u003e, Standard Deviation; **\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e[Insert Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e here]\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec21\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eInternal consistency\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Cronbach\u0026rsquo;s alpha of the QACE total score was 0.812, and the subscales was ranging of 0.611 to 0.844 (see Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab7\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab7\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 7\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCronbach's Alpha coefficient and Spearman-Brown coefficient of QACE (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;235)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eViariables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eScore\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariance\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSkewness\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKurtosis\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem deleted Cronbach's Alpha value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCronbach's Alpha coefficient\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpearman-\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBrown coefficient\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(Mean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.45\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.858\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.735\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.018\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.637\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.806\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\" morerows=\"12\" rowspan=\"13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.59\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.731\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.534\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.152\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.998\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.789\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"11\" rowspan=\"12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.91\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.814\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.663\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.549\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.344\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.782\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.39\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.577\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.333\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.306\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.788\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.38\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.618\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.382\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.623\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.466\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.785\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.37\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.655\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.839\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.023\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.789\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.46\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.717\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.514\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.51\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.691\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.792\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.23\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.570\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.325\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.753\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.91\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.789\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.26\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.567\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.321\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.376\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.772\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.792\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.49\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.736\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.542\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.566\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.792\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.52\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.781\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.609\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.444\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.414\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.787\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.51\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.797\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.636\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.522\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.563\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.802\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.31\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.66\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.436\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.182\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.034\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.800\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmotional status\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.94\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.854\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.437\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.252\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.577\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.664\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.764\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRelationship with staff\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.60\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.078\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.319\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.334\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.827\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.827\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFirst moments with the new born\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.99\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.632\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.662\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.188\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.537\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.844\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.797\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFeelings at one month postpartum\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.34\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.723\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.969\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.307\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.952\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.661\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.743\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal of QACE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.87\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.011\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.115\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.859\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.733\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.812\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.527\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"8\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNote: QACE, Questionnaire for Assessing the Childbirth Experience; SD, Standard Deviation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e[Insert Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab7\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e here]\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe present study involved the cultural adaptation of the QACE from English to Chinese and the testing of the psychometric of the QACE among Chinese women showed that it is a valid and reliable tool for identifying the negative experience during childbirth. The results of item analysis indicates that the \u003cem\u003eChinese\u003c/em\u003e -QACE had good discrimination (all value of the CR\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;3) and high homogeneity (all item-total correlation coefficients\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;0.4).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegarding the factor structure of the \u003cem\u003eChinese\u003c/em\u003e -QACE, four factors (including emotional status, relationship with staff, first moments with the new born, and feelings at one month postpartum, respectively) were extracted via the principal component analysis and maximum variance orthogonal rotation method, which was consistent with \u003cem\u003eIranian\u003c/em\u003e-QACE [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e] and \u003cem\u003eEnglish\u003c/em\u003e-QACE [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e]. Each item whose loading value was greater than 0.4 on the corresponding common factor and clarified a total variance of 67.682%. As such, this revealed that the QACE had excellent construct validity.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConcerning divergent validity, due to higher scores of QACE indicate more negative experience [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e], namely, women with a higher score of QACE tend to have a higher score of depression and anxiety [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e]. As anticipated, the \u003cem\u003eChinese\u003c/em\u003e -QACE total and sub-scale scores were significantly positive related to the postpartum depression and anxiety, which endorses the convergent validity of the \u003cem\u003eChinese\u003c/em\u003e -QACE.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs to the internal consistency of the sub-scales of QACE, the Cronbach\u0026rsquo;s alpha coefficients were ranging 0.70 to 0.84, 0.77 to 0.82 and 0.69 to 0.86 in Switzerland [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e], Iran [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e] and French [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e], respectively. In the \u003cem\u003eChinese\u003c/em\u003e -QACE, similarly to previous findings, the Cronbach\u0026rsquo;s alpha of the total scale was 0.812, and the subscales was ranging of 0.611 to 0.844. all values were above the threshold of 0.6, which illustrated that the \u003cem\u003eChinese\u003c/em\u003e -QACE had accepted reliable in terms of internal consistency [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study has several limitations that are important to note. Firstly, the women are from two tertiary hospitals in Sichuan province, thus, our results can be reflected only the condition of Sichuan province and could not generalize to other provinces in China. Secondly, most postpartum mothers visited only once in the postpartum clinic between 6\u0026ndash;8 weeks, which limited the opportunity to assess the two-week test-retest reliability of the QACE. Hence, future research should focus on the relatively large sample size and determine the test-retest reliability.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe current study could provide sufficient evidence for the robust psychometric properties of the C-PMPS-E, revealing that this instrument was a reliable and valid tool to evaluate maternal parenting self-efficacy in China context.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionList\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eQACE\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestionnaire for assessing the childbirth experience\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eC-QACE\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChinese version of the questionnaire for assessing the childbirth experience\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eEPDS\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEdinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eGAD-7\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneralized Anxiety Disorder-7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eEFA\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExploratory factor analysis\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eWHO\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWorld Health Organization\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003e\u003cb\u003ePTSD\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePost Traumatic Stress Disorder\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eCEQ 2.0\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChildbirth Experience Questionnaire 2.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eWDEQ\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWijma Delivery Expectancy Questionnaire\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eCR\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCritical ratio\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eKMO\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKaiser-Meyer-Olkin\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee approval of the Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine (Number: S202303111-02). In addition, informed written consent was obtained from the participants and the respondents were fully informed of the purpose and procedures of the study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData availability\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eData are available from the corresponding author on request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study was financially supported by Health Humanities Research Center, Key Research Base of Philosophy and Social Sciences, Zigong City (Project ID: JKRWY23-19).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll authors approved the study. XZ, BW and LH: Conceptualization; Methodology; Software; Data curation; Formal analysis; Validation; Investigation; Writing - review \u0026amp; editing; Writing - original draft. XLi and CP: Writing - review \u0026amp; editing; Supervision; Project administration. LP: Supervision and data cu-ration.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe express our gratitude to all the study participants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor information\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors and Affiliations\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eObstetrics and gynecology, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eXiaoying Zhong, Junbang Wang, Changqing Pan \u0026amp;Lin Peng\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool of Nursing, Chengdu Medical\u0026nbsp;College,\u0026nbsp;Chengdu, China\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLinqian He\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDepartment of Nursing, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eXixi Li\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCorresponding authors: Xixi Li, Changqing Pan and Xiaoying Zhong.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEmail: [email protected]\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eORCID：\u003cu\u003ehttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1848-0244\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWeb of Science Researcher ID：HPF-6176-2023\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eChabbert M, Rozenberg P, Wendland J. 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Midwifery 2022, 108.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLok KYW, Fan HSL, Ko RWT, Kwok JYY, Wong JYH, Fong DYT, Shek NWM, Ngan HYS, Choi EPH. Validating the use of the revised childbirth experience questionnaire in Hong Kong. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022, 22(1).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBeaton DE, Bombardier C, Guillemin F, Ferraz MB. Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. Spine. 2000;25(24):3186\u0026ndash;91.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKline P. An easy guide to factor analysis. Routledge; 2014.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eArthuis C, LeGoff J, Olivier M, Coutin AS, Banaskiewicz N, Gillard P, Legendre G, Winer N. The experience of giving birth: a prospective cohort in a French perinatal network. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022, 22(1).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGalbally M, Watson SJ, Boyce P, Howard L, Herrman H. Perinatal depression: The use of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale to derive clinical subtypes. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2023.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWang YQ, Guo XJ, Lau Y, Chan KS, Yin L, Chen J. Psychometric evaluation of the Mainland Chinese version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Int J Nurs Stud. 2009;46(6):813\u0026ndash;23.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMehawej J, Tran KV, Filippaios A, Paul T, Abu HO, Ding E, Mishra A, Dai QY, Hariri E, Wilson SH, et al. Self-reported efficacy in patient-physician interaction in relation to anxiety, patient activation, and health-related quality of life among stroke survivors. Ann Med. 2023;55(1):526\u0026ndash;32.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHao XY, Guo YX, Lou JS, Cao JB, Liu M, Mi TY, Li A, You SH, Cao FY, Liu YH, et al. Mental health changes in elderly patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. J Affect Disord. 2023;343:77\u0026ndash;85.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLiu MS, Wang D, Fang JX, Chang YH, Hu YD, Huang KW. Validation of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 in patients with COPD: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2023, 23(1).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMoses T. A review of developments and applications in item analysis. Adv Hum Assessment: Methodological Psychol Policy Contrib ETS 2017:19\u0026ndash;46.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLivingston SA. Item analysis. Handbook of test development. edn.: Routledge; 2011. pp. 435\u0026ndash;56.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFabrigar LR, Wegener DT, MacCallum RC, Strahan EJ. Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research. Psychol Methods. 1999;4(3):272.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eShiva L, Desai G, Satyanarayana VA, Venkataram P, Chandra PS. Negative Childbirth Experience and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder-A Study Among Postpartum Women in South India. FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY; 2021. p. 12.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHassanzadeh R, Abbas-Alizadeh F, Meedya S, Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi S, Mirghafourvand M. Comparison of childbirth experiences and postpartum depression among primiparous women based on their attendance in childbirth preparation classes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2022;35(18):3612\u0026ndash;9.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBruton A, Conway JH, Holgate ST. Reliability: what is it, and how is it measured? \u003cem\u003ePhysiotherapy\u003c/em\u003e 2000, 86(2):94\u0026ndash;9.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-pregnancy-and-childbirth","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"prch","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth](http://bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/prch/default.aspx","title":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth","twitterHandle":"@BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Reliability, validity, psychometric properties, childbirth experience, questionnaire for assessing the childbirth experience, QACE","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3980899/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3980899/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground:\u003c/strong\u003eThe aim of this paper was to translate and determine the psychometric properties of the questionnaire for assessing the childbirth experience (QACE) among Chinese postpartum women (C-QACE).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethod:\u003c/strong\u003eThe cross-cultural adaptation process followed Beaton (2000) intercultural debugging guidelines. A total of 235 women were included to test the psychometric properties of the C-QACE. Participants were asked to complete the demographic characteristics form, the C-QACE, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). The psychometric testing of the C-QACE were evaluate through item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, divergent validity and internal consistency reliability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults:\u003c/strong\u003e Item analysis showed that the critical ratios of all items were greater than 3 , and all item-total correlation coefficients were greater than 0.4. The finding of the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed the presence of four components with eigenvalues greater than 1, explaining a total variance of 67.682%. And the scree plot showed it was acceptable to retain four factors (emotional status, relationship with staff, first moments with the new born, and feelings at one month postpartum). In terms of the divergent validity, the QACE subscale and total score were in a significant positive correlations with the EPDS and GAD-7. Regarding the internal consistency reliability, the Cronbach’s alpha of the QACE total score was 0.812, and the subscales was ranging of 0.611 to 0.844.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion:\u003c/strong\u003e The Chinese version of QACE is a relevant tool for measuring childbirth experience into the Chinese context with acceptable validity and stability.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Validation and psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the questionnaire for assessing the childbirth experience (QACE)","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-04-05 17:06:13","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3980899/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2024-09-15T19:44:01+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-09-15T11:04:55+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"205090323277334609047354061477273945850","date":"2024-09-09T07:59:14+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"307672680129645311558601336986432938438","date":"2024-09-05T21:48:00+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"46119766089291638030343909232959039663","date":"2024-09-05T16:27:00+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-08-19T02:15:24+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"305662185302093832489595392342645433644","date":"2024-08-07T02:07:12+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"328828367525561617325044200011176383701","date":"2024-07-20T14:03:01+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2024-07-15T11:47:20+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2024-04-09T09:04:49+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2024-04-02T17:23:15+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2024-04-02T17:23:15+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth","date":"2024-02-23T06:25:52+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-pregnancy-and-childbirth","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"prch","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth](http://bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/prch/default.aspx","title":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth","twitterHandle":"@BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"a95e9656-7cd5-4844-8494-6c8acf07c48c","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 5th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-05-26T16:01:56+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-3980899","link":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-025-07659-0","journal":{"identity":"bmc-pregnancy-and-childbirth","isVorOnly":false,"title":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth"},"publishedOn":"2025-05-20 15:57:48","publishedOnDateReadable":"May 20th, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2024-04-05 17:06:13","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1186/s12884-025-07659-0","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-025-07659-0","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-3980899","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-3980899","identity":"rs-3980899","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}