Spatial-Temporal Variation and Correlation Analysis of Ecosystem Service Values and Ecological Risks in Winter Cities: Evidence from Shenyang, China

Spatial-Temporal Variation and Correlation Analysis of Ecosystem Service Values and Ecological Risks in Winter Cities: Evidence from Shenyang, China | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Spatial-Temporal Variation and Correlation Analysis of Ecosystem Service Values and Ecological Risks in Winter Cities: Evidence from Shenyang, China Yang Li, Hao Xie This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4286802/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 06 Aug, 2024 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Ecosystems in winter cities are complex and fragile, experiencing significant changes due to climate variations and human construction activities. Assessing the ecological status and risk faced by these areas commonly involves using Ecosystem Service Value (ESV) and Ecological Risk Index (ERI). However, limited research has combined these two measures to reveal sptial-temporal trends in urban ecosystem conditions. This study utilizes land use data from 2000, 2010, and 2020 to construct ESV and ERI measurement models using the improved unit area value factor method and landscape pattern index method, respectively. By evaluating the regional and temporal differentiation features of ESV and ERI, in addition to their spatial association, the study identifies priority areas for urban ecological restoration and recommends rationalization solutions. The findings indicate: Between 2000 and 2020, Shenyang's total ESV decreased by 1.31%, from 273.97×10 8 CNY to 270.38×10 8 CNY. The ESV per unit area dropped from 21304.50 CNY/hm 2 to 21025.33 CNY/hm 2 . The ecological risk to the study area has increased. The area of ERI high-value, higher-value, and medium-value zones remained relatively stable, while the area of low-value zones decreased by 12.78%, and the area of lower-value zones increased by 13.21%. There is a spatial correlation between ESV and ERI in winter cities. The H-H area is distributed in the northeastern hilly region, which exhibits strong ESV supply capacity while facing severe ecological risks, identifying it as a priority region to pursue ecological rehabilitation. These results offer theoretical justification for urban management and planning, guaranteeing the ecological security and sustainability of winter cities. Earth and environmental sciences/Ecology/Ecosystem services Earth and environmental sciences/Ecology/Urban ecology winter city ESV ERI ecological restoration Shenyang Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 06 Aug, 2024 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Reviews received at journal 17 May, 2024 Reviews received at journal 15 May, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 07 May, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 07 May, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 06 May, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 25 Apr, 2024 Editor invited by journal 22 Apr, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 22 Apr, 2024 First submitted to journal 18 Apr, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4286802","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":294836345,"identity":"a766c8dc-52a3-4b46-b0b1-f849565cd59d","order_by":0,"name":"Yang Li","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA6klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACPmYwZcPAwMzcABVLwK+FDaIlDaiFkVgtEOowEBOthZ3H8HPBr/PR/O2MDcwFFYcZ+NlzDBh+7sDnMB5j6Zl9t3NnHAZqmXHmMINkzxsDxt4zeLUYSPP23M5tAGnhbTvMYHAjx4CZsQ2/Lb95e87lzgdr+XeYwZ4ILWbSPD8O5G4Aa2kA2iJBUAtbmTVvQ3LuRqCWwzzH0nkkzjwrONiLRws//+HNt3n+2OXOO3/44GOeGms5/vbkjQ9+4tHCwMBhwABzxgEg5oEx8AD2BwwMf/ArGQWjYBSMghEOABw6SjMa8lg5AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Jangho Architecture College, Northeastern University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yang","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""},{"id":294836346,"identity":"c39db699-b36e-4391-b7bb-3b9fb734269d","order_by":1,"name":"Hao Xie","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Jangho Architecture College, Northeastern University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hao","middleName":"","lastName":"Xie","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-04-18 09:46:20","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4286802/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4286802/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-67651-0","type":"published","date":"2024-08-06T15:57:22+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":62298783,"identity":"9d271026-40f7-4ecf-9b42-9db9f8a95a90","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-08-12 16:16:40","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1238029,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"2024..4.22Manuscriptfile.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4286802/v1_covered_2051150f-917e-466f-a232-2c9c49696ed3.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Spatial-Temporal Variation and Correlation Analysis of Ecosystem Service Values and Ecological Risks in Winter Cities: Evidence from Shenyang, China","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"winter city, ESV, ERI, ecological restoration, Shenyang","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4286802/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4286802/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eEcosystems in winter cities are complex and fragile, experiencing significant changes due to climate variations and human construction activities. Assessing the ecological status and risk faced by these areas commonly involves using Ecosystem Service Value (ESV) and Ecological Risk Index (ERI). However, limited research has combined these two measures to reveal sptial-temporal trends in urban ecosystem conditions. This study utilizes land use data from 2000, 2010, and 2020 to construct ESV and ERI measurement models using the improved unit area value factor method and landscape pattern index method, respectively. By evaluating the regional and temporal differentiation features of ESV and ERI, in addition to their spatial association, the study identifies \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;priority areas for urban ecological restoration and recommends rationalization solutions. The findings indicate: Between 2000 and 2020, Shenyang's total ESV decreased by 1.31%, from 273.97×10\u003csup\u003e8\u003c/sup\u003e CNY to 270.38×10\u003csup\u003e8\u003c/sup\u003e CNY. 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These results offer theoretical justification for urban management and planning, guaranteeing the ecological security and sustainability of winter cities.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Spatial-Temporal Variation and Correlation Analysis of Ecosystem Service Values and Ecological Risks in Winter Cities: Evidence from Shenyang, China","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-04-25 05:00:13","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4286802/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-05-17T12:49:53+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-05-15T04:16:38+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"66067076-156c-4094-9563-5bcc1c451d92","date":"2024-05-07T14:30:37+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"376c79d3-a63d-4076-91dc-4c5671279ad7","date":"2024-05-07T08:40:51+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2024-05-07T03:40:52+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2024-04-25T15:20:38+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2024-04-22T12:20:46+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2024-04-22T12:16:49+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2024-04-18T09:44:58+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"a7867398-5587-4f19-8bf5-633f7eea9ab7","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 25th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":31082958,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Ecology/Ecosystem services"},{"id":31082959,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Ecology/Urban ecology"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-08-12T16:08:37+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-4286802","link":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-67651-0","journal":{"identity":"scientific-reports","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Scientific Reports"},"publishedOn":"2024-08-06 15:57:22","publishedOnDateReadable":"August 6th, 2024"},"versionCreatedAt":"2024-04-25 05:00:13","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1038/s41598-024-67651-0","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-67651-0","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4286802","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4286802","identity":"rs-4286802","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}