BIM Interoperability in the Maintenance Planning Process for Existing Buildings

BIM Interoperability in the Maintenance Planning Process for Existing Buildings | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article BIM Interoperability in the Maintenance Planning Process for Existing Buildings Leonardo da Silveira Pirillo Inojosa, Kinderman de Araújo Vilanova This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2592685/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 16 May, 2023 Read the published version in Journal of Building Pathology and Rehabilitation → Version 1 posted 7 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract One of the main difficulties inherent to the process of maintenance and management of existing assets is the lack of plans and project documents that allow a study and even an understanding of how the structure of the building works, in addition to the lack of records of the changes made that may have altered the structure of the heritage building over time. This makes it difficult to analyze interventions to treat possible problems that may evolve to more worrying pathologies and that put at risk the useful life of the property. Older buildings require more frequent inspections to carry out interventions that can extend their service life. Having all records of maintenance and inspections carried out is essential for better planning of future interventions. This work aims to develop a workflow methodology to facilitate the process of maintenance and management of existing buildings, uniting facility management concepts and using BIM interoperability, through IFC ( Industry Foundation Classes ), integrated with online forms for collection and documentation of visual inspection data of the structure. To perform this dialogue, the Software Navisworks Manage 2022 was used for the visualization and documentation of the 3D model referring to the as-built of the SG-12, part of the set of General Services Sheds of the University of Brasília, which besides being an old building and being in the process of being listed as cultural heritage, has undergone several changes over time. The methodology developed and the result of the documentation of the data are presented in detail. BIM Maintenance Facility Management Existing buildings Interoperability Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15 Figure 16 Figure 17 Figure 18 Figure 19 Introduction Historic buildings or old buildings are subject to damage due to environmental issues, structural loadings among other variables, which justifies the need for a good management and maintenance system, according to Fernández-Mora [ 1 ]. Thus, they need constant and periodic inspections, so that actions or interventions, punctual or more general, are programmed and carried out, in order to extend their useful life and, logically, to ensure the safety of users and the purpose of using the building. Such actions are fundamental to prevent simpler pathologies from evolving to more serious and, consequently, more expensive and complex problems to be circumvented. To this end, it is essential to have the necessary information to provide the appropriate support to carry out the planning of the maintenance process. However, there are some common problems with regard to planning preventive maintenance of existing buildings. Among the most common problems in the maintenance process of existing buildings, we highlight the absence of documented and updated projects through specialized software. In most cases the existing documentation has been lost or stored in formats incompatible with more current methodologies, such as BIM – Building Information Modeling, or even in physical documents, such as printed or hand-made plans. As Canuto [ 2 ] points out, other complexities associated to this problems are limitations related to legislation or even due to the costly process of rescuing the necessary information that may be dispersed or lost. Thus, the importance of improving the documentation of projects using the BIM methodology is justified, given the importance of good documentation in the maintenance planning process. In addition to the problems in obtaining project information, older buildings suffer from the loss of maintenance data or even inspections carried out over time, a factor that makes it difficult to manage the asset. Therefore, an alternative is presented that integrates the interoperability of the BIM process in line with Facility Management (FM) concepts, focusing on the collection, recording and storage of the data for planned or eventual inspections, considering it is an important stage of the planning process of maintenance of existing assets. Araújo et al. [ 3 ] and Olin et al. [ 4 ] already explained that the BIM platform demonstrates advantages in various phases of design, throughout its life cycle, including the maintenance stages. Following the same logic, Motawa et al . [ 5 ] highlight that the BIM methodology has the potential to bring advances and transform the way of dealing with the operation and maintenance phase in civil construction. Moreover, according to Timafejn [ 6 ], the absence of good maintenance planning can bring several consequences for the building, such as the devaluation of the property, pathological manifestations, impairment of user safety or reduction of the useful life of the building. Barreto [ 7 ] argues that maintenance is a process that covers a set of actions that aim to maintain within a certain standard of acceptability the conditions of certain installations. This reinforces the priority that should be attributed to this stage of the project cycle. In this sense, a good maintenance planning is indispensable, since it is an essential process for all types of buildings and this depends on the proper functioning and longevity of the heritage. Thus, studies addressing BIM technology in the spectrum of the management and maintenance phase of existing buildings are extremely important. The dissemination of innovation and technological expansion in the most diverse areas requires professionals to adapt to use technologies for the success of any enterprise. In civil construction it does not differ; it is indispensable the constant search for the optimization of processes in all phases of the project, so that the maximum potential and useful life of the building can be explored. However, the use of BIM for Facility Management is still under development and research in this area, although growing, were still in early stages in 2018 [ 8 ]. A substantial and frequently cited impediment is the interoperability of the methodology [ 9 ]. This demonstrates that there is a demand for studies that seek to explore the applicants of this characteristic of the BIM platform, especially in agreement with FM concepts. From this perspective, the present work presents a methodology to improve the process of documentation of visual inspection records of the structural elements of a building over time, aiming to optimize and facilitate the maintenance planning of existing assets, from the perspective of BIM methodology and facility management concepts, with the objective of also contributing to the management of assets from the storage of important information in the process of maintaining the building, by integrating data stored online with the as-built model of the heritage, so as to mitigate the loss of inspection and maintenance data over time and make use of the possibilities offered by the BIM use in the maintenance phase. Theoretical Foundation And Bibliographic Review BIM The BIM methodology emerged in the late 1980s at Princeton University, when architect Jerry Laiserin started the International Alliance for Interoperability (IAI), an organization that aimed to improve the exchange of information between software used in construction. Eastman et al. [ 10 ] define BIM as a modeling technology and a construction process that allows professionals to operate seamlessly on a model representation platform. This allows the production process of the construction sector to be optimized when the potentials of the BIM methodology are used correctly. Campestrini et al. [ 11 ] argue that BIM models are the key to the BIM methodology being used successfully, as they provide the data necessary for different work teams to create solutions collaboratively, which strongly assists decision-making. In terms of scope, one can highlight the essence of BIM in process, model and collaboration fundamentals. The acronym BIM brings with it several concepts that can be explored within the construction sector. "M', for example, is associated with three concepts: Model, Modeling, and Management: Building Information Model : Digital description with three-dimensional visualization of the information of the work built or to be built. Building Information Modeling : Integration of the 3D model (model) with information and physical data, of building performance. The product is a model containing information about various stages and life cycle of the work . Building Information Management : It is the collaborative integration of all construction process management data, facilities and organization of the process of exchange, documentation and storage of information pertinent to the building lifecycle [ 12 ]. Interoperability For Facility Management According to Sacks et al. [ 13 ] interoperability represents the need to exchange information without data loss in sharing, enabling better collaboration between multiple professionals and softwares. One of the formats that enables such functionality is IFC (Industry Foundation Classes), which is one of the model standards of project data in construction and presents applications in the planning, design, construction and management of buildings. This pattern allows one to export geometry, relationships, and other parameters and properties that are assigned in the modeling process. This enables increasingly smoother workflows, eliminating needs to reshape the project whenever it is necessary to go through different work fronts, enhancing collaboration between teams. Taking advantage of this technology can bring many possibilities in the maintenance planning process of existing buildings and inherent to each software, because the tools of optimization of work and efficient exchange of information are multiplied at all stages of the project. According to Reis [ 14 ], BIM technology is a powerful tool for data visualization and management of building elements when applied to the management of operations and maintenance. Facility Management, in one of its interpretations, can be associated with the search for integration with external tools, such as the interlocution of different phases of the life cycle of the enterprise. Interoperability is a key factor in this search, as it allows enriching the management process of the building facilities, providing important data especially in the use and maintenance phase. Inspection And Maintenance Of Buildings Maintenance is one of the most important steps to ensure longevity and enhance the quality of a building's facilities. In other words, preventive and corrective maintenance are fundamental measures to achieve the useful life of the enterprise, because this depends on the identification, control and treatment of pathological manifestations [ 15 ]. Maintenance is a process that covers a set of actions that aim to maintain within a certain standard of acceptability the conditions of certain installations [ 7 ]. One of the ways to have the necessary support to safely maintain the structure of a building is to perform inspections periodically. This good practice is essential for the better management and control of the enterprise. "Building inspection is a process that aims to assist in the management of the building and, when carried out on a regular basis, contributes to the mitigation of technical and economic risks associated with loss of performance" [ 16 ]. It is indisputable that inspection allows the mapping and identification of problems in the building. This allows timely planning to intervene in the identified issues and thus prevent constructive anomalies from evolving to stages that will bring more damage to the building. There are several techniques of conducting inspections in construction systems, so that the conservation status of the building elements is evaluated. One can mention some of the types of maintenance, such as preventive, predictive and corrective: Preventive : characterized by services whose realization is planned in advance, based on observations and studies and inspections carried out previously [ 17 , 18 ]. Predictive : Bolina et al [ 19 ] state that this type of maintenance is based on the monitoring of parameters and performance of the elements observed continuously and is elaborated in a systematized way, requiring a thorough analysis of the results collected over time, through inspections and other methods, for the decision. Corrective : when immediate intervention is necessary in order to continue the use of the building or even to avoid greater risks or property losses to users [ 17 , 18 ]. According to Helene [ 18 ] and Thomaz [ 20 ], pathological problems can evolve and worsen over time, besides causing other pathologies in structural elements, that is, the sooner one intervenes, the easier and more economical the correction will be. This corroborates with the fact that maintenance costs follow a geometric progression of ratio equal to five, as shown in Fig. 2. Destructive or non-destructive testing are common ways of doing inspections in the construction sector. According to Gil et al. [ 21 ] visual inspection is a preliminary procedure for identifying threats of damage, by verifying the interior and exterior of the building, and recording with images the perception of the professional responsible for the analysis. Visual inspection can be divided into direct, when it can or cannot be performed with auxiliary equipment support (magnifying glass, for example) and indirect, when using artificial visual resources for the inspection of the part. To avoid further damage, it is important that periodic inspections be carried out, so as to enable the planning of preventive maintenance and, thus, avoid the need to carry out a corrective intervention in the building, which usually requires a higher cost among other issues. Methodology Maintenance is one of the most important steps to ensure longevity and enhance the quality of the facilities of a building. Barreto [7] argues that maintenance is a process that covers a set of actions that aim to maintain within a certain standard of acceptability the conditions of certain installations. For this, this research used the resources available in the BIM methodology for project documentation, there is a view to the potential and ease of updating the models and boards in an automated and fast way, when or if there is a need to partially or completely reform the building, thus enabling greater agility in the planning of reforms and maintenance. The as-built structural design, part of the present study, can be read in several software, of the same or different work discipline, such as Robot, Revit, Navisworks Manage, TQS, among others, through the IFC model. This enhances workflow optimization expectations in the industry and makes it easier to store information. Therefore, by getting the as-built of the IFC building, you can link the formatted inspection sheets in the online worksheet, directly with the 3D model in Navisworks Manage, thus allowing the creation of labels on each structural element inspected. Thus, in addition to ensuring the future availability of data in spreadsheets, it allows this data to be easily accessed from the 3D model itself, adding efforts in the attempt to optimize the documentation of the data as well as in the process of planning future maintenance effectively and accurately. Finally, a mapping of pathologies is presented, indicating them in 2D boards. Similarly, it is essential that the information collected is gathered and presented from graphic or color subtitles [22]. It is indisputable that this action accentuates the informative nature of the documentation of the projects in the tangible issues to the planning of maintenance of the existing heritage. It is noteworthy that all project disciplines are susceptible to the application and use of the properties inherent to the BIM methodology in each of the stages of the project and, with adaptations peculiar to each discipline, the application also of the method presented here. It is worth mentioning that this paper specifically analyzes the organization and documentation of the history of surveys, for better management of data focused on future structural maintenance in existing buildings. In addition, it is limited to optimizing tangible issues in the maintenance planning process, where visual inspections will support engineering teams to make decisions related to the application of tests or intervention procedures in the structure, whether punctual or planned. The flowchart shown in Figure 3 presents the phases of the process described, briefly. As-built, collection and processing of inspection data To carry out the as-built of an old building, depending on the degree of preservation of the information, it may be necessary a costly search for information, plans, constructive details and history of changes that have been lost over time. Such information can be sought in academic articles of other studies, documents and journals, among other options. In some cases, it may be necessary to collect the data manually, at the risk of obtaining a design that is unfaithful to the actual dimensions of the building. This step is one of the most important, because this depends on the quality of the documentation performed for other stages of the maintenance process. In possession of the data, the next step is to perform the modeling and documentation in BIM methodology software, to enable the generation of an IFC file and later the interlocution of the model and the data collected in the inspection, through Navisworks Manage. Next, a survey is carried out for data collection. There are several ways to survey a structure, from visual inspection to periodic tests of specimens. Usually a visual inspection will define the need for testing, being the case of the present study. This type of inspection is a preliminary analysis and provides the necessary support to plan the next steps in the intervention process. In order to avoid the loss of information annotated in sheets during the survey, an online form is used, elaborated for this step, where the user can register in advance all the structural elements of the building (or those already mapped in an eventual mapping visit) and carry out the survey of the information he deems necessary. This data will go to online spreadsheets that are stored in the cloud, thus ensuring the preservation of this information. One can sort by type of element (pillar, slab, strap, beam, etc.) and then ask the user to select exactly which structural element will be inspected, in real time, and from this sequence, register the data of the element observed in inspection sheets (photograph, identified pathology, intervention priority, type of intervention, if there is a need for tests, etc.), as it deems necessary. Each situation requires one type of inspection sheet. Figure 4 shows an example of an inspection form for the identification of anomalies performed by Sales [23] in a similar study. There are numerous online forms with free services. For the validation of this method, the free versions of most of them proved to be sufficient. Google's forms tool - Google Forms - was chosen for presenting more space available for data storage, since for this method it is essential to record photos of the visual inspection performed on site, in addition to the storage of spreadsheets. Figure 5 shows the form created for this study. It is important to previously visit the building for mapping and possible marking of the structural elements to be analyzed, even before the visual inspection visit. During the collection, the professional must access the form and report individually each element observed (previously identified) and its respective pathology or observation/comment. There are several possibilities for configuring a Google Form, depending only on the intrinsic needs in each case. Before the inspection visit, it is important to identify on site, as seen on Figure 6, or by electronic model, all the elements that will be inspected in order to facilitate the collection during the inspection visit with the electronic form. 'It will certainly be necessary to make adjustments for better disposition and classification of the information collected. It is important that spreadsheets with data, links to photos, comments and other information are organized and easy to analyze a posteriori. The professional can program the worksheet to filter the data for each structural element directly to an individual inspection sheet model, as shown in Figure 5, which will later be connected to the respective element in the 3D model. It is essential to make a legend of pathologies, to improve the disposition of information on the 2D board. Figure 5 shows an example used in a study of damage map adaptation for historic buildings, developed by Rocha et al. [24] in a Case Study of the Carmo Church in Olinda PE. In addition, it is important to create acronyms to indicate pathologies in the 3D model of Navisworks, in order to make the model less polluted, visually, without losing the informative power. Table 1. Example of generating pathology codes for Figure 7 to label the elements of the 3D model. Acronym Description DSG_G Granular disaggregation PTT Pitting LAKE Section Loss/Gaps A_TER Termite attack DSG_MD Degraded wood Linking external information with the 3D model In possession of the BIM model of the framework, you must save an IFC version to continue the process in the Navisworks Manage software (Figure 8). Any BIM software that has interoperability through the IFC format can be used, to examples of Revit, Robot, TQS, Eberick, among others, within its limitations and design specificities. It is important to note that Revit, in addition to allowing export IFC file, has direct interoperability with Navisworks Manage through the NWC format, and therefore it is not necessary to save in IFC for integration, which justifies being the ideal software for the documentation of this specific project. From the 3D model and the spreadsheet of data collected in loco already treated, you must use the Navisworks Manage software to associate each of the inspection sheets with its respective element of the 3D model. This makes the process more dynamic and fluid, because when opening the model the user can immediately visit the inspection sheet of each structural part that presents survey data with all the information that is available. After saving the IFC file and opening in Navisworks Manage, simply select the desired part and, after right-clicking, add the link that directs you to the region of the worksheet that holds the previously registered sheet, as shown in Figures 9 and 10. In order for the link to go straight to a particular region of the online spreadsheet, you can generate a link to a selection of Excel cells. The chosen name will be displayed in the 3D model, on the position of the selected point, clicking on "Add" and selecting any point on the structural element in question. It is recommended that the name assigned to the link be the element and pathology code identified on inspection, to make 3D project analysis more dynamic and visually informative. This view requires choosing the "Label" category. To do so, simply select this region of the worksheet and generate a link to the range, as shown in Figure 11, and paste into the space into the dialog box, as shown in Figure 10. Finally, the points observed in the field with the indication of pathological observations should be mapped on the 2D boards, as shown in the next topic. This facilitates the process of study and planning future interventions. For the full functioning of maintenance planning processes, it is essential to follow up and manage information. Note that a table has also been created that brings the pathologies summarized in acronyms/codes, to improve the presentation of the data in the 3D model. Thus, it is important that the professional responsible for the management of the heritage prioritize the documentation of the projects of the building using the BIM platform, so that the proposed methodology is subsequently applied. Whenever an inspection or maintenance is carried out, the manager can register and link with a new copy or version of the 3D model, documenting all records over time, facilitating future maintenance planning. Results And Discussions To exemplify and apply the methodology described, the SG-12 building was used (Figure , located at the University of Brasília, Darcy Ribeiro campus. The building was built with precast reinforced concrete structure, like the vast majority of university buildings from the same period. For the case under study, a building built in the 1960´s, the project information was one of the first difficulties encountered for the modeling phase. Some information could be found in the Acropolis Journal [1], in addition to academic articles such as Souza et al. [25], shown in Figure 13, in addition to information about other dimensions of structural elements. On-site measures were also needed to determine essential information for the correct documentation and modeling of the building. As a result of the research required for the modeling of the building and consequent application of the described method, the as-built of the SG-12 was obtained, presented (the 3D model) in Figure 14. It is important to note that finding and organizing the information necessary for the elaboration of as-built is a determining factor in the success of modeling and should receive due attention. At this stage it was possible to verify the need to disseminate the techniques used in this project to promote, facilitate air and make increasingly feasible the documentation and storage of data that are essential in the maintenance planning process of existing buildings. Thus, one can mitigate the deficiency of the main problems encountered during this process. After the survey of information and modeling of the structure, an electronic form was elaborated that allowed the recording of the information that was collected in the on-site survey, following the recommendations described on the preview section. Naturally, the information to be collected is at the discretion of the technical engineering team. To exemplify this step, the electronic form was elaborated in such a way as to classify and organize the information following the flow shown in Figure 15. Then, data were collected. Simultaneously, the data was automatically stored in online spreadsheets (on the drive) from the form. They were then treated in such a way as to allow the recording of structural elements to be presented separately, in factsheets, as shown in Figure 16. Depending on how the form is organized and automated, the work of data processing can be reduced, so it is one of the most important steps to ensure good storage and registration of information. After linking all the intervals corresponding to the maintenance sheets to each respective structural element of the 3D model, as explained earlier, the visualization of the 3D model in Navisworks Manage looks like Figure 17. The color of the elements was changed (from one of the features of Navisworks) according to the degree of priority of intervention, collected from the form and provided in the inspection form, with three colors referring to the three levels of intervention priority: urgency, medium and minimum priority, the colors being red, yellow and green, respectively. Finally, 2D projects (Figures 18) are generated with the indication of the problems identified in the field about the elements, to improve the recording of information and planning of maintenance and treatment of pathologies. Here it is essential to make available the legend of pathologies, as discussed , to make the consultation easy, clear and objective (Figure 19). When analyzing all the stages of the research up to the results obtained with the application of the proposed method, it is evident the dimension of the difficulties intrinsic to the maintenance planning process, which greatly hinders this stage of the life cycle of the buildings. Thus, following the procedure shown, one can increase the speed and accuracy of the process, besides providing the availability of essential information for the good management of existing assets, reinforcing, finally, the importance of each step, from the mining of data to the correct modeling to the results and final details, such as cloud storage with link of the information collected with the three-dimensional model, as presented. This methodology makes the FM process more integrated with BIM technology. According to Durdyev et al. [26], the increased application of BIM to FM will have positive implications for the future of the FM industry. Conclusions The difficulties added to the efforts required to extend the useful life of existing assets is an indisputable fact. The methodology proposed in this work presented an efficient tool in the phase of use, operation and maintenance of existing buildings, from the resources of BIM technology, specifically within BIM 7D - Maintenance and management of the building. Navisworks Manage software stands out in this method as a great alternative for information visualization and management, taking advantage of the interoperability inherent in the BIM process through IFC. In addition to enabling the link with the external documents, one can "walk" through the project and check each pillar, beam and other elements and access the spreadsheet linked to the 3D model and also access the information of each element directly and individually. The dialogue with Revit is complete, including allowing the non-use of IFC files to ensure the export and application of the presented process. Thus, the conclusions regarding the structural maintenance planning process are satisfactory, with the application of the workflow detailed in this study, it is possible to provide the use of BIM system mechanisms at this stage of the project, making it more accurate and dynamic, in addition to improving workflow and information documentation during the intervention. Moreover, it allows greater control of inspection and maintenance records over time and, thus, allows a better process of planning future interventions, as it allows to do it in a practical way, since the data can be included and stored from any smartphone or tablet that has access to the Internet, in the possession of the professional during the inspection . As already mentioned, Timafejn [ 6 ] explains that the absence of good maintenance planning can have consequences for the building. Such consequences can be avoided by using a preventive method that favors and provides essential information for future maintenance. Another favorable agent is the ease and security of data stored in real time in online spreadsheets, ensuring the recording of information in an accessible and integrated way, which can be used in planning and reform processes over time. Finally, this proposal can be adapted and reproduced for application in the said stage in other design disciplines, such as architecture and complementary designs. Declarations Funding The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript. Competing Interests The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. Author Contributions All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Kinderman de Araújo Vilanova and Leonardo da Silveira Pirillo Inojosa. 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Manual dand Inspection and Maintenance of the Mother Church dand Rio Tinto. Master's thesis in Civil Engineering. Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Portugal. Rocha, E. A.; Macedo, J.V.S.; Belt, P. Y Monteiro, E. C. B. (2020). Adaptation of damage map for historic buildings with pathological problems: Case Study of the Carmo Church in Olinda PE. Rev. Alconpat [online]. 2018, vol.8, n.1, pp.51-63. June 2020. Souza, S. M.; Luis, C. P. P. (2019). Analysis of the Structural Behavior of the Roof Beams of building SG-12 of the University of Brasília, Brazil Durdyev, S.; Ashour, M.; Connelly, S.; Mahdiyar, A. Barriers to the implementation of Building Information Modelling (BIM) for facility management. Journal of Building Engineering, Volume 46, 2022. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 16 May, 2023 Read the published version in Journal of Building Pathology and Rehabilitation → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Major revision 23 Apr, 2023 Reviews received at journal 17 Mar, 2023 Reviewers agreed at journal 09 Mar, 2023 Reviewers invited by journal 26 Feb, 2023 Editor assigned by journal 26 Feb, 2023 Submission checks completed at journal 23 Feb, 2023 First submitted to journal 15 Feb, 2023 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-2592685","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":178526725,"identity":"a1f682da-4901-40a9-82c9-c49504dcc74d","order_by":0,"name":"Leonardo da Silveira Pirillo Inojosa","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAu0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACPgbGBgYGHiCLvYGBmYHhAGEtbHAtPAeI1gIDEgnEamFvbnvwQcbGnn/mG7PHBQx38glr4TnYbjiDJy1xxu0cc+MZDM8sGwhqkUhsk+bhOZzAcDvHTJqH4bABYVvkH4K12MvfPEOsFglGsBbGDTd4iNXCk9gmCfLLxjNpZdIzDJ4R1sLPfvyZxMceG3u544e3SRdU3CGsBQwYe2AsIjUAwQ+iVY6CUTAKRsFIBAAU/zSvk0vNBwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"University of Brasília","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Leonardo","middleName":"da Silveira Pirillo","lastName":"Inojosa","suffix":""},{"id":178526728,"identity":"4deea70f-acbd-48dc-a73d-e9502a7d81a7","order_by":1,"name":"Kinderman de Araújo Vilanova","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Brasília","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kinderman","middleName":"de Araújo","lastName":"Vilanova","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2023-02-16 02:29:14","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2592685/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2592685/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41024-023-00292-4","type":"published","date":"2023-05-16T20:50:48+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":33525240,"identity":"d0447028-8b5e-4f72-bb54-0a630958b7dc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-02-27 23:54:08","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":191820,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eRepresentative figure of the information flow during the use of a BIM application (BUILDING SMART).\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2592685/v1/176dd91760009858b986cde2.png"},{"id":33524675,"identity":"7658ecc8-3c1c-43a9-a9eb-ddf1a30639fd","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-02-27 23:30:08","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":110439,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eGraph of relative cost as a function of time, relating the stages of work, including maintenance [18].\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2592685/v1/a6d84109b530291e46dab650.png"},{"id":33524674,"identity":"69c03e5a-1126-45b9-a2ad-d97e456c7f2d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-02-27 23:30:08","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":16291,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eFlowchart of the workflow phases of the methodology presented\u003cbr\u003e\n Source: Authors (2022)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2592685/v1/a12c6c95d2b103678d23b3c4.png"},{"id":33525011,"identity":"ad782430-4981-4b00-8d39-8c44af4467f6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-02-27 23:38:08","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":230146,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eModel of inspection form that can be elaborated for recording data collected via electronic form. Source: Sales [23]\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2592685/v1/71446e9c3c5ff59b8b65f3c2.png"},{"id":33524677,"identity":"4546c4da-419b-436c-9c9a-686a8a22fb32","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-02-27 23:30:08","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":147185,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eInterface of the homepage of the google form designed for visual inspection of the structure of the SG-12\u003cbr\u003e\nSource: Authors (2022)\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2592685/v1/7631b54b3640642e7ba7cb59.png"},{"id":33525228,"identity":"44d32a13-4e05-4d2c-889e-11f3cd5cfb3f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-02-27 23:46:08","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":495176,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eIdentification label of the pillar and its dimensions (P8 25/70) according to as-built\u003cbr\u003e\n Source: Author (2022)\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2592685/v1/7b6e59f93bb3ec372032a768.png"},{"id":33525010,"identity":"8fd5dd4d-dde5-4ef2-a086-28e550bc0bef","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-02-27 23:38:08","extension":"png","order_by":7,"title":"Figure 7","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":19370,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eExample of legend elaborated for mapping damage to existing heritage\u003cbr\u003e\n Source: Adapted from Rocha [24]\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2592685/v1/89269c3f7a742fea73b2ddbc.png"},{"id":33524682,"identity":"cca4aa0a-fb9d-40df-9c0e-1d7afd65fb46","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-02-27 23:30:08","extension":"png","order_by":8,"title":"Figure 8","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":177931,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eScreenshot of the path to save the IFC file from Revit software\u003cbr\u003e\n Source: Authors\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2592685/v1/70641965acb6461c7d119e92.png"},{"id":33525233,"identity":"4bfadfa6-14ef-46db-a166-9772893ea21d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-02-27 23:46:08","extension":"png","order_by":9,"title":"Figure 9","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":92084,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eScreenshot of the path to add an external link to a three-dimensional element of Navisworks Manage 2022\u003cbr\u003e\n Source: Author (2022)\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage9.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2592685/v1/0c820989c2ccde0fe68d2b95.png"},{"id":33524679,"identity":"22bda2ca-b2a7-4ddc-b1a5-d9c18e326958","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-02-27 23:30:08","extension":"png","order_by":10,"title":"Figure 10","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":53332,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eDialog screenshot to set up the link for the 3D element in Navisworks Manage 2022\u003cbr\u003e\nSource: Author (2022)\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage10.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2592685/v1/300bd9b960d5d96e660859a5.png"},{"id":33525242,"identity":"0327b86a-3a45-44f4-a307-85f412e1e005","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-02-27 23:54:08","extension":"png","order_by":11,"title":"Figure 11","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":235298,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eScreenshot of the path to generate the link to a specific region of the online spreadsheet\u003cbr\u003e\nSource: Autores (2022)\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage11.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2592685/v1/d88c015448dce1dffc968e91.png"},{"id":33525020,"identity":"22399dff-3691-459a-9fc8-8e7cc5716619","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-02-27 23:38:08","extension":"png","order_by":12,"title":"Figure 12","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":1157522,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eGeneral Services Shed, SG-12, University of Brasilia\u003cbr\u003e\nSource: Authors (2021)\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage12.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2592685/v1/e984fbfe2e5d1697c1cd5059.png"},{"id":33525016,"identity":"3cccc1d5-12b8-418b-b671-8b1c9d0cd119","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-02-27 23:38:08","extension":"png","order_by":13,"title":"Figure 13","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":249908,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eCover shape plan, highlighted in red of the position of the sg-12 trainers\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSource: Souza [25]\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage13.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2592685/v1/15e5274406a9be9e66ed899d.png"},{"id":33524692,"identity":"85f9cb71-2eda-429d-bfe2-50f65a8b2403","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-02-27 23:30:09","extension":"png","order_by":14,"title":"Figure 14","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":183653,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003ePrint of the structural model modeled in Revit software\u003cbr\u003e\n Source: Authors\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage14.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2592685/v1/e0af45166ea41fbb2c7d9aae.png"},{"id":33524680,"identity":"ee413267-decf-4ebb-9e98-5bda21e55d6b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-02-27 23:30:08","extension":"png","order_by":15,"title":"Figure 15","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":10630,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eFlowchart referring to data collection in visual inspection via Google form. \u003cbr\u003e\n Source: Authors\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage15.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2592685/v1/b98b365d664b6a8e2c3baae3.png"},{"id":33525229,"identity":"6ba6b99c-d0f1-47b2-8857-d0954fedf942","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-02-27 23:46:08","extension":"png","order_by":16,"title":"Figure 16","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":125958,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eIndividual registration form, drawn up for pillar 1 (P1)\u003cbr\u003e\n Source: Autores (2022)\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage16.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2592685/v1/1f3593ecdb0527d825dd0c64.png"},{"id":33525013,"identity":"027e1c94-d04a-4e79-b212-fbe49ce22d36","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-02-27 23:38:08","extension":"png","order_by":17,"title":"Figure 17","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":55778,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003ePrint the screen with shaded preview mode, allowing the highlight of the elements depending on the color of the intervention priority, as shown in figure 9. \u003cbr\u003e\n Source: Autores (2022)\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage17.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2592685/v1/b26c56da15237e22c7e4bf00.png"},{"id":33525412,"identity":"20c8f191-45f8-4bbf-bab3-bf68bd42a401","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-02-28 00:02:08","extension":"png","order_by":18,"title":"Figure 18","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":49623,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eScreenshot d and part of the 2D plank performed in Revit, mapping the pathologies identified by labels for each element surveyed\u003cbr\u003e\nSource: Autor (2022)\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage18.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2592685/v1/1e90d8f9ecebb0b0308d80b3.png"},{"id":33524687,"identity":"1d47df1d-5708-4f32-a185-874dc9bad942","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-02-27 23:30:08","extension":"png","order_by":19,"title":"Figure 19","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":29699,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eLegend of the indications of pathologies in 2D\u003cbr\u003e\n board Source: Autores (2022)\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage19.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2592685/v1/658f4c42db4971fc5d6828b0.png"},{"id":44729318,"identity":"f4b4ae50-c9c6-4895-9c92-508d6f5636b1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-10-16 21:14:51","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":4438488,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2592685/v1/4e79bd74-db15-491f-935d-5fc551ae87a4.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"BIM Interoperability in the Maintenance Planning Process for Existing Buildings","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eHistoric buildings or old buildings are subject to damage due to environmental issues, structural loadings among other variables, which justifies the need for a good management and maintenance system, according to Fern\u0026aacute;ndez-Mora [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]. Thus, they need constant and periodic inspections, so that actions or interventions, punctual or more general, are programmed and carried out, in order to extend their useful life and, logically, to ensure the safety of users and the purpose of using the building. Such actions are fundamental to prevent simpler pathologies from evolving to more serious and, consequently, more expensive and complex problems to be circumvented. To this end, it is essential to have the necessary information to provide the appropriate support to carry out the planning of the maintenance process.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHowever, there are some common problems with regard to planning preventive maintenance of existing buildings. Among the most common problems in the maintenance process of existing buildings, we highlight the absence of documented and updated projects through specialized software. In most cases the existing documentation has been lost or stored in formats incompatible with more current methodologies, such as BIM \u0026ndash; Building Information Modeling, or even in physical documents, such as printed or hand-made plans. As Canuto [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e] points out, other complexities associated to this problems are limitations related to legislation or even due to the costly process of rescuing the necessary information that may be dispersed or lost. Thus, the importance of improving the documentation of projects using the BIM methodology is justified, given the importance of good documentation in the maintenance planning process.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn addition to the problems in obtaining project information, older buildings suffer from the loss of maintenance data or even inspections carried out over time, a factor that makes it difficult to manage the asset. Therefore, an alternative is presented that integrates the interoperability of the BIM process in line with \u003cem\u003eFacility Management (FM)\u003c/em\u003e concepts, focusing on the collection, recording and storage of the data for planned or eventual inspections, considering it is an important stage of the planning process of maintenance of existing assets. Ara\u0026uacute;jo et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e] and Olin \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e] already explained that the BIM platform demonstrates advantages in various phases of design, throughout its life cycle, including the maintenance stages. Following the same logic, Motawa \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e] highlight that the BIM methodology has the potential to bring advances and transform the way of dealing with the operation and maintenance phase in civil construction.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMoreover, according to Timafejn [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e], the absence of good maintenance planning can bring several consequences for the building, such as the devaluation of the property, pathological manifestations, impairment of user safety or reduction of the useful life of the building. Barreto [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e] argues that maintenance is a process that covers a set of actions that aim to maintain within a certain standard of acceptability the conditions of certain installations. This reinforces the priority that should be attributed to this stage of the project cycle. In this sense, a good maintenance planning is indispensable, since it is an essential process for all types of buildings and this depends on the proper functioning and longevity of the heritage.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThus, studies addressing BIM technology in the spectrum of the management and maintenance phase of existing buildings are extremely important. The dissemination of innovation and technological expansion in the most diverse areas requires professionals to adapt to use technologies for the success of any enterprise. In civil construction it does not differ; it is indispensable the constant search for the optimization of processes in all phases of the project, so that the maximum potential and useful life of the building can be explored.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHowever, the use of BIM for Facility Management is still under development and research in this area, although growing, were still in early stages in 2018 [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]. A substantial and frequently cited impediment is the interoperability of the methodology [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e]. This demonstrates that there is a demand for studies that seek to explore the applicants of this characteristic of the BIM platform, especially in agreement with FM concepts.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrom this perspective, the present work presents a methodology to improve the process of documentation of visual inspection records of the structural elements of a building over time, aiming to optimize and facilitate the maintenance planning of existing assets, from the perspective of BIM methodology and facility management concepts, with the objective of also contributing to the management of assets from the storage of important information in the process of maintaining the building, by integrating data stored online with the as-built model of the heritage, so as to mitigate the loss of inspection and maintenance data over time and make use of the possibilities offered by the BIM use in the maintenance phase.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eTheoretical Foundation And Bibliographic Review\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBIM\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe BIM methodology emerged in the late 1980s at Princeton University, when architect Jerry Laiserin started the International Alliance for Interoperability (IAI), an organization that aimed to improve the exchange of information between software used in construction. Eastman et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e] define BIM as a modeling technology and a construction process that allows professionals to operate seamlessly on a model representation platform. This allows the production process of the construction sector to be optimized when the potentials of the BIM methodology are used correctly. Campestrini et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e] argue that BIM models are the key to the BIM methodology being used successfully, as they provide the data necessary for different work teams to create solutions collaboratively, which strongly assists decision-making.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn terms of scope, one can highlight the essence of BIM in process, model and collaboration fundamentals. The acronym BIM brings with it several concepts that can be explored within the construction sector. \"M', for example, is associated with three concepts: Model, Modeling, and Management:\u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBuilding Information Model\u003c/em\u003e: Digital description with three-dimensional visualization of the information of the work built or to be built.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBuilding Information Modeling\u003c/em\u003e: Integration of the 3D model (model) with information and physical data, of building performance. The product is a model containing information about various stages and life cycle of the work .\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBuilding Information Management\u003c/em\u003e: It is the collaborative integration of all construction process management data, facilities and organization of the process of exchange, documentation and storage of information pertinent to the building lifecycle [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eInteroperability For Facility Management\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Sacks et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e] interoperability represents the need to exchange information without data loss in sharing, enabling better collaboration between multiple professionals and softwares. One of the formats that enables such functionality is IFC (Industry Foundation Classes), which is one of the model standards of project data in construction and presents applications in the planning, design, construction and management of buildings. This pattern allows one to export geometry, relationships, and other parameters and properties that are assigned in the modeling process. This enables increasingly smoother workflows, eliminating needs to reshape the project whenever it is necessary to go through different work fronts, enhancing collaboration between teams.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTaking advantage of this technology can bring many possibilities in the maintenance planning process of existing buildings and inherent to each software, because the tools of optimization of work and efficient exchange of information are multiplied at all stages of the project. According to Reis [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e], BIM technology is a powerful tool for data visualization and management of building elements when applied to the management of operations and maintenance.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFacility Management, in one of its interpretations, can be associated with the search for integration with external tools, such as the interlocution of different phases of the life cycle of the enterprise. Interoperability is a key factor in this search, as it allows enriching the management process of the building facilities, providing important data especially in the use and maintenance phase.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eInspection And Maintenance Of Buildings\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaintenance is one of the most important steps to ensure longevity and enhance the quality of a building's facilities. In other words, preventive and corrective maintenance are fundamental measures to achieve the useful life of the enterprise, because this depends on the identification, control and treatment of pathological manifestations [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e]. Maintenance is a process that covers a set of actions that aim to maintain within a certain standard of acceptability the conditions of certain installations [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOne of the ways to have the necessary support to safely maintain the structure of a building is to perform inspections periodically. This good practice is essential for the better management and control of the enterprise. \"Building inspection is a process that aims to assist in the management of the building and, when carried out on a regular basis, contributes to the mitigation of technical and economic risks associated with loss of performance\" [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e]. It is indisputable that inspection allows the mapping and identification of problems in the building. This allows timely planning to intervene in the identified issues and thus prevent constructive anomalies from evolving to stages that will bring more damage to the building.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThere are several techniques of conducting inspections in construction systems, so that the conservation status of the building elements is evaluated. One can mention some of the types of maintenance, such as preventive, predictive and corrective:\u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePreventive\u003c/em\u003e: characterized by services whose realization is planned in advance, based on observations and studies and inspections carried out previously [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePredictive\u003c/em\u003e: Bolina et al [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e] state that this type of maintenance is based on the monitoring of parameters and performance of the elements observed continuously and is elaborated in a systematized way, requiring a thorough analysis of the results collected over time, through inspections and other methods, for the decision.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCorrective\u003c/em\u003e: when immediate intervention is necessary in order to continue the use of the building or even to avoid greater risks or property losses to users [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccording to Helene [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e] and Thomaz [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e], pathological problems can evolve and worsen over time, besides causing other pathologies in structural elements, that is, the sooner one intervenes, the easier and more economical the correction will be. This corroborates with the fact that maintenance costs follow a geometric progression of ratio equal to five, as shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;2.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDestructive or non-destructive testing are common ways of doing inspections in the construction sector. According to Gil et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e] visual inspection is a preliminary procedure for identifying threats of damage, by verifying the interior and exterior of the building, and recording with images the perception of the professional responsible for the analysis. Visual inspection can be divided into direct, when it can or cannot be performed with auxiliary equipment support (magnifying glass, for example) and indirect, when using artificial visual resources for the inspection of the part.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo avoid further damage, it is important that periodic inspections be carried out, so as to enable the planning of preventive maintenance and, thus, avoid the need to carry out a corrective intervention in the building, which usually requires a higher cost among other issues.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methodology","content":"\u003cp\u003eMaintenance is one of the most important steps to ensure longevity and enhance the quality of the facilities of a building. \u0026nbsp;Barreto [7] argues that maintenance is a process that covers a set of actions that aim to maintain within a certain standard of acceptability the conditions of certain installations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor this, this research used the resources available in the BIM \u0026nbsp; methodology for project documentation, there is a view to the potential and ease of updating the models and boards in an automated and fast way, when or if there is a need to partially or completely reform the building, thus enabling greater agility in the planning of reforms and maintenance.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe as-built structural design, part of the present study, can be read in several software, of the same or different work discipline, such as Robot, Revit, Navisworks Manage, TQS, among others, through the IFC model. This enhances workflow \u0026nbsp;optimization expectations in the industry and makes it easier to store information. Therefore, by getting the as-built of the IFC building, you can link the formatted inspection sheets in the online worksheet, directly with the 3D model in Navisworks Manage, thus allowing the creation of labels on each structural element inspected. \u0026nbsp;Thus, in addition to ensuring the future availability of data in spreadsheets, it allows this data to be easily accessed from the 3D model itself, adding efforts in the attempt to optimize the documentation of the data as well as in the process of planning future maintenance effectively and accurately.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFinally, a mapping of pathologies is presented, indicating them in 2D boards. Similarly, it is essential that the information collected is gathered and presented from graphic or color subtitles [22]. It is indisputable that this action accentuates the informative nature of the documentation of the projects in the tangible issues to the planning of maintenance of the existing heritage.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt is noteworthy that all project disciplines are susceptible to the application and use of the properties inherent to the BIM methodology in each of the stages of the project and, with adaptations peculiar to each discipline, the application also of the method presented here. It is worth mentioning that this paper specifically analyzes the organization and documentation of the history of surveys, for better management of data focused on future structural maintenance in existing buildings. In addition, it is limited to optimizing tangible issues in the maintenance planning process, where visual inspections will support engineering teams to make decisions related to the application of tests or intervention procedures in the structure, whether punctual or planned. \u0026nbsp;The flowchart shown in Figure 3 presents the phases of the process described, briefly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAs-built, collection and processing of inspection data\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo carry out the as-built of an old building, depending on the degree of preservation of the information, it may be necessary a costly search for information, plans, constructive details and history of changes that have been lost over time. Such information can be sought in academic articles of other studies, documents and journals, among other options. In some cases, it may be necessary to collect the data manually, at the risk of obtaining a design that is unfaithful to the actual dimensions of the building. This step is one of the most important, because this depends on the quality of the documentation performed for other stages of the maintenance process. In possession of the data, the next step is to perform the modeling and documentation in BIM methodology software, to enable the generation \u0026nbsp;of an IFC file and later the interlocution of the model and the data collected in the inspection, through Navisworks Manage.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNext, a survey is carried out for data collection. There are several ways to survey a structure, from visual inspection to periodic tests of specimens. Usually a visual inspection will define the need for testing, being the case of the present study. This type of inspection is a preliminary analysis and provides the necessary support to plan the next steps in the intervention process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn order to avoid the loss of information annotated in sheets during the survey, an online form is used, elaborated for this step, where the user can register in advance all the structural elements of the building (or those already mapped in an eventual mapping visit) and carry out the survey of the information he deems necessary. This data will go to online spreadsheets that are stored in the cloud, thus ensuring the preservation of this information. One can sort by type of element (pillar, slab, strap, beam, etc.) and then ask the user to select exactly which structural element will be inspected, in real time, and from this sequence, register the data of the element observed in inspection sheets (photograph, identified pathology, intervention priority, type of intervention, if there is a need for tests, \u0026nbsp; etc.), as it deems necessary. Each situation requires one type of inspection sheet. Figure 4 shows an example of an inspection form for the identification of anomalies performed by Sales [23] in a similar study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere are numerous online forms with free services. For the validation of this method, the free versions of most of them proved to be sufficient. Google's forms tool - Google Forms - was chosen for presenting \u0026nbsp;more space available for data storage, since for this method it is essential to record photos of the visual inspection performed on site, in addition to the storage of spreadsheets. Figure 5 shows the form created for this study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt is important to previously visit the building for mapping and possible marking of the structural elements to be analyzed, even before the visual inspection visit. During the collection, the professional must access the form and report individually each element observed (previously identified) and its respective pathology or observation/comment. There are several possibilities for configuring \u0026nbsp;a Google Form, depending only on the intrinsic needs in each case. \u0026nbsp;Before the inspection visit, it is important to identify on site, as seen on Figure 6, or by electronic model, all the elements that will be inspected in \u0026nbsp;order to facilitate the collection during the inspection visit with the electronic form.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e'It will certainly be necessary to make adjustments for better disposition and classification of the information collected. It is important that spreadsheets with data, links to photos, comments and other information are organized and easy to analyze a posteriori. The professional can program the worksheet to filter the data for each structural element directly to an individual inspection sheet model, as shown in Figure 5, which will later be connected to the respective element in the 3D model.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt is essential to make a legend of pathologies, to improve the disposition of information on the 2D board. \u0026nbsp;Figure 5 shows an example used in a study of damage map adaptation for historic buildings, developed by Rocha \u0026nbsp;et al. \u0026nbsp;[24] in a Case Study of the Carmo Church in Olinda PE.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition, it is important to create acronyms to indicate pathologies in \u0026nbsp;the 3D model of Navisworks, in order to make the model less polluted, visually, without losing the informative power.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 1. Example of generating \u0026nbsp;pathology codes for Figure 7 to label the elements of the 3D model.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\"\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd width=\"30.073349633251834%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcronym\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd width=\"69.92665036674816%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd width=\"30.073349633251834%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDSG_G\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd width=\"69.92665036674816%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGranular disaggregation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd width=\"30.073349633251834%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePTT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd width=\"69.92665036674816%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePitting\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd width=\"30.073349633251834%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLAKE\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd width=\"69.92665036674816%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSection Loss/Gaps\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd width=\"30.073349633251834%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA_TER\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd width=\"69.92665036674816%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTermite attack\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd width=\"30.073349633251834%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDSG_MD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd width=\"69.92665036674816%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDegraded wood\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLinking external information with the 3D model\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn possession of the BIM model of the framework, you must save an IFC version to continue the process in the Navisworks Manage software (Figure 8). Any BIM software that has interoperability through the IFC format can be used, to examples of Revit, Robot, TQS, Eberick, among others, within its limitations and design specificities. It is important to note that Revit, in addition to allowing export \u0026nbsp;IFC file, has direct interoperability with Navisworks Manage through the NWC format, and therefore it is not necessary to save in IFC for integration, which justifies being the ideal software for the documentation of this specific project.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFrom \u0026nbsp;the \u0026nbsp;3D model and the spreadsheet of data collected in loco already treated, you must use the Navisworks Manage software \u0026nbsp;to associate each of the inspection sheets with its respective element of the 3D model. This makes the process more dynamic and fluid, because when opening the model the user can immediately visit the inspection sheet of each structural part that presents survey data with all the information that is available. After saving the IFC file and opening in Navisworks Manage, simply select the desired part and, after right-clicking, add the link that directs you to the region of the worksheet that holds the previously registered sheet, as shown in \u0026nbsp;Figures 9 and 10.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn order for the link to go straight to a particular region of the online spreadsheet, you can generate a link to a selection of Excel cells. The chosen name will be displayed in the 3D model, on the position of the selected point, clicking on \"Add\" and selecting any point on the structural element in question. It is recommended that the name assigned to the link be the element and pathology code identified on inspection, to make 3D project analysis more dynamic and visually informative. This view requires choosing the \"Label\" category. \u0026nbsp;To do so, simply select this region of the worksheet and generate a link to the range, as shown in Figure 11, and \u0026nbsp;paste into the space into the dialog box, as \u0026nbsp;shown in Figure 10.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFinally, the points observed in the field with the indication of pathological observations should be mapped on the 2D boards, as shown in the next topic. \u0026nbsp;This facilitates the process of study and planning future interventions. For the full functioning of maintenance planning processes, it is essential to follow up and manage information. \u0026nbsp;Note that a table has also been created that brings the pathologies summarized in acronyms/codes, to improve the presentation of the data in the 3D model. \u0026nbsp; Thus, it is important that the professional responsible for the management of the heritage prioritize the documentation of the projects of the building using the BIM platform, so that the proposed methodology is subsequently applied. Whenever an inspection or maintenance is carried out, the manager can register and link with a new copy or version of the 3D model, documenting all records over time, facilitating future maintenance planning.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n"},{"header":"Results And Discussions","content":"\u003cp\u003eTo exemplify and apply the methodology described, the SG-12 building was used (Figure , located at the University of Brasília, Darcy Ribeiro campus. The building was built with precast reinforced concrete structure, like the vast majority of university buildings from the same period.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor the case under study, a building built in the 1960´s, the project information was one of the first difficulties encountered for the modeling phase. \u0026nbsp;Some information could be found in the Acropolis Journal [1], in addition to academic articles such as Souza et al. [25], shown in Figure 13, in addition to information about other dimensions of structural elements. On-site measures were also needed to determine essential information for the correct documentation and modeling of the building. As a result of the research required for the modeling of the building and consequent application of the described method, the as-built of the SG-12 was obtained, presented (the 3D model) in Figure 14. It is important to note that finding and organizing the information necessary for the elaboration of as-built is \u0026nbsp;a determining factor in the success of modeling and should receive due attention. At this stage it was possible to verify the need to disseminate the techniques used in this project to \u0026nbsp;promote, facilitate air \u0026nbsp;and make increasingly feasible the documentation and storage of data that are essential in the maintenance planning process of existing buildings. Thus, one can mitigate the deficiency of the main problems encountered during this process.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAfter the survey of information and modeling of the structure, an electronic form was elaborated that allowed the recording of the information that was collected in the on-site survey, following the recommendations described on the preview section. Naturally, the information to be collected is at the discretion of the technical engineering team. To exemplify this step, the electronic form was elaborated in such a way as to classify and organize the information following the flow shown in Figure 15.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThen, data were collected. Simultaneously, the data was automatically stored in online spreadsheets (on the drive) from the form. They were then treated in such a way as to allow the recording of structural elements to be presented separately, in factsheets, as shown in Figure 16. \u0026nbsp; Depending on how the form is organized and automated, the work of data processing can be reduced, so it is one of the most important steps to ensure good storage and registration of information.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAfter linking all the intervals corresponding to the maintenance sheets to each respective structural element of the 3D model, as explained earlier, the visualization of the 3D model in Navisworks Manage looks like Figure 17. The color of the elements was changed (from one of the features of Navisworks) according to the degree of priority of intervention, collected from the form and provided in the inspection form, with three colors referring to the three levels of intervention priority: urgency, medium and minimum priority, the colors being red, \u0026nbsp;yellow and green, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFinally, 2D projects (Figures 18) are generated with the indication of the problems identified in the field about the elements, to improve the recording of information and planning of maintenance and treatment of pathologies. \u0026nbsp;Here it is essential to make available the legend of pathologies, as discussed , to make the consultation easy, clear and objective (Figure 19).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhen analyzing all the stages of the research up to the results obtained with the application of the proposed method, it is evident the dimension of the difficulties intrinsic to the maintenance planning process, which greatly hinders this stage of the life cycle of the buildings. Thus, following the procedure shown, one can increase the speed and accuracy of the process, besides providing the availability of essential information for the good management of existing assets, reinforcing, finally, the importance of each step, from the mining of data to the correct modeling to the results and final details, such as cloud storage with link of the information collected with the three-dimensional model, as presented. \u0026nbsp;This methodology makes the FM process more integrated with BIM technology. According to Durdyev et al. [26], the increased application of BIM to FM will have positive implications for the future of the FM industry.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusions","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe difficulties added to the efforts required to extend the useful life of existing assets is an indisputable fact. The methodology proposed in this work presented an efficient tool in the phase of use, operation and maintenance of existing buildings, from the resources of BIM technology, specifically within BIM 7D - Maintenance and management of the building. Navisworks Manage software stands out in this method as a great alternative for information visualization and management, taking advantage of the interoperability inherent in the BIM process through IFC. In addition to enabling the link with the external documents, one can \"walk\" through the project and check each pillar, beam and other elements and access the spreadsheet linked to the 3D model and also access the information of each element directly and individually. The dialogue with Revit is complete, including allowing the non-use of IFC files to ensure the export and application of the presented process.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThus, the conclusions regarding the structural maintenance planning process are satisfactory, with the application of the workflow detailed in this study, it is possible to provide the use of BIM system mechanisms at this stage of the project, making it more accurate and dynamic, in addition to improving workflow and information documentation during the intervention. Moreover, it allows greater control of inspection and maintenance records over time and, thus, allows a better process of planning future interventions, as it allows to do it in a practical way, since the data can be included and stored from any smartphone or tablet that has access to the Internet, in the possession of the professional during the inspection .\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs already mentioned, Timafejn [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e] explains that the absence of good maintenance planning can have consequences for the building. Such consequences can be avoided by using a preventive method that favors and provides essential information for future maintenance. Another favorable agent is the ease and security of data stored in real time in online spreadsheets, ensuring the recording of information in an accessible and integrated way, which can be used in planning and reform processes over time. Finally, this proposal can be adapted and reproduced for application in the said stage in other design disciplines, such as architecture and complementary designs.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting Interests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor Contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Kinderman de Ara\u0026uacute;jo Vilanova and Leonardo da Silveira Pirillo Inojosa. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Kinderman de Ara\u0026uacute;jo Vilanova and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript, the final version was written and translated to English by Leonardo da Silveira Pirillo Inojosa. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFern\u0026aacute;ndez-Mora, V., Navarro, IJ, \u0026amp; Yepes, V. (2022). Integration of structural design in the BIM paradigm: A literature review. Journal of Building Engineering, 53, 104318. Acropolis, R. (1970). The structure of the University of Brasilia. Acropolis Magazine, S\u0026atilde;o Paulo, p. 40-45, January 1970.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCanuto, C. L. L. ; Moura, L. That\u0026apos;s a good one. from; Salty, M. S. (2016). Digital technologies and preservation of architectural heritage: exploring alternatives. PARC Research in Architecture and Construction, Campinas, SP, v. 7, n. 4, p. 252-264, Dec. 2016.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAra\u0026uacute;jo, T.; Hippert, M.A.; Abdalla, J. (2011). Guidelines for the elaboration of Maintenance Projects using BIM technology. 749-758. 10.4237/sbqp.11.277.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOlin, J.; Jylh\u0026auml;, T.; Junnila, S. (2012) Virtuality: What does it means for FM? International Conference On Facilities Management, Procurement Systems And Public Private Partnership, 2012, Cape Town. Proceedings. Cape Town: CIB, 2012. 20-26.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e[5[ Motawa, I.; Almarshad, A. (2013). A knowledge-based BIM system for building maintenance. Automation in Construction, 29, 173-182.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTimafejn, M. I. (2021). Building maintenance management: Definition of practices and tools based on applied concepts of industry 4.0 in civil construction. Course Completion Work. Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of S\u0026atilde;o Carlos, Brazil\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBarreto, E. M. dand M.; Ribeiro, C. C. ; Almeida, M.L.B. ; Bamberg, P.; Ribeiro, S.E.C. ; Oliveira, D. M. from. (2020). Study of interoperability of BIM systems through the IFC format. Revista Brasileira de Desenvolvimento, [S. l.], v. 6, n. 6, 2020.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePardis, Pishdad-Bozorgi, Xinghua Gao, Charles Eastman, Alonzo Patrick Self, Planning and developing facility management-enabled building information model (FM-enabled BIM), Automation in Construction, V. 87, 2018.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAhmed, Y.A., Shehzad, H.M.F., Khurshid, M.M., Abbas Hassan, O.H., Abdalla, S.A. and Alrefai, N. (2022), \u0026quot;Examining the effect of interoperability factors on building information modelling (BIM) adoption in Malaysia\u0026quot;, Construction Innovation, \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEastman, C.; Teicholz, P.; Sacks, R.; Liston, K. (2014). 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Elaboration Jos\u0026eacute; Hailon Gomide, Patr\u0026iacute;cia Reis da Silva, Sylvia Maria Nelo Braga. Bras\u0026iacute;lia, Brazil\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSales, P. M. S. (2018). Manual dand Inspection and Maintenance of the Mother Church dand Rio Tinto. Master\u0026apos;s thesis in Civil Engineering. Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Portugal.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRocha, E. A.; Macedo, J.V.S.; Belt, P. Y Monteiro, E. C. B. (2020). Adaptation of damage map for historic buildings with pathological problems: Case Study of the Carmo Church in Olinda PE. Rev. Alconpat [online]. 2018, vol.8, n.1, pp.51-63. June 2020.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSouza, S. M.; Luis, C. P. P. (2019). Analysis of the Structural Behavior of the Roof Beams of building SG-12 of the University of Bras\u0026iacute;lia, Brazil\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDurdyev, S.; Ashour, M.; Connelly, S.; Mahdiyar, A. Barriers to the implementation of Building Information Modelling (BIM) for facility management. Journal of Building Engineering, Volume 46, 2022.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-building-pathology-and-rehabilitation","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"bpar","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Building Pathology and Rehabilitation](http://link.springer.com/journal/41024)","snPcode":"41024","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/41024/3","title":"Journal of Building Pathology and Rehabilitation","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"BIM, Maintenance, Facility Management, Existing buildings, Interoperability","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2592685/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2592685/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eOne of the main difficulties inherent to the process of maintenance and management of existing assets is the lack of plans and project documents that allow a study and even an understanding of how the structure of the building works, in addition to the lack of records of the changes made that may have altered the structure of the heritage building over time. This makes it difficult to analyze interventions to treat possible problems that may evolve to more worrying pathologies and that put at risk the useful life of the property. Older buildings require more frequent inspections to carry out interventions that can extend their service life. Having all records of maintenance and inspections carried out is essential for better planning of future interventions. This work aims to develop a workflow methodology to facilitate the process of maintenance and management of existing buildings, uniting \u003cem\u003efacility management concepts\u003c/em\u003e and using BIM interoperability, through IFC (\u003cem\u003eIndustry Foundation Classes\u003c/em\u003e), integrated with online forms for collection and documentation of visual inspection data of the structure. To perform this dialogue, \u003cem\u003ethe Software Navisworks Manage 2022 was\u003c/em\u003e used \u0026nbsp;for the visualization and documentation of the 3D model referring to the as-built of the SG-12, part of the set of General Services Sheds of the University of Brasília, which besides being an old building and being in the process of being listed as cultural heritage, has undergone several changes over time. The methodology developed and the result of the documentation of the data are presented in detail.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"BIM Interoperability in the Maintenance Planning Process for Existing Buildings","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2023-02-27 23:30:03","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2592685/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Major revision","date":"2023-04-23T21:53:13+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2023-03-17T13:44:29+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"36758fde-6047-4ac9-934e-e86e3dc7def4","date":"2023-03-09T17:07:06+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2023-02-27T00:14:40+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2023-02-27T00:09:39+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2023-02-24T00:34:41+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Journal of Building Pathology and Rehabilitation","date":"2023-02-16T02:14:49+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-building-pathology-and-rehabilitation","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"bpar","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Building Pathology and Rehabilitation](http://link.springer.com/journal/41024)","snPcode":"41024","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/41024/3","title":"Journal of Building Pathology and Rehabilitation","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"20585165-6de1-44a2-98dc-f99f1faaa026","owner":[],"postedDate":"February 27th, 2023","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2023-10-16T21:04:12+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-2592685","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41024-023-00292-4","journal":{"identity":"journal-of-building-pathology-and-rehabilitation","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Journal of Building Pathology and Rehabilitation"},"publishedOn":"2023-05-16 20:50:48","publishedOnDateReadable":"May 16th, 2023"},"versionCreatedAt":"2023-02-27 23:30:03","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s41024-023-00292-4","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41024-023-00292-4","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-2592685","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-2592685","identity":"rs-2592685","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"WrCJVZZCHTDjtuVLN7oU0","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}