Anatomic association between the gastrocolic trunk of Henle and right colic artery by high-quality CT venography 

Anatomic association between the gastrocolic trunk of Henle and right colic artery by high-quality CT venography | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Anatomic association between the gastrocolic trunk of Henle and right colic artery by high-quality CT venography Xinzhe Zhao, Hongda Zhang, Hengyu Zhao, Decan Kong, Weijie Zeng, and 3 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4853520/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 30 Dec, 2024 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 11 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract In hepatic flexure and transverse colon cancer surgeries, mobilizing the right mesocolon and precisely dissecting the gastrocolic trunk of Henle (GTH) are crucial. Previous classifications of GTH tributaries do not guide radical right hemicolectomy due to post-procedural anatomical acquisition. This study analyzed vessel associations, including the middle colic vein (MCV) converging site, right colic artery (RCA) presence, and other GTH tributaries, using ultra-thin CT for reconstruction. GTH anatomy was categorized into medial and lateral types based on colic tributary convergence relative to ASPDV. Results showed the colic tributary joined GTH lateral to ASPDV in 45.81% and medial in 54.19% of cases. RCA presence was strongly linked to the lateral GTH type (56.76% vs. 43.24%, p < 0.001) when RCA was absent. MCV converged into the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) on the left side in 23.15% of cases, correlating with the right colic vein presence (odds ratio = 3.563, p = 0.007). This novel GTH variation pattern via high-level CT venography significantly correlates with RCA presence, aiding surgeons in anticipating GTH anatomy during laparoscopic radical right hemicolectomy. Health sciences/Anatomy Health sciences/Gastroenterology Health sciences/Medical research CT venography Anatomic variation Gastrocolic trunk of Henle Middle colic vein Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Introduction Within surgeries for cancer at hepatic flexure and transverse colon, mobilizing the right mesocolon and precisely dissecting the colonic tributary of gastrocolic trunk of Henle (GTH) were the key steps 1 – 4 . However, due to the thin wall and complex variation of GTH tributaries, inadvertent traction can result in life-threatening bleeding and poor lymph node harvest. Although classifications of GTH by tributary number and origin organs have been reported 5 – 8 , the tributary pattern cannot be reliably predicted before or during surgery. Therefore, further investigation into the association between GTH anatomy and surrounding anatomy is necessary to aid in real-time GTH anticipation and subsequent procedures. One of the tributaries of GTH, the accessory right colon vein (ARCV), is responsible for draining the blood flow from the hepatic flexure and upper ascending colon. During mesocolon separation from the head of the pancreas, the ARCV is the first vein to come under tension and lacks an accompanying artery for tension buffering, leading to a higher vulnerability than the other two tributaries 6 , 8 . Therefore, in this study, we focused mainly on the ARCV drainage as the primary variable for GTH pattern, rather than considering the three branches as a whole body. Although CT reconstruction has been proposed as a feasible method to investigate GTH anatomy in a large sample size, inconsistent results have been reported, particularly with regards to the anatomy of the anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal vein (ASPDV). This is mainly due to the challenge of capturing the peak scanning delay for portal vein reconstruction, which varies depending on the individual's gastrointestinal re-circulation speed 5 , 9 – 14 . In this study, we overcame this challenge by optimizing the scanning delay for portal vein enhancement, achieving an attenuation value of 300 HU sufficient for coronary and cranial reconstruction 15 , 16 . With this improved method, we focused on observing the variation of ARCV drainage within the GTH in a large sample size, aiming to develop a potential strategy to anticipate GTH anatomy during surgery. Results Baseline characteristics and high quality veno-graphy A total of 203 patients were enrolled in this study, with 113 males (55.7%) and 90 females (44.3%). The mean age was 56.49 ± 11.71 years (range 23-87 years). The average delay for the portal phase scanning was 46.35 ± 4.60 s. The attenuation values at the root of GTH, main trunk of portal vein, splenic vein, the portal-splenic vein junction, and middle third of ileocolic vein were 312.01 ± 47.25 HU, 286.53 ± 44.48 HU, 308.89 ± 56.42 HU, 311.54 ± 57.46 HU, and 272.08 ± 63.14 HU, respectively. These were similar to the level of coronary arterial reconstruction and much higher than previous GTH radiological studies (Table 1). Variations of GTH tributaries The average length of GTH was 8.84 ± 4.64 mm, and the average diameter was 5.69 ± 1.21 mm. GTH was 21.73 ± 6.70 mm above the inferior border of pancreas, and 44.59 ± 8.62 mm above duodenum. In 81.8% (166/203) of the cases (Table 2, Supplementary Table 1), GTH was the gastro-pancreato-colic trunk (GPCT), composed by RGEV, ASPDV and varied colic components. Specifically, the colic tributary was a single ARCV in 56.2% (114/203, Figure 1A), a single MCV in 3.5% (5/203), ARCV+RCV in 11.8% (24/203, Figure 1B), ARCV + MCV in 11.3% (23/203), ARCV + ICV in 1.5% (3/203), and ARCV + MCV + ICV in 0.5% (1/203, Figure 1C). In 16.3% (33/203) of the cases, GTH was the gastro-pancreatic trunk (GPT) formed by RGEV and ASPDV, without colic vessel (Figure 1D). In this subtype, the colic vein from right-sided colon drained into lateral (45.45%, 15/33) and medial .(54.55%, 18/33). GTH was not found in 4 patients that RGEV, ASPDV and ARCV separately joined SMV (Figure 1E). GTH classifications and its association analysis Since the colic vessel showed higher variation as illustrated above, ARCV drainage was classified into lateral type (lateral to ASPDV, Figure 2B and 2D) and medial type (medial to ASPDV, Figure 2C and 2E). Medial type of drainage was found in most of the cases (54.19%, 110/203). The ARCV drainage pattern was highly correlated with RCA anatomy that, when RCA was absent (54.68%, 111/203), ARCV was in much higher chance of being the lateral rather than the medial type . When RCA was present, most ARCV joined GTH at medial (67.39.% vs 32.61%,OR = 2.712, p = 0.001), and none of them were escortrd by RCA. After multivariate regression, the present of RCA (OR=2.558, p=0.004),GTH length > 8.24 (OR=0.512, p=0.039), D GTH to pan > 21.49 (OR=0.311, p=0.049) were independently associated with the medial )type of GTH (Table 3). An example of lateral type GTH when RCA was absent was illustrated in figure 3 by CTV reconstruction and intra-operative confirmation. MCV drainage classification and its association analysis MCV was found in all the cases, with one trunk in 87.7% (178/203), two trunks in 12.3% (25/203) of the cases. The drainage site of MCV into portal vein system also varied that MCV joined SMV in 59.6%(121/203), GTH in 9.4%(19/203), IMV in 8.4%(17/203), FJV in 7.4%(15/203), SV in 3.0%(6/203). Classified by the left verge of SMV, the converging site of MCV was classified as right-sided in 76.85%, and left-sided in 23.15% of the cases (Table 4, Figure 4). The left-sided drainage of MCV was associated with the presence of RCV (OR=3.563, p =0.007) (Table 5). Discussion The management of the colonic component of GTH is a crucial aspect of radical resection for hepatic flexure and transverse colon cancer, as inadvent torn during surgery could result in severe complications 16 . In this study, we found a novel GTH variation pattern that was highly correlated with surrounding anatomy. Our findings could potentially contribute to the development of new strategies for anticipating GTH anatomy during surgery and reducing surgical complications. In this study, we proposed a new classification system for GTH variations based on the drainage of the ARCV, which builds upon previous classification systems that were based on the number of origin organs or vessels 17 . The use of ARCV drainage as a variable for classification is supported by the fact that variations of the ARCV are more common than those of the RGEV or ASPDV, as found in both our study and previous research 17 . This is likely due to the variable extent of cecum rotation and the relatively fixed position of the stomach and pancreas during embryonic development 18 . Furthermore, during radical right hemicolectomy, the colonic tributary of GTH is often the first vein that comes under tension during mesocolon separation from the head of the pancreas 6 , 8 . Therefore, our classification system is more practical for surgeons as it serves as a reminder of the variation and helps to prevent the risk of bleeding during surgery. Notably, this classification also revealed potential surgical guiding value. Specifically, our ARCV-based GTH pattern was found to be independently associated with the presence of RCA and RCV. This finding could be particularly useful in laparoscopic radical right hemicolectomy under caudal-cephalic approach. After ICA ligation, the presence of RCA could help the surgeon anticipate the subsequent anatomy of GTH. If RCA was absent (45.32%), ARCV drainage was more likely to be lateral to ASPDV(56.76% vs. 43.24%). This could be explained by the variable extent of cecum rotation during embryonic development. If the cecum was not prolonged long enough to call for RCA development from SMA, the ascending colon would not need to form a distant and medial drainage to SMV (medial type) and would instead necessitate its convergence with ASPDV (lateral drainage). An unexpected finding of this study was the left-sided drainage of the MCV in 23.15% of cases, which converged into the portal vein system via the splenic vein(7/47), inferior mesenteric vein(21/47)), or first jejunal vein(19/47). This novel pattern of MCV drainage is concerning in radical resection for hepatic flexure or transverse colon cancer, as the left-sided MCVs could be inadvertently torn and cause life-threatening bleeding during specimen removal. Interestingly, the left-sided drainage of MCV was found to be independently associated with the presence of RCV, which could serve as a useful reminder for surgeons to be cautious during dissection of the MCV in these cases. An additional strength of our study was the high-quality imaging for mesenteric venous reconstruction. Due to individual variations in gastrointestinal recirculation speed, the optimal peak scanning delay for accurate GTH reconstruction is challenging to determine manually, and this may lead to inconsistent results for ASPDV in previous radiological studies 7 , 17 – 20 . To overcome this limitation, we developed a novel model to predict the optimal scanning delay, achieving a mean attenuation value of 312.01 ± 47.25 HU within the GTH. This value is comparable to that used for precise coronary and cranial computed tomography angiography (CTA) reconstruction 15 , 16 . Together with the use of ultra-thin images (0.5 mm) and maximum intensity projection (MIP) reconstruction for fine vessel delineation, the tributary of GTH could be accurately visualized 21 . One limitation of this study is the absence of intra-operative confirmation. A prospective study with strict control over surgical procedures and a larger sample size would be necessary to confirm the association between RCA and GTH. Future studies with intra-operative confirmation are warranted to further validate the findings and refine the proposed classification. This would outreach the framework of this proof of concept study, and can be carried out in the future. However, it should be noted that when the intra-vessel attenuation value reaches 300 HU, the anatomical accuracy is high 22 , 23 . In conclusion, this study demonstrated a novel pattern of GTH variation using high-level CT venography, which showed a significant correlation with the presence of RCA. These findings have the potential to aid surgeons in anticipating the GTH anatomy during laparoscopic radical right hemicolectomy. However, further studies are needed to confirm these findings and to explore their clinical utility in surgical decision-making. Methods Patients In this study, patients receiving abdominal and pelvic enhancement CT at the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University from 2018 to 2019 were enrolled. Patients with previous abdominal surgery, severe intestinal obstruction, younger than 18 years and with poor image quality were excluded. CT protocols All examinations were performed with Toshiba Aquilion ONE 640-slice CT. Scanning parameters included 100-120 kV tube voltage, tube current controlled by automatic milliampere technology, 0.5 mm layer thickness, and an open detector of 80 × 0.5 mm. The patient was required to fast (4-6 h) and drink water (500-800 ml) before the inspection. The patient was put in a supine position. Scanned was the diaphragmatic roof to the level of the ischial tuberosity. After plain scanning, iopromide (concentration 370 mg/ml) was injected through the median cubital vein with a dose of 1.3 ml/kg and a rate of 3-4 ml/s. The scanning time during the portal venous phase was generated by an in-house app that calculates the patient's physiological parameters 24,25 . After the scanning was completed, the data were transmitted to Vitrea 6.3 (Vital Images, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA) for storage and reconstruction. Maximum intensity projection (MIP) reconstruction was performed using the RadiAnt DICOM Viewer 5.0.1 (Medixant, Poznan, Poland). The bolus arrival time of venous phase scan (T bolus-scan ) was also recorded. The CT images under 250 HU were excluded. Definition of the vessels In this study, we defined the gastrocolic trunk of Henle (GTH) as the confluent vessel of the anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal vein (ASPDV), right gastroepiploic vein (RGEV), and the colic veins from the right-sided colon. The accessory right colic vein (ARCV) was defined as the vein that drains blood from the hepatic flexure and ascending colon into the GTH (as shown in Fig. 1A). The right colic vein (RCV) was defined as the vein that drains the ascending colon directly into the superior mesenteric vein (SMV). The middle colic vein (MCV) was defined as the vein that drains the transverse colon. The first jejunal vein (FJV) was defined as the first vein that drains the medial part of the jejunum. The right colic artery (RCA) was defined as the artery that originates from the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) alone and supplies the ascending colon. In addition, we also defined the artery originating from the medial third of the ileocolic artery (ICA) and supplying the right-side colon as the RCA. Finally, the ICA and ileocolic vein (ICV) were defined as the vessels that originate from the SMA/SMV and approach towards the cecum. Anatomical measurements and classifications The attenuation value was measured at various locations including the main portal vein, root of GTH, splenic vein, the junction of splenic vein and portal vein, and middle third of ileocolic vein. The length and diameter of GTH were also measured, as well as the distance from the lower border of pancreas and duodenum to the lower border of GTH. Relative positions between ICA and ICV were recorded as well. GTH was classified into two types: lateral and medial, based on the converging site of its colic tributary relative to the position of ASPDV. The lateral type was defined as the colic tributary joining GTH lateral to ASPDV, or being absent. The medial type was defined as the colic tributary joining GTH medial to ASPDV or directly into SMV (refer to Figure 2). The MCV was also classified based on the converging site of its left branch/main trunk into the portal vein system. The right-sided drainage site included SMV and GTH, while the left-sided drainage included FJV, IMV, and splenic vein (SV). Statistical analysis Categorical data were reported as the number (percentage). Continuous variables were grouped by means if Gaussian distributed, and by medians if non-Gaussian distributed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. All of the analyses were performed on the R (version 3.6.3). p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Declarations Ethics declaration This study received approval from the Ethics Committee of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital , Sun Yat-sen University. All experiments were conducted in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations and informed consent was obtained from all participants and/or their legal guardians. Data availability statement The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are not publicly available due to participant privacy protections but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Acknowledgements : We extend our sincere gratitude to all the patients who participated in this research study. This study was supported by National Key Clinical discipline ,National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant numbers 81970452, 81770656], the program of Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases [grant number 2020B1111170004],Sun Yat-Sen University Clinical Research 5010 Program [grant number 2019022], and China Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation （CCCF）under Grant No. CCCF-QF-2022B71-13, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital，Sun Yat⁃sen University Clinical Research 1010 Program 1010CG(2023)-08. Author contributions: H.Zhao, X. Zhao, J. Ke contributed to study concept and design, acquisition, analysis, interpretation of data and drafting of the manuscript. H.Zhang, D.Kong, H.Zhao, X.Meng,F.Gao contributed to data collections and interpretation of data and critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content. J.Ke supervised the study. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Conflicts Disclosures: The authors declare no competing interests. References Hohenberger, W., Weber, K., Matzel, K., Papadopoulos, T. & Merkel, S. Standardized surgery for colonic cancer: complete mesocolic excision and central ligation--technical notes and outcome. Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland 11 , 354-364; discussion 364-355 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-1318.2008.01735.x Bertelsen, C. A. et al. Disease-free survival after complete mesocolic excision compared with conventional colon cancer surgery: a retrospective, population-based study. The Lancet. Oncology 16 , 161-168 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(14)71168-4 Hashiguchi, Y. et al. Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum (JSCCR) guidelines 2019 for the treatment of colorectal cancer. International journal of clinical oncology 25 , 1-42 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10147-019-01485-z West, N. P. et al. Understanding optimal colonic cancer surgery: comparison of Japanese D3 resection and European complete mesocolic excision with central vascular ligation. Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology 30 , 1763-1769 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.38.3992 Miyazawa, M. et al. Preoperative evaluation of the confluent drainage veins to the gastrocolic trunk of Henle: understanding the surgical vascular anatomy during pancreaticoduodenectomy. Journal of hepato-biliary-pancreatic sciences 22 , 386-391 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1002/jhbp.205 He, Z. et al. Anatomical characteristics and classifications of gastrocolic trunk of Henle in laparoscopic right colectomy: preliminary results of multicenter observational study. Surgical endoscopy 34 , 4655-4661 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-019-07247-2 Kuzu, M. A. et al. Variations in the Vascular Anatomy of the Right Colon and Implications for Right-Sided Colon Surgery. Diseases of the colon and rectum 60 , 290-298 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1097/dcr.0000000000000777 Zhang, J. et al. Radioanatomic study of the gastrocolic venous trunk. Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA 16 , 413-418 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01627663 Sakaguchi, T. et al. Analysis of anatomic variants of mesenteric veins by 3-dimensional portography using multidetector-row computed tomography. American journal of surgery 200 , 15-22 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2009.05.017 Miyamoto, R. et al. The impact of three-dimensional reconstruction on laparoscopic-assisted surgery for right-sided colon cancer. Wideochirurgia i inne techniki maloinwazyjne = Videosurgery and other miniinvasive techniques 12 , 251-256 (2017). https://doi.org/10.5114/wiitm.2017.67996 Ogino, T. et al. Preoperative evaluation of venous anatomy in laparoscopic complete mesocolic excision for right colon cancer. Annals of surgical oncology 21 Suppl 3 , S429-435 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-014-3572-2 Itoh, S. et al. Late-arterial and portal-venous phase imaging of the liver with a multislice CT scanner in patients without circulatory disturbances: automatic bolus tracking or empirical scan delay? European radiology 14 , 1665-1673 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-004-2321-5 Wang, Q., Shi, G., Liu, X., Wu, R. & Wang, S. Optimal contrast of computed tomography portal venography using dual-energy computed tomography. Journal of computer assisted tomography 37 , 142-148 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1097/RCT.0b013e31827cd656 Miyoshi, K. et al. Image quality in dual-source multiphasic dynamic computed tomography of the abdomen: evaluating the effects of a low tube voltage (70 kVp) in combination with contrast dose reduction. Abdominal radiology (New York) 45 , 3755-3762 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-020-02565-9 Halpern, E. J. Triple-rule-out CT angiography for evaluation of acute chest pain and possible acute coronary syndrome. Radiology 252 , 332-345 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2522082335 Cademartiri, F. et al. Intravenous contrast material administration at 16-detector row helical CT coronary angiography: test bolus versus bolus-tracking technique. Radiology 233 , 817-823 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2333030668 Ignjatovic, D., Spasojevic, M. & Stimec, B. Can the gastrocolic trunk of Henle serve as an anatomical landmark in laparoscopic right colectomy? A postmortem anatomical study. American journal of surgery 199 , 249-254 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2009.03.010 Stefura, T. et al. The venous trunk of henle (gastrocolic trunk): A systematic review and meta-analysis of its prevalence, dimensions, and tributary variations. Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.) 31 , 1109-1121 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.23228 Lange, J. F. et al. The gastrocolic trunk of Henle in pancreatic surgery: an anatomo-clinical study. Journal of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery 7 , 401-403 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1007/s005340070035 Jin, G. et al. Anatomic study of the superior right colic vein: its relevance to pancreatic and colonic surgery. American journal of surgery 191 , 100-103 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2005.10.009 Miyoshi, T. et al. Abdomen: angiography with 16-detector CT--comparison of image quality and radiation dose between studies with 0.625-mm and those with 1.25-mm collimation. Radiology 249 , 142-150 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2483071007 Fei, X. et al. 64-MDCT coronary angiography: phantom study of effects of vascular attenuation on detection of coronary stenosis. AJR. American journal of roentgenology 191 , 43-49 (2008). https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.07.2653 Cademartiri, F. et al. Influence of intra-coronary enhancement on diagnostic accuracy with 64-slice CT coronary angiography. European radiology 18 , 576-583 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-007-0773-0 Ke, J. et al. Methods and apparatus for development of portal vein system of gastrointestinal tract[P]. CN111759333B. Ke, J., Dongyun, Z., Zhou, Z., Wu, X. & Lan, P. A method and control device for individualized CT scanning of portal vein[P]. CN111759334B. Tables Table 1. CT attenuation values in this and other GTH anatomical studies and coronary arterial study. Reconstruction Reference Cases Hounsfield Units Portal vein Shigeki Itoh & 2004 13 48 153.30±58.80 Qi Wang & 201314 50 178.29±30.84 Keisuke Miyoshi & 2020 15 55 228.42±38.15 Gastrocolic trunk of Henle * 203 312.01 ± 47.25 Main portal vein * 203 286.53 ± 44.48 Splenic vein * 203 308.89 ± 56.42 Portal-splenic vein junction * 203 311.54 ± 57.46 Middle third of ileocolic vein * 203 272.08 ± 63.14 Coronary artery Filippo Cademartiri &200830 170 339±63 Xiaolu Fei &2008 31 1080 350 * this study Table 2. Former classification of GTH by origin organ and tributary number Variations N=203 Gastro-pancreatic-colic trunk 170 (83.74%) 1 colic vein ARCV 114 (56.17%) MCV 5 (2.46%) 2 colic veins ARCV+aMCV 32 (15.76%) ARCV + MCV 14(6.90%) ARCV + ICV 3 (1.47%) 3 colic veins ARCV + MCV + ICV 1 (0.49%) ARCV + MCV + aMCV 1 (0.49%) Gastro-pancreatic trunk 31 (15.27%) Absence 2 (0.99%) ARCV = accessory right colic vein; MCV = middle colic vein; ICV = ileocolic vein. Table 3. Univariate and multivariate analysis of GTH classification by the converging site of ARCV Anatomical features Group Lateral type (N=93) Medial type (N=110) Univariate analysis Multivariate Analysis OR CI p .value OR CI p .value Gender Male 50(44.25%) 63(55.75%) 0.867 0.497-1.513 0.616 Female 43(47.78%) 47(52.22%) Age ≤ 56.49 y 50(43.48%) 55(56.52%) 1.01 0.987-1.035 0.405 > 56.49 y 43(43.88%) 55(56.12%) RCA Absent 63(56.76%) 48(43.24%) 2.712 1.536-4.865 0.001 2.558 1.422-4.671 0.002 Present 30(32.61%) 62(67.39%) RCV Absent 93(51.10%) 89(48.90%) - - - Present 0(0.0) 21(100.0%) GTH length ≤ 8.24 mm 42(40.00%) 63(60.00%) 0.532 0.286-0.97 0.042 0.512 0.268-0.958 0.039 > 8.24 mm 51(52.04%) 47(47.96%) GTH diameter ≤ 5.69 mm 52(47.27%) 58(52.73%) 0.667 0.299-1.431 0.306 > 5.69 mm 41(44.09%) 52(55.91%) D GTH to pan ≤ 21.49 mm 47 (47.00%) 53(53.00%) 0.246 0.069-0.695 0.015 0.311 0.085-0.916 0.049 > 21.49 mm 46(44.66) 57(55.34%) D GTH to duo ≤ 44.6 mm 54(51.92%) 50(48.08%) 0.752 0.384-1.45 0.399 > 44.6 mm 39(39.39%) 60(60.61%) D GTH to icv ≤ 34.8 mm 48(46.60%) 55(53.40%) 0.809 0.458-1.421 0.462s > 34.8 mm 45(45.00%) 55（55.00%） The trajectory of ICA Posterior 49 (46.67%) 56 53.33%) 1.074 0.618-1.869 0.801 Anterior 44 (44.90%) 54 (55.10%) Former classification Gastro-pancreatic-colic trunk 78(45.88%) 92(54.12%) Ref Gastro-pancreatic trunk 13(41.94%) 18(58.06%) 1.174 0.544-2.593 0.685 Absence 2(100%) 0(0%) 0 NA-2.104 0.988 RCA = right colic artery; GTH = gastrocolic trunk of Henle; D GTH to pan = distance from GTH to inferior border of pancreas; D GTH to duo = distance from GTH to inferior border of duodenum; D GTH to icv = distance from GTH to ileocolic vein; ICA = ileocolic artery; * indicates significant differences. Table 4. Drainage variations of middle colic vein Variables 1 MCV 2 MCVs Cases, n (%) 178(87.7%) 25 (12.32%) Drained into, n (%) SMV 121 (59.6%) SMV & GTH 9 (4.4%) GTH 19 (9.4%) SMV & SMV 7 (3.4%) IMV 17 (8.4%) SMV & FJV 3 (1.5%) FJV 15 (7.4%) SMV & SV 2 (1.0%) SV 6 (3.0%) SMV & IMV 1 (0.5%) GTH & IMV 2 (1.0%) GTH & FJV 1 (0.5%) MCV = middle colic vein; SMV = superior mesenteric vein; GTH = gastrocolic trunk of Henle; FJV = first jejunal vein; IMV = inferior mesenteric vein; SV = splenic vein. Table 5. Univariate and multivariate analysis of MCV classification by its converging into SMV Anatomical features Group Right-sided Left-sided Univariate analysis (n=156) (n=47) OR CI p .value Gender Male 91 (80.53%) 22 (19.47%) 1.591 0.827-3.083 0.163 Female 65 (72.22%) 25 (27.78%) Age ≤ 56.49 y 83 (79.05%) 22 (20.95%) 1.292 0.672-2.484 0.442 > 56.49 y 73 (74.49%) 25 (25.51%) RCA Absent 83(74.77%) 28(25.23%) 0.772 0.393-1.488 0.443 Present 73(89.02%) 19(10.98%) RCV Absent 145(79.67%) 37(20.33%) 3.563 1.387-9.09 0.007 Present 11(52.38%) 10(47.62%) GTH length ≤ 18.7 mm 151(76.26%) 47(23.74%) 0 NA-4.86024513137387e+41 0.989 > 18.7 mm 5(100.00%) 0(0.0) GTH diameter ≤ 4.3 mm 17(78.83%) 7(21.17%) 0.699 0.28-1.914 0.459 > 4.3 mm 139(77.65%) 40(22.35%) D GTH to pan ≤ 15.7 mm 24(66.67%) 12(33.33%) 0.53 0.244-1.193 0.114 > 15.7 mm 132(79.04%) 35(20.96%) D GTH to duo ≤ 39.3 mm 37(68.52%) 17(31.48%) 0.549 0.274-1.119 0.093 > 39.3 mm 119(79.87%) 30(20.13%) D GTH to icv ≤ 41.6 mm 112(74.67%) 38(25.33%) 0.603 0.256-1.303 0.218 > 41.6 mm 44(83.02%) 9(16.98%) The trajectory of ICA Posterior 112(74.77%) 38(74.77%) 1.156 0.601-2.229 0.663 Anterior 44(74.77%) 9(74.77%) RCA = right colic artery; GTH = gastrocolic trunk of Henle; D GTH to pan = distance from GTH to inferior border of pancreas; D GTH to duo = distance from GTH to inferior border of duodenum; D GTH to icv = distance from GTH to ileocolic vein; ICA = ileocolic artery; * indicates significant differences. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files supplementarytable.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 30 Dec, 2024 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 29 Nov, 2024 Reviews received at journal 29 Nov, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 29 Nov, 2024 Reviews received at journal 17 Nov, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 01 Nov, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 01 Nov, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 01 Nov, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 01 Nov, 2024 Editor invited by journal 08 Aug, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 06 Aug, 2024 First submitted to journal 03 Aug, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4853520","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":347990306,"identity":"b9c636ab-90a6-4d51-aed0-9189b1f1c864","order_by":0,"name":"Xinzhe Zhao","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xinzhe","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhao","suffix":""},{"id":347990307,"identity":"72f8343b-68bc-4dfb-8f0c-8bf64c8ff885","order_by":1,"name":"Hongda Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hongda","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":347990308,"identity":"de12c5ea-7a58-4d27-a83b-073d7236c336","order_by":2,"name":"Hengyu Zhao","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hengyu","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhao","suffix":""},{"id":347990309,"identity":"97cffb4b-94c0-46e9-bfd9-ea8218f852c1","order_by":3,"name":"Decan Kong","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Decan","middleName":"","lastName":"Kong","suffix":""},{"id":347990310,"identity":"757f49ad-34dd-4eaf-a50a-ef3d2748aa35","order_by":4,"name":"Weijie Zeng","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Weijie","middleName":"","lastName":"Zeng","suffix":""},{"id":347990311,"identity":"a5350cb7-5d0d-4681-b235-f6b0874f829b","order_by":5,"name":"Feng Gao","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Feng","middleName":"","lastName":"Gao","suffix":""},{"id":347990312,"identity":"be732740-1860-4e2c-80df-26946040d4ea","order_by":6,"name":"Xiaochun Meng","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xiaochun","middleName":"","lastName":"Meng","suffix":""},{"id":347990313,"identity":"a8be27ce-e79f-4d16-813c-9993cf9b4f7d","order_by":7,"name":"Jia Ke","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA7klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACCYaDDQwfGBh4+OBCB4jQwjgDqIWNBC0MDMw8QIJ4LZKNhxs/2+bYybAxsD+T/NnGIMd3I4HxcwEeLdIMB5ulc7clAx3GYybN28ZgLHkjgVl6Bh4tckC/ALUwg7SwSTO2MSRuuJHABnYqHi3Nvy231fPAHFZPUAvQYW3SjNsOg0LMTALosAQDQlokGw62WfZuO84DVGZszXNOwnDmmYfN0vi0SNw4/vjGz23V9vzs7Q9v/iizkec7nnzwMz4tDBIHoAxmBhYJSDwxNuDTwMDAj5Bn/oBf6SgYBaNgFIxUAABU5ENrteBw8gAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jia","middleName":"","lastName":"Ke","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-08-03 13:23:39","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4853520/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4853520/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-83588-w","type":"published","date":"2024-12-30T15:57:08+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":64384927,"identity":"395609b1-ab30-4ae4-b374-23cc4bc910dc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-09-12 12:23:05","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":1815447,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eGTH variations by colic tributaries in 3D reconstruction.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(A)1 ARCV joined in GTH; (B) 2 colic veins of RCV and ARCV joined into GTH; (C) 3 colic veins of ARCV, MCV and ICV joined into GTH; (D) no colic vein was found on GTH; (E) GTH was absent. RGEV = right gastroepiploic vein; ASPDV = anterior superior pancreatoduodenal vein; ARCV = accessory right colic vein; MCV = middle colic vein; ICV = ileocolic vein.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"figure1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4853520/v1/8857edb05e18dbf043125092.png"},{"id":64387179,"identity":"503d8ccb-1f2d-4c4a-8908-9e9abb6afddd","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-09-12 12:39:05","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":932945,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eVascular schematic diagram of our classification of GTH and reconstructions of the types on 2 cases.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(A) GTH was classified by the converging site of the colic tributary relative to ASPDV; (B,D) a case of lateral type in MIP and 3D reconstruction; (C,E) a case of medial type in MIP and 3D reconstruction. RGEV = right gastroepiploic vein; SMV = superior mesenteric vein; ASPDV = anterior superior pancreatoduodenal vein; CV = colic vein; ARCV = accessory right colic vein; MIP=maximum intensity projection.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"figure2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4853520/v1/58d324fd112d8cba53c90f67.png"},{"id":64386133,"identity":"7bc814ee-dd1e-4094-813d-25fc1859ccf0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-09-12 12:31:05","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":597499,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eAn example of lateral type GTH that RGEV, ARCV, ASPDV converged together into GTH, and RCA was absent.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRGEV = right gastroepiploic vein; ASPDV = anterior superior pancreatoduodenal vein; ARCV = accessory right colic vein; RCA=right colic artery; ICV = ileocolic vein; ICA = ileocolic artery.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"figure3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4853520/v1/b9ac74d3f02d029d77d3360e.png"},{"id":64384931,"identity":"76395202-51bc-4017-86e2-77af8ece803e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-09-12 12:23:05","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":282642,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eMCV variations by its drainage site in 3D reconstruction.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(A)MCV drained into SMV; (B) MCV converged into GTH; (C) MCV join into FJV; (D) MCV drained into IMV; (E) MCV drained into SV. MCV = middle colic vein; SMV = superior mesenteric vein; GTH = gastrocolic trunk of Henle; FJV = first jejunal vein; IMV = inferior mesenteric vein; SV = splenic vein.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"figure4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4853520/v1/a0740554b8867eb58d668120.png"},{"id":73093461,"identity":"59caf7f9-477f-4eb6-9b2a-eae898004aac","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-01-06 16:19:41","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":5696686,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4853520/v1/44aaf0c8-e040-48de-9454-69484344eba0.pdf"},{"id":64384928,"identity":"7eb7ba86-d846-4382-ada9-576558dedd44","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-09-12 12:23:05","extension":"docx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":13091,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"supplementarytable.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4853520/v1/acb9a19410de353bb3e5946b.docx"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Anatomic association between the gastrocolic trunk of Henle and right colic artery by high-quality CT venography ","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eWithin surgeries for cancer at hepatic flexure and transverse colon, mobilizing the right mesocolon and precisely dissecting the colonic tributary of gastrocolic trunk of Henle (GTH) were the key steps\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR2 CR3\" citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. However, due to the thin wall and complex variation of GTH tributaries, inadvertent traction can result in life-threatening bleeding and poor lymph node harvest. Although classifications of GTH by tributary number and origin organs have been reported \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR6 CR7\" citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e, the tributary pattern cannot be reliably predicted before or during surgery. Therefore, further investigation into the association between GTH anatomy and surrounding anatomy is necessary to aid in real-time GTH anticipation and subsequent procedures.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOne of the tributaries of GTH, the accessory right colon vein (ARCV), is responsible for draining the blood flow from the hepatic flexure and upper ascending colon. During mesocolon separation from the head of the pancreas, the ARCV is the first vein to come under tension and lacks an accompanying artery for tension buffering, leading to a higher vulnerability than the other two tributaries\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Therefore, in this study, we focused mainly on the ARCV drainage as the primary variable for GTH pattern, rather than considering the three branches as a whole body.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlthough CT reconstruction has been proposed as a feasible method to investigate GTH anatomy in a large sample size, inconsistent results have been reported, particularly with regards to the anatomy of the anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal vein (ASPDV). This is mainly due to the challenge of capturing the peak scanning delay for portal vein reconstruction, which varies depending on the individual's gastrointestinal re-circulation speed \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR10 CR11 CR12 CR13\" citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. In this study, we overcame this challenge by optimizing the scanning delay for portal vein enhancement, achieving an attenuation value of 300 HU sufficient for coronary and cranial reconstruction \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. With this improved method, we focused on observing the variation of ARCV drainage within the GTH in a large sample size, aiming to develop a potential strategy to anticipate GTH anatomy during surgery.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBaseline characteristics and high quality veno-graphy\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA total of 203 patients were enrolled in this study, with 113 males (55.7%) and 90 females (44.3%). The mean age was 56.49 \u0026plusmn; 11.71 years (range 23-87 years). The average delay for the portal phase scanning was 46.35 \u0026plusmn; 4.60 s. The attenuation values at the root of GTH, main trunk of portal vein, splenic vein, the portal-splenic vein junction, and middle third of ileocolic vein were 312.01 \u0026plusmn; 47.25 HU, 286.53 \u0026plusmn; 44.48 HU, 308.89 \u0026plusmn; 56.42 HU, 311.54 \u0026plusmn; 57.46 HU, and 272.08 \u0026plusmn; 63.14 HU, respectively. These were similar to the level of coronary arterial reconstruction and much higher than previous GTH radiological studies (Table 1).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVariations of GTH\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;tributaries\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe average length of GTH was 8.84 \u0026plusmn; 4.64 mm, and the average diameter was 5.69 \u0026plusmn; 1.21 mm. GTH was 21.73 \u0026plusmn; 6.70 mm above the inferior border of pancreas, and 44.59 \u0026plusmn; 8.62 mm above duodenum.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn 81.8% (166/203) of the cases (Table 2, Supplementary Table 1), GTH was the gastro-pancreato-colic trunk (GPCT), composed by RGEV, ASPDV and varied colic\u0026nbsp;components. Specifically, the colic tributary was a single ARCV in 56.2% (114/203, Figure 1A), a single MCV in 3.5% (5/203), ARCV+RCV in 11.8% (24/203, Figure 1B), ARCV + MCV in 11.3% (23/203), ARCV + ICV in 1.5% (3/203), and ARCV + MCV + ICV in 0.5% (1/203, Figure 1C). In 16.3% (33/203) of the cases, GTH was the gastro-pancreatic trunk (GPT) formed by RGEV and ASPDV, without\u0026nbsp;colic vessel\u0026nbsp;(Figure 1D). In this subtype, the colic vein from right-sided colon drained into\u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003elateral\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e(45.45%, 15/33) and\u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003emedial\u003c/strong\u003e .(54.55%, 18/33). GTH was not found in 4 patients that RGEV, ASPDV and ARCV separately joined SMV (Figure 1E). \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGTH classifications and its association analysis\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSince the colic vessel\u0026nbsp;showed higher variation as illustrated above, ARCV drainage was classified into lateral type (lateral to ASPDV, Figure 2B and 2D) and medial type (medial to ASPDV, Figure 2C and 2E). Medial type of drainage was found in most of the cases (54.19%, 110/203).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe ARCV drainage pattern was highly correlated with RCA anatomy that, when RCA was absent (54.68%, 111/203), ARCV was in much higher chance of being the lateral rather than the medial type . When RCA was present, most ARCV joined GTH at medial (67.39.% vs 32.61%,OR = 2.712, \u003cem\u003ep\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e= 0.001), and none of them were escortrd by RCA. After multivariate regression, the present of RCA (OR=2.558, p=0.004),GTH length\u0026nbsp;\u0026gt; 8.24\u0026nbsp;(OR=0.512, p=0.039), D\u003csub\u003eGTH to pan\u003c/sub\u003e \u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;21.49\u0026nbsp;(OR=0.311, p=0.049) were independently associated with the medial )type of GTH (Table 3). An example of lateral type GTH when RCA was absent was illustrated in figure 3 by CTV reconstruction and intra-operative confirmation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMCV drainage classification and its association analysis\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMCV was found in all the cases, with one trunk in 87.7% (178/203), two trunks in 12.3% (25/203) of the cases. The drainage site of MCV into portal vein system also varied that MCV joined SMV in 59.6%(121/203), GTH in 9.4%(19/203), IMV in 8.4%(17/203), FJV in 7.4%(15/203), SV in 3.0%(6/203). Classified by the left verge of SMV, the converging site of MCV was classified as right-sided in 76.85%, and left-sided in 23.15% of the cases (Table 4, Figure 4). The left-sided drainage of MCV was associated with the presence of RCV (OR=3.563, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e=0.007) (Table 5).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe management of the colonic component of GTH is a crucial aspect of radical resection for hepatic flexure and transverse colon cancer, as inadvent torn during surgery could result in severe complications \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. In this study, we found a novel GTH variation pattern that was highly correlated with surrounding anatomy. Our findings could potentially contribute to the development of new strategies for anticipating GTH anatomy during surgery and reducing surgical complications.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn this study, we proposed a new classification system for GTH variations based on the drainage of the ARCV, which builds upon previous classification systems that were based on the number of origin organs or vessels\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. The use of ARCV drainage as a variable for classification is supported by the fact that variations of the ARCV are more common than those of the RGEV or ASPDV, as found in both our study and previous research \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. This is likely due to the variable extent of cecum rotation and the relatively fixed position of the stomach and pancreas during embryonic development\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Furthermore, during radical right hemicolectomy, the colonic tributary of GTH is often the first vein that comes under tension during mesocolon separation from the head of the pancreas\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Therefore, our classification system is more practical for surgeons as it serves as a reminder of the variation and helps to prevent the risk of bleeding during surgery.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotably, this classification also revealed potential surgical guiding value. Specifically, our ARCV-based GTH pattern was found to be independently associated with the presence of RCA and RCV. This finding could be particularly useful in laparoscopic radical right hemicolectomy under caudal-cephalic approach. After ICA ligation, the presence of RCA could help the surgeon anticipate the subsequent anatomy of GTH. If RCA was absent (45.32%), ARCV drainage was more likely to be lateral to ASPDV(56.76% vs. 43.24%). This could be explained by the variable extent of cecum rotation during embryonic development. If the cecum was not prolonged long enough to call for RCA development from SMA, the ascending colon would not need to form a distant and medial drainage to SMV (medial type) and would instead necessitate its convergence with ASPDV (lateral drainage).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAn unexpected finding of this study was the left-sided drainage of the MCV in 23.15% of cases, which converged into the portal vein system via the splenic vein(7/47), inferior mesenteric vein(21/47)), or first jejunal vein(19/47). This novel pattern of MCV drainage is concerning in radical resection for hepatic flexure or transverse colon cancer, as the left-sided MCVs could be inadvertently torn and cause life-threatening bleeding during specimen removal. Interestingly, the left-sided drainage of MCV was found to be independently associated with the presence of RCV, which could serve as a useful reminder for surgeons to be cautious during dissection of the MCV in these cases.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAn additional strength of our study was the high-quality imaging for mesenteric venous reconstruction. Due to individual variations in gastrointestinal recirculation speed, the optimal peak scanning delay for accurate GTH reconstruction is challenging to determine manually, and this may lead to inconsistent results for ASPDV in previous radiological studies \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR18 CR19\" citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. To overcome this limitation, we developed a novel model to predict the optimal scanning delay, achieving a mean attenuation value of 312.01\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;47.25 HU within the GTH. This value is comparable to that used for precise coronary and cranial computed tomography angiography (CTA) reconstruction\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Together with the use of ultra-thin images (0.5 mm) and maximum intensity projection (MIP) reconstruction for fine vessel delineation, the tributary of GTH could be accurately visualized\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOne limitation of this study is the absence of intra-operative confirmation. A prospective study with strict control over surgical procedures and a larger sample size would be necessary to confirm the association between RCA and GTH. Future studies with intra-operative confirmation are warranted to further validate the findings and refine the proposed classification. This would outreach the framework of this proof of concept study, and can be carried out in the future. However, it should be noted that when the intra-vessel attenuation value reaches 300 HU, the anatomical accuracy is high\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn conclusion, this study demonstrated a novel pattern of GTH variation using high-level CT venography, which showed a significant correlation with the presence of RCA. These findings have the potential to aid surgeons in anticipating the GTH anatomy during laparoscopic radical right hemicolectomy. However, further studies are needed to confirm these findings and to explore their clinical utility in surgical decision-making.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePatients\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn this study, patients receiving abdominal and pelvic enhancement CT at the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University from 2018 to 2019 were enrolled. Patients with previous abdominal surgery, severe intestinal obstruction, younger than 18 years and with poor image quality were excluded.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCT protocols\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll examinations were performed with Toshiba Aquilion ONE 640-slice CT. Scanning parameters included 100-120 kV tube voltage, tube current controlled by automatic milliampere technology, 0.5 mm layer thickness, and an open detector of 80 \u0026times; 0.5 mm. The patient was required to fast (4-6 h) and drink water (500-800 ml) before the inspection. The patient was put in a supine position. Scanned was the diaphragmatic roof to the level of the ischial tuberosity. After plain scanning, iopromide (concentration 370 mg/ml) was injected through the median cubital vein with a dose of 1.3 ml/kg and a rate of 3-4 ml/s. The scanning time during the portal venous phase was generated by an in-house app that calculates the patient\u0026apos;s physiological parameters\u0026nbsp;\u003csup\u003e24,25\u003c/sup\u003e.\u0026nbsp;After the scanning was completed, the data were transmitted to Vitrea\u0026nbsp;6.3 (Vital Images, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA) for storage and reconstruction. Maximum intensity projection (MIP) reconstruction was performed using the RadiAnt DICOM Viewer 5.0.1 (Medixant, Poznan, Poland). The bolus arrival time of venous phase scan (T\u003csub\u003ebolus-scan\u003c/sub\u003e) was also recorded. The CT images under 250 HU were excluded.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDefinition of the vessels\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn this study, we defined the gastrocolic trunk of Henle (GTH) as the confluent vessel of the anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal vein (ASPDV), right gastroepiploic vein (RGEV), and the colic veins from the right-sided colon. The accessory right colic vein (ARCV) was defined as the vein that drains blood from the hepatic flexure and ascending colon into the GTH (as shown in Fig. 1A). The right colic vein (RCV) was defined as the vein that drains the ascending colon directly into the superior mesenteric vein (SMV). The middle colic vein (MCV) was defined as the vein that drains the transverse colon. The first jejunal vein (FJV) was defined as the first vein that drains the medial part of the jejunum. The right colic artery (RCA) was defined as the artery that originates from the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) alone and supplies the ascending colon. In addition, we also defined the artery originating from the medial third of the ileocolic artery (ICA) and supplying the right-side colon as the RCA. Finally, the ICA and ileocolic vein (ICV) were defined as the vessels that originate from the SMA/SMV and approach towards the cecum.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnatomical measurements and classifications\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe attenuation value was measured at various locations including the main portal vein, root of GTH, splenic vein, the junction of splenic vein and portal vein, and middle third of ileocolic vein. The length and diameter of GTH were also measured, as well as the distance from the lower border of pancreas and duodenum to the lower border of GTH. Relative positions between ICA and ICV were recorded as well.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGTH was classified into two types: lateral and medial, based on the converging site of its colic tributary relative to the position of ASPDV. The lateral type was defined as the colic tributary joining GTH lateral to ASPDV, or being absent. The medial type was defined as the colic tributary joining GTH medial to ASPDV or directly into SMV (refer to Figure 2).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe MCV was also classified based on the converging site of its left branch/main trunk into the portal vein system. The right-sided drainage site included SMV and GTH, while the left-sided drainage included FJV, IMV, and splenic vein (SV).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStatistical analysis\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCategorical data were reported as the number (percentage). Continuous variables were grouped by means if Gaussian distributed, and by medians if non-Gaussian distributed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. All of the analyses were performed on the R (version 3.6.3). \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics declaration\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study received approval from the Ethics Committee of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital , Sun Yat-sen University. All experiments were conducted in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations and informed consent was obtained from all participants and/or their legal guardians.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData availability statement\u003c/strong\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are not publicly available due to participant privacy protections but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/strong\u003e: \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe extend our sincere gratitude to all the patients who participated in this research study. This study was supported by National Key Clinical discipline ,National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant numbers 81970452, 81770656], the program of Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases [grant number 2020B1111170004],Sun Yat-Sen University Clinical Research 5010 Program [grant number 2019022], and China Crohn\u0026rsquo;s \u0026amp; Colitis Foundation （CCCF）under Grant No. CCCF-QF-2022B71-13, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital，Sun Yat⁃sen University Clinical Research 1010 Program 1010CG(2023)-08.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor contributions:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eH.Zhao, X. Zhao, J. Ke contributed to study concept and design, acquisition, analysis, interpretation of data and drafting of the manuscript. H.Zhang, D.Kong, H.Zhao, X.Meng,F.Gao contributed to data collections and interpretation of data and critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content. J.Ke supervised the study. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConflicts\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eDisclosures: \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHohenberger, W., Weber, K., Matzel, K., Papadopoulos, T. \u0026amp; Merkel, S. Standardized surgery for colonic cancer: complete mesocolic excision and central ligation--technical notes and outcome. \u003cem\u003eColorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland\u003c/em\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e11\u003c/strong\u003e, 354-364; discussion 364-355 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-1318.2008.01735.x\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBertelsen, C. A.\u003cem\u003e et al.\u003c/em\u003e Disease-free survival after complete mesocolic excision compared with conventional colon cancer surgery: a retrospective, population-based study. \u003cem\u003eThe Lancet. Oncology\u003c/em\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e16\u003c/strong\u003e, 161-168 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(14)71168-4\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHashiguchi, Y.\u003cem\u003e et al.\u003c/em\u003e Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum (JSCCR) guidelines 2019 for the treatment of colorectal cancer. \u003cem\u003eInternational journal of clinical oncology\u003c/em\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e25\u003c/strong\u003e, 1-42 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10147-019-01485-z\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWest, N. P.\u003cem\u003e et al.\u003c/em\u003e Understanding optimal colonic cancer surgery: comparison of Japanese D3 resection and European complete mesocolic excision with central vascular ligation. \u003cem\u003eJournal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology\u003c/em\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e30\u003c/strong\u003e, 1763-1769 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.38.3992\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMiyazawa, M.\u003cem\u003e et al.\u003c/em\u003e Preoperative evaluation of the confluent drainage veins to the gastrocolic trunk of Henle: understanding the surgical vascular anatomy during pancreaticoduodenectomy. \u003cem\u003eJournal of hepato-biliary-pancreatic sciences\u003c/em\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e22\u003c/strong\u003e, 386-391 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1002/jhbp.205\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHe, Z.\u003cem\u003e et al.\u003c/em\u003e Anatomical characteristics and classifications of gastrocolic trunk of Henle in laparoscopic right colectomy: preliminary results of multicenter observational study. \u003cem\u003eSurgical endoscopy\u003c/em\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e34\u003c/strong\u003e, 4655-4661 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-019-07247-2\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKuzu, M. A.\u003cem\u003e et al.\u003c/em\u003e Variations in the Vascular Anatomy of the Right Colon and Implications for Right-Sided Colon Surgery. \u003cem\u003eDiseases of the colon and rectum\u003c/em\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e60\u003c/strong\u003e, 290-298 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1097/dcr.0000000000000777\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZhang, J.\u003cem\u003e et al.\u003c/em\u003e Radioanatomic study of the gastrocolic venous trunk. \u003cem\u003eSurgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA\u003c/em\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e16\u003c/strong\u003e, 413-418 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01627663\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSakaguchi, T.\u003cem\u003e et al.\u003c/em\u003e Analysis of anatomic variants of mesenteric veins by 3-dimensional portography using multidetector-row computed tomography. \u003cem\u003eAmerican journal of surgery\u003c/em\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e200\u003c/strong\u003e, 15-22 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2009.05.017\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMiyamoto, R.\u003cem\u003e et al.\u003c/em\u003e The impact of three-dimensional reconstruction on laparoscopic-assisted surgery for right-sided colon cancer. \u003cem\u003eWideochirurgia i inne techniki maloinwazyjne = Videosurgery and other miniinvasive techniques\u003c/em\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e12\u003c/strong\u003e, 251-256 (2017). https://doi.org/10.5114/wiitm.2017.67996\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOgino, T.\u003cem\u003e et al.\u003c/em\u003e Preoperative evaluation of venous anatomy in laparoscopic complete mesocolic excision for right colon cancer. \u003cem\u003eAnnals of surgical oncology\u003c/em\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e21 Suppl 3\u003c/strong\u003e, S429-435 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-014-3572-2\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eItoh, S.\u003cem\u003e et al.\u003c/em\u003e Late-arterial and portal-venous phase imaging of the liver with a multislice CT scanner in patients without circulatory disturbances: automatic bolus tracking or empirical scan delay? \u003cem\u003eEuropean radiology\u003c/em\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e14\u003c/strong\u003e, 1665-1673 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-004-2321-5\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWang, Q., Shi, G., Liu, X., Wu, R. \u0026amp; Wang, S. Optimal contrast of computed tomography portal venography using dual-energy computed tomography. \u003cem\u003eJournal of computer assisted tomography\u003c/em\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e37\u003c/strong\u003e, 142-148 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1097/RCT.0b013e31827cd656\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMiyoshi, K.\u003cem\u003e et al.\u003c/em\u003e Image quality in dual-source multiphasic dynamic computed tomography of the abdomen: evaluating the effects of a low tube voltage (70 kVp) in combination with contrast dose reduction. \u003cem\u003eAbdominal radiology (New York)\u003c/em\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e45\u003c/strong\u003e, 3755-3762 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-020-02565-9\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHalpern, E. J. Triple-rule-out CT angiography for evaluation of acute chest pain and possible acute coronary syndrome. \u003cem\u003eRadiology\u003c/em\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e252\u003c/strong\u003e, 332-345 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2522082335\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCademartiri, F.\u003cem\u003e et al.\u003c/em\u003e Intravenous contrast material administration at 16-detector row helical CT coronary angiography: test bolus versus bolus-tracking technique. \u003cem\u003eRadiology\u003c/em\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e233\u003c/strong\u003e, 817-823 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2333030668\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIgnjatovic, D., Spasojevic, M. \u0026amp; Stimec, B. Can the gastrocolic trunk of Henle serve as an anatomical landmark in laparoscopic right colectomy? A postmortem anatomical study. \u003cem\u003eAmerican journal of surgery\u003c/em\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e199\u003c/strong\u003e, 249-254 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2009.03.010\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStefura, T.\u003cem\u003e et al.\u003c/em\u003e The venous trunk of henle (gastrocolic trunk): A systematic review and meta-analysis of its prevalence, dimensions, and tributary variations. \u003cem\u003eClinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.)\u003c/em\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e31\u003c/strong\u003e, 1109-1121 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.23228\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLange, J. F.\u003cem\u003e et al.\u003c/em\u003e The gastrocolic trunk of Henle in pancreatic surgery: an anatomo-clinical study. \u003cem\u003eJournal of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery\u003c/em\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e7\u003c/strong\u003e, 401-403 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1007/s005340070035\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJin, G.\u003cem\u003e et al.\u003c/em\u003e Anatomic study of the superior right colic vein: its relevance to pancreatic and colonic surgery. \u003cem\u003eAmerican journal of surgery\u003c/em\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e191\u003c/strong\u003e, 100-103 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2005.10.009\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMiyoshi, T.\u003cem\u003e et al.\u003c/em\u003e Abdomen: angiography with 16-detector CT--comparison of image quality and radiation dose between studies with 0.625-mm and those with 1.25-mm collimation. \u003cem\u003eRadiology\u003c/em\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e249\u003c/strong\u003e, 142-150 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2483071007\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFei, X.\u003cem\u003e et al.\u003c/em\u003e 64-MDCT coronary angiography: phantom study of effects of vascular attenuation on detection of coronary stenosis. \u003cem\u003eAJR. American journal of roentgenology\u003c/em\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e191\u003c/strong\u003e, 43-49 (2008). https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.07.2653\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCademartiri, F.\u003cem\u003e et al.\u003c/em\u003e Influence of intra-coronary enhancement on diagnostic accuracy with 64-slice CT coronary angiography. \u003cem\u003eEuropean radiology\u003c/em\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e18\u003c/strong\u003e, 576-583 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-007-0773-0\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKe, J.\u003cem\u003e et al.\u003c/em\u003e Methods and apparatus for development of portal vein system of gastrointestinal tract[P]. CN111759333B.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKe, J., Dongyun, Z., Zhou, Z., Wu, X. \u0026amp; Lan, P. A method and control device for individualized CT scanning of portal vein[P]. CN111759334B.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 1.\u003c/strong\u003e CT attenuation values in this and other GTH anatomical studies and coronary arterial study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"561\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.1729055258467%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReconstruction\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"37.61140819964349%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReference\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.72549019607843%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCases\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.49019607843137%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHounsfield Units\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.1729055258467%\" rowspan=\"8\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePortal vein\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"37.61140819964349%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShigeki Itoh \u0026amp; 2004 13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.72549019607843%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.49019607843137%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e153.30\u0026plusmn;58.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"48.95591647331786%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eQi Wang \u0026amp; 201314\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.865429234338748%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.17865429234339%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e178.29\u0026plusmn;30.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"48.95591647331786%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKeisuke Miyoshi \u0026amp; 2020 15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.865429234338748%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.17865429234339%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e228.42\u0026plusmn;38.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"48.95591647331786%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGastrocolic trunk of Henle\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.865429234338748%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e203\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.17865429234339%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e312.01 \u0026plusmn; 47.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"48.95591647331786%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMain portal vein\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.865429234338748%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e203\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.17865429234339%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e286.53 \u0026plusmn; 44.48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"48.95591647331786%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSplenic vein\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.865429234338748%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e203\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.17865429234339%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e308.89 \u0026plusmn; 56.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"48.95591647331786%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePortal-splenic vein junction\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.865429234338748%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e203\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.17865429234339%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e311.54 \u0026plusmn; 57.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"48.95591647331786%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMiddle third of ileocolic vein\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.865429234338748%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e203\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.17865429234339%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e272.08 \u0026plusmn; 63.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.1729055258467%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCoronary artery\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"37.61140819964349%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFilippo Cademartiri \u0026amp;200830\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.72549019607843%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e170\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.49019607843137%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e339\u0026plusmn;63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"48.95591647331786%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eXiaolu Fei \u0026amp;2008 31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.865429234338748%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1080\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.17865429234339%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e350\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003ethis study\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 2.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eFormer classification of GTH by origin organ and tributary number\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"519\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"49.71098265895954%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVariations\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"50.28901734104046%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN=203\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"49.71098265895954%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGastro-pancreatic-colic trunk\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"50.28901734104046%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e170 (83.74%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"49.71098265895954%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;1 colic vein\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"50.28901734104046%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"49.71098265895954%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eARCV\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"50.28901734104046%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e114 (56.17%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"49.71098265895954%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMCV\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"50.28901734104046%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (2.46%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"49.71098265895954%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;2 colic veins\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"50.28901734104046%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"49.71098265895954%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eARCV+aMCV\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"50.28901734104046%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32 (15.76%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"49.71098265895954%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eARCV + MCV\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"50.28901734104046%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14(6.90%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"49.71098265895954%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eARCV + ICV\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"50.28901734104046%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (1.47%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"49.71098265895954%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;3 colic veins\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"50.28901734104046%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"49.71098265895954%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eARCV + MCV + ICV\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"50.28901734104046%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.49%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"49.71098265895954%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eARCV + MCV + aMCV\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"50.28901734104046%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.49%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"49.71098265895954%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGastro-pancreatic trunk\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"50.28901734104046%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31 (15.27%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"49.71098265895954%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAbsence\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"50.28901734104046%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (0.99%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eARCV = accessory right colic vein; MCV = middle colic vein; ICV = ileocolic vein.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 3.\u003c/strong\u003e Univariate and multivariate analysis of GTH classification by the converging site of ARCV\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv align=\"\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.156285390713476%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnatomical features\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.250283125707814%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGroup\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.966024915062288%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLateral type (N=93)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.645526613816534%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMedial type (N=110)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.254813137032844%\" colspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnivariate analysis\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.727066817667044%\" colspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMultivariate Analysis\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.546840958605664%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOR\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.568627450980394%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCI\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.468409586056644%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e.value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.943355119825709%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOR\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.78649237472767%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCI\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.686274509803921%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e.value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.156285390713476%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGender\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.250283125707814%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.966024915062288%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50(44.25%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.645526613816534%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63(55.75%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.002265005662514%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.867\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.211778029445073%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.497-1.513\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.040770101925254%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.616\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.2480181200453%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.325028312570781%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.154020385050963%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"39.130434782608695%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"29.431438127090303%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43(47.78%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.438127090301002%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47(52.22%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.156285390713476%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAge\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.250283125707814%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026le; 56.49 y\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.966024915062288%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50(43.48%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.645526613816534%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55(56.52%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.002265005662514%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.211778029445073%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.987-1.035\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.040770101925254%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.405\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.2480181200453%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.325028312570781%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.154020385050963%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"39.130434782608695%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt; 56.49 y\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"29.431438127090303%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43(43.88%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.438127090301002%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55(56.12%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.156285390713476%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRCA\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.250283125707814%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAbsent\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.966024915062288%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63(56.76%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.645526613816534%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48(43.24%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.002265005662514%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.712\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.211778029445073%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.536-4.865\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.040770101925254%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.2480181200453%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.558\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.325028312570781%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.422-4.671\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.154020385050963%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"39.130434782608695%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePresent\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"29.431438127090303%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30(32.61%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.438127090301002%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62(67.39%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.156285390713476%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRCV\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.250283125707814%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAbsent\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.966024915062288%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e93(51.10%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.645526613816534%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e89(48.90%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.002265005662514%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.211778029445073%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.040770101925254%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.2480181200453%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.325028312570781%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.154020385050963%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"39.130434782608695%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePresent\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"29.431438127090303%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.438127090301002%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21(100.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.156285390713476%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGTH length\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.250283125707814%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026le; 8.24 mm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.966024915062288%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42(40.00%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.645526613816534%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63(60.00%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.002265005662514%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.532\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.211778029445073%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.286-0.97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.040770101925254%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.042\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.2480181200453%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.512\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.325028312570781%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.268-0.958\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.154020385050963%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.039\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"39.130434782608695%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt; 8.24 mm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"29.431438127090303%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51(52.04%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.438127090301002%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47(47.96%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.156285390713476%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGTH diameter\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.250283125707814%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026le; 5.69 mm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.966024915062288%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52(47.27%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.645526613816534%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58(52.73%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.002265005662514%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.667\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.211778029445073%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.299-1.431\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.040770101925254%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.306\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.2480181200453%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.325028312570781%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.154020385050963%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"39.130434782608695%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt; 5.69 mm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"29.431438127090303%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41(44.09%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.438127090301002%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52(55.91%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.156285390713476%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eD\u003csub\u003eGTH to pan\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.250283125707814%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026le; 21.49 mm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.966024915062288%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47 (47.00%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.645526613816534%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53(53.00%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.002265005662514%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.246\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.211778029445073%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.069-0.695\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.040770101925254%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.015\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.2480181200453%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.311\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.325028312570781%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.085-0.916\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.154020385050963%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.049\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"39.130434782608695%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt; 21.49 mm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"29.431438127090303%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46(44.66)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.438127090301002%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57(55.34%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.156285390713476%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eD\u003csub\u003eGTH to duo\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.250283125707814%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026le; 44.6 mm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.966024915062288%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54(51.92%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.645526613816534%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50(48.08%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.002265005662514%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.752\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.211778029445073%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.384-1.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.040770101925254%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.399\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.2480181200453%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.325028312570781%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.154020385050963%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"39.130434782608695%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt; 44.6 mm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"29.431438127090303%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39(39.39%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.438127090301002%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60(60.61%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.156285390713476%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eD\u003csub\u003eGTH to icv\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.250283125707814%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026le; 34.8 mm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.966024915062288%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48(46.60%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.645526613816534%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55(53.40%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.002265005662514%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.809\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.211778029445073%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.458-1.421\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.040770101925254%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.462s\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.2480181200453%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.325028312570781%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.154020385050963%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"39.130434782608695%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt; 34.8 mm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"29.431438127090303%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45(45.00%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.438127090301002%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55（55.00%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.156285390713476%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe trajectory of ICA\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.250283125707814%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePosterior\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.966024915062288%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49 (46.67%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.645526613816534%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56 53.33%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.002265005662514%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.074\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.211778029445073%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.618-1.869\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.040770101925254%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.801\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.2480181200453%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.325028312570781%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.154020385050963%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"39.130434782608695%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAnterior\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"29.431438127090303%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44 (44.90%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.438127090301002%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54 (55.10%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.156285390713476%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFormer classification\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.250283125707814%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGastro-pancreatic-colic trunk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.966024915062288%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78(45.88%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.645526613816534%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e92(54.12%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.002265005662514%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRef\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.211778029445073%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.040770101925254%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.2480181200453%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.325028312570781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.154020385050963%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.435356200527705%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGastro-pancreatic trunk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.609498680738787%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13(41.94%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.401055408970976%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18(58.06%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.992084432717678%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.174\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.060686015831134%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.544-2.593\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.366754617414248%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.685\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.443271767810026%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.192612137203167%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.49868073878628%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.435356200527705%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAbsence\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.609498680738787%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2(100%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.401055408970976%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.992084432717678%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.060686015831134%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA-2.104\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.366754617414248%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.988\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.443271767810026%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.192612137203167%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.49868073878628%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"10\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRCA = right colic artery; GTH = gastrocolic trunk of Henle; D\u003csub\u003eGTH to pan\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sub\u003e= distance from GTH to inferior border of pancreas; D\u003csub\u003eGTH to duo\u003c/sub\u003e = distance from GTH to inferior border of duodenum; D\u003csub\u003eGTH to icv\u003c/sub\u003e = distance from GTH to ileocolic vein; ICA = ileocolic artery; * indicates significant differences.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 4.\u003c/strong\u003e Drainage variations of middle colic vein\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv align=\"\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"476\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.3781512605042%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVariables\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.327731092436974%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1 MCV\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.80672268907563%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.10924369747899%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2 MCVs\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.3781512605042%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.3781512605042%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCases, n (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.327731092436974%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e178(87.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.80672268907563%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.10924369747899%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25 (12.32%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.3781512605042%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.3781512605042%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDrained into, n (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.327731092436974%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSMV\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.80672268907563%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e121 (59.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.10924369747899%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSMV \u0026amp; GTH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.3781512605042%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (4.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.3781512605042%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.327731092436974%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGTH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.80672268907563%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19 (9.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.10924369747899%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSMV \u0026amp; SMV\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.3781512605042%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (3.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.3781512605042%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.327731092436974%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIMV\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.80672268907563%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17 (8.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.10924369747899%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSMV \u0026amp; FJV\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.3781512605042%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (1.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.3781512605042%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.327731092436974%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFJV\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.80672268907563%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 (7.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.10924369747899%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSMV \u0026amp; SV\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.3781512605042%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (1.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.3781512605042%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.327731092436974%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSV\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.80672268907563%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (3.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.10924369747899%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSMV \u0026amp; IMV\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.3781512605042%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.3781512605042%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.327731092436974%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.80672268907563%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.10924369747899%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGTH \u0026amp; IMV\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.3781512605042%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (1.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.3781512605042%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.327731092436974%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.80672268907563%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.10924369747899%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGTH \u0026amp; FJV\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.3781512605042%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"5\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMCV = middle colic vein; SMV = superior mesenteric vein; GTH =\u0026nbsp;gastrocolic trunk of Henle; FJV = first jejunal vein; IMV = inferior mesenteric vein; SV = splenic vein.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 5.\u003c/strong\u003e Univariate and multivariate analysis of MCV classification by its converging into SMV\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv align=\"\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"675\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.25925925925926%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnatomical features\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.703703703703704%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGroup\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.037037037037038%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRight-sided\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.333333333333332%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLeft-sided\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.666666666666664%\" colspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnivariate analysis\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"24.731182795698924%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(n=156)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.161290322580644%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(n=47)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.118279569892474%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOR\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.795698924731184%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCI\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.193548387096774%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e.value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.281899109792285%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGender\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.72700296735905%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.062314540059347%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e91 (80.53%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.359050445103858%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22 (19.47%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.050445103857566%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.591\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.72700296735905%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.827-3.083\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.792284866468842%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.163\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.36094674556213%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.023668639053255%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65 (72.22%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.61538461538461%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25 (27.78%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.281899109792285%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAge\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.72700296735905%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026le; 56.49 y\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.062314540059347%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e83 (79.05%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.359050445103858%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22 (20.95%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.050445103857566%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.292\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.72700296735905%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.672-2.484\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.792284866468842%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.442\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.36094674556213%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt; 56.49 y\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.023668639053255%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73 (74.49%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.61538461538461%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25 (25.51%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.281899109792285%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRCA\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.72700296735905%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAbsent\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.062314540059347%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e83(74.77%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.359050445103858%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28(25.23%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.050445103857566%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.772\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.72700296735905%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.393-1.488\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.792284866468842%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.443\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.36094674556213%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePresent\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.023668639053255%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73(89.02%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.61538461538461%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19(10.98%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.281899109792285%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRCV\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.72700296735905%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAbsent\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.062314540059347%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e145(79.67%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.359050445103858%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37(20.33%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.050445103857566%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.563\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.72700296735905%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1.387-9.09\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.792284866468842%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.007\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.36094674556213%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePresent\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.023668639053255%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11(52.38%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.61538461538461%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10(47.62%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.281899109792285%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGTH length\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.72700296735905%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026le; 18.7 mm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.062314540059347%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e151(76.26%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.359050445103858%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47(23.74%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.050445103857566%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.72700296735905%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA-4.86024513137387e+41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.792284866468842%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.989\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.36094674556213%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt; 18.7 mm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.023668639053255%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5(100.00%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.61538461538461%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.281899109792285%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGTH diameter\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.72700296735905%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026le; 4.3 mm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.062314540059347%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17(78.83%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.359050445103858%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7(21.17%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.050445103857566%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.699\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.72700296735905%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.28-1.914\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.792284866468842%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.459\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.36094674556213%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt; 4.3 mm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.023668639053255%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e139(77.65%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.61538461538461%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40(22.35%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.281899109792285%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eD\u003csub\u003eGTH to pan\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.72700296735905%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026le; 15.7 mm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.062314540059347%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24(66.67%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.359050445103858%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12(33.33%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.050445103857566%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.72700296735905%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.244-1.193\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.792284866468842%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.114\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.36094674556213%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt; 15.7 mm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.023668639053255%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e132(79.04%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.61538461538461%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35(20.96%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.281899109792285%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eD\u003csub\u003eGTH to duo\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.72700296735905%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026le; 39.3 mm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.062314540059347%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37(68.52%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.359050445103858%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17(31.48%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.050445103857566%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.549\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.72700296735905%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.274-1.119\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.792284866468842%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.093\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.36094674556213%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt; 39.3 mm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.023668639053255%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e119(79.87%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.61538461538461%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30(20.13%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.281899109792285%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eD\u003csub\u003eGTH to icv\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.72700296735905%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026le; 41.6 mm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.062314540059347%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e112(74.67%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.359050445103858%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38(25.33%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.050445103857566%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.603\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.72700296735905%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.256-1.303\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.792284866468842%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.218\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.36094674556213%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt; 41.6 mm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.023668639053255%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44(83.02%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.61538461538461%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9(16.98%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.281899109792285%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe trajectory of ICA\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.72700296735905%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePosterior\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.062314540059347%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e112(74.77%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.359050445103858%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38(74.77%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.050445103857566%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.156\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.72700296735905%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.601-2.229\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.792284866468842%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.663\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.36094674556213%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAnterior\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.023668639053255%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44(74.77%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.61538461538461%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9(74.77%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"7\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRCA = right colic artery; GTH = gastrocolic trunk of Henle; D\u003csub\u003eGTH to pan\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sub\u003e= distance from GTH to inferior border of pancreas; D\u003csub\u003eGTH to duo\u003c/sub\u003e = distance from GTH to inferior border of duodenum; D\u003csub\u003eGTH to icv\u003c/sub\u003e = distance from GTH to ileocolic vein; ICA = ileocolic artery; * indicates significant differences.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"CT venography, Anatomic variation, Gastrocolic trunk of Henle, Middle colic vein","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4853520/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4853520/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eIn hepatic flexure and transverse colon cancer surgeries, mobilizing the right mesocolon and precisely dissecting the gastrocolic trunk of Henle (GTH) are crucial. Previous classifications of GTH tributaries do not guide radical right hemicolectomy due to post-procedural anatomical acquisition. This study analyzed vessel associations, including the middle colic vein (MCV) converging site, right colic artery (RCA) presence, and other GTH tributaries, using ultra-thin CT for reconstruction. GTH anatomy was categorized into medial and lateral types based on colic tributary convergence relative to ASPDV. Results showed the colic tributary joined GTH lateral to ASPDV in 45.81% and medial in 54.19% of cases. RCA presence was strongly linked to the lateral GTH type (56.76% vs. 43.24%, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) when RCA was absent. MCV converged into the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) on the left side in 23.15% of cases, correlating with the right colic vein presence (odds ratio\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.563, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.007). This novel GTH variation pattern via high-level CT venography significantly correlates with RCA presence, aiding surgeons in anticipating GTH anatomy during laparoscopic radical right hemicolectomy.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Anatomic association between the gastrocolic trunk of Henle and right colic artery by high-quality CT venography ","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-09-12 12:23:00","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4853520/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2024-11-29T18:34:48+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-11-29T16:23:47+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"312646598901106492442680121281231927196","date":"2024-11-29T13:36:22+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-11-17T21:11:51+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"109014492273809501500399811856488373407","date":"2024-11-01T14:12:26+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"137122410283297335616624197347713238596","date":"2024-11-01T13:04:03+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2024-11-01T12:33:25+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2024-11-01T12:28:07+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2024-08-08T07:26:51+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2024-08-06T13:51:28+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2024-08-03T13:22:19+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"0c4b742d-8392-4457-801d-3fdc49ba7dd0","owner":[],"postedDate":"September 12th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":36917711,"name":"Health sciences/Anatomy"},{"id":36917712,"name":"Health sciences/Gastroenterology"},{"id":36917713,"name":"Health sciences/Medical research"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-01-06T16:04:22+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-4853520","link":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-83588-w","journal":{"identity":"scientific-reports","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Scientific Reports"},"publishedOn":"2024-12-30 15:57:08","publishedOnDateReadable":"December 30th, 2024"},"versionCreatedAt":"2024-09-12 12:23:00","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1038/s41598-024-83588-w","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-83588-w","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4853520","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4853520","identity":"rs-4853520","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}