The effect of Ensosila (Impatiens tinctoria) on soil physico-chemical properties across soil depth and topographic position in Northern Ethiopia

The effect of Ensosila (Impatiens tinctoria) on soil physico-chemical properties across soil depth and topographic position in Northern Ethiopia | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article The effect of Ensosila (Impatiens tinctoria) on soil physico-chemical properties across soil depth and topographic position in Northern Ethiopia Halefom Giday, Kassa Teka, Yemane Welday This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8170105/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background and Aims Impatiens tinctoria A. Rich, locally known as Ensosila, is a traditional cosmetic herb native to East Africa, specifically Tigray, Ethiopia. In Southern Tigray, where this study took place, Ensosila has been cultivated on small farms for its cosmetic uses for many years. However, the species is now facing the threat of extinction due to limited awareness of its additional benefits like its potential impact on soil productivity. Hence, this study was initiated to investigate the effects of Ensosila cultivation on selected soil physico-chemical properties across soil depths and topographic positions. Methods Soil samples were taken from two land uses, Ensosila planted and non-planted farmlands, two soil depths (0–30 cm and 30–60 cm) and three topographic positions (upper, middle and lower). Key soil parameters including texture, bulk density (BD), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (Av.P) and exchangeable potassium (Ex.K) were taken as major indicators. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and mean comparisons were made using LSD. Results The results revealed that all tested soil parameters were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by land use. Ensosila planted soils had 1.4%, 6.3%, 31.9%, 46.2%, 27.6% and 7.4% higher pH, EC, SOC, TN, Av. P and Ex.K, respectively. Plantation of the herb also resulted 3.3% lower in BD. Furthermore, its residual effect contributed to a 15.53 kg/ha of di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) equivalent. Conclusions It can be concluded that Ensosila had a potential impact on enhancing soil physico-chemical properties. Di-Ammonium Phosphate Endamehoni district Key soil parameters Residual effect Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Introduction In many countries, people have been using natural substances such as Impatiens to increase their natural beauty for thousands of years (Akbar, 2020 ; Chungkrang & Bhuyan, 2020 ; Sripriya, 2024 ; Vaidya et al., 2023 ). Cosmetics from parts of the plant such as bark, leaf, flowers, roots, fruits and seeds are used by people to improve their natural beauty, maintaining a youthful appearance, increase their sensuality, and preserve their health and hygiene (Desam & Al-Rajab, 2021 ; John et al., 2014 ; Vaidya et al., 2023 ). Globally, there are more than 1000 Impatiens species distributed while more than 100 species have been cultivated both annually and perennially with high succulent stems in Africa (Cheek et al., 2022 ; Gadagkar et al., 2023 ; Janssens et al., 2012 ). Impatiens tinctoria is one of the largest species in the genus of Impatiens and is dominant in East African countries such as Ethiopia, Sudan, Uganda, Zaire, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi and Zambia (Seboka, 2017 ). In the regions of Ethiopia, Ensosila (Impatiens tinctoria) is one of the most abundant perennial herb species commonly found in East Shewa (Alemayehu et al., 2022 ; Burju et al., 2014 ; Gurmessa et al., 2013 ; Nune, 2008 ), Butajura (Degu et al., 2020 ), Endamohoni Tigray (Amede & Taye, 2015 ), South Gondar and West Gojjam (A. B. Mekonnen et al., 2022 ; Yayesh et al., 2015 ). It is growing vertically up to 2 m tall, branching, succulent hollow stem and a smooth tuber with a large tuberous rootstock up to 30 cm × 10 cm (Fig. 1 A & B) that lies below the soil surface (Chen et al., 2020 ; Matthews et al., 2015 ; Seboka, 2017 ). It also tends to grow in wet deep clay loam soils, gentle slope, usually at an altitude ranging from 750 to 3630 m above sea level with about 10–27 o C preferable temperature interval (Hailesilassie, 2016 ; Matthews et al., 2015 ; Seboka, 2017 ). It propagates easily by cutting (Favi et al., 2021 ; Jansen, 2005 ; Kaviani et al., 2021 ). Traditionally, Ensosila is used to treat various diseases such as bacterial and fungal infections (Gidamo, 2023 ; Li et al., 2024 ; Yang et al., 2001 ), cough medicine with phlegm, skin inflammation, and healing burns (Hedberg, 1996 ; Pimple et al., 2023 ). Ethiopian women also use Ensosila ( Impatiens tinctoria) as beautifying agent (Amede & Taye, 2015 ). They chop the inner part of the tubers into a paste to dye the palm hands (Fig. 1 C & D) and nails and making complicated patterns on the hands and feet even during festivity (Hedberg, 1996 ). Furthermore, Ensosila is grown as a cash herb in both rain-fed and supplementary irrigation systems that has been cultivated in small farmlands by smallholder farmers (Zuberi et al., 2014 ). However, the herb is currently in a threat of extinction as farmers have a limited knowledge of the multifunctional benefits of the plant species (e.g. effect on soil productivity) other than its cosmetic and medicinal uses. In this case, a critical study that deals on planting Ensosila species and its effect on soil physico-chemical properties is scant. Hence, this study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effect of Ensosila on selected soil physical and chemical properties in Endamehoni district, Southern Tigray (northern Ethiopia). Materials and Methods Description of the study area The study was carried out at the Embahasti kebelle of Endamehoni district, Southern Tigray (Northern Ethiopia). It is geographically located at 39 o 31’ − 39 o 35’ E and 12 o 48’ − 12 o 53’ N (Fig. 2 ) at about 121 km south of Mekelle city (the Tigray capital) with an average elevation of about 2,875 m.a.s.l (AREP, 2015 ). Embahasti Kebelle represents the highlands cool sub-moist to moist and partially the mid-highland areas of the district. It has erratic, unevenly distributed and bimodal rainfall. The short rainy season locally known as “Belgi” occurs usually from mid-January to March (15%) and the main rain season is locally described as “Kiremti” that comes during mid June to mid-September (85%). The annual mean rainfall ranges from 600 to 950 mm. The annual temperature ranges between 12 ˚C and 18 ˚C (Hagos & Girma, 2018 ; Van Beek et al., 2016 ). The area is dominated by basalt parent materials and the geological formation was Alaje formation and Ashnge formation (FAO & ISRIC, 2012 ). In addition, the soil types in the study area were grouped into chromic Vertisols and eutric Cambisols (AREP, 2015 ; Van Beek et al., 2016 ). From the total cultivated area, about 26 hectare (3.26%) was planted with Ensosila (Impatiens tinctoria ) in the year 2024. Data collection method Study site selection criteria and reconnaissance survey The study site, Embahasti Kebelle, was selected due to the dominant presence of Ensosila tuber plant. About ten trips of reconnaissance field survey were carried out in order to identify the two land use types (Ensosila planted and never planted areas), and characterize and take soil samples (Figs. 3 and 4 ). With these adjacent representative land uses, two soil depths (0–30 and 30–60 cm) and three topographic positions that have different elevation ranges (upper topographic position = > 2900 m, middle topographic position = 2850–2900 m and lower topographic position = 2,800–2,850 m) were used for the study (Fig. 4 ). This classification helps to characterize the soil parameters and nutrient availability under the three elevation classes (Seifu et al., 2020 ). Soil sampling and analysis method A total of 72 soil samples (36 undisturbed and 36 disturbed) were taken from the two land use types, two soil depths and three topographic locations replicated three times before the tillage operations. The disturbed soil samples were collected and thoroughly mixed, transported to the laboratory, air-dried, crushed and made to pass through a 2 mm sieve. These samples were used for soil chemical properties (pH, EC, SOC, TN, Av.P and Ex.K) analysis using standard laboratory methods (Table 1 ). Laboratory work was done at Mekelle Soil Research Center, Tigray Agricultural Research Institute, Mekelle, Ethiopia. The undisturbed soil samples were collected using core sampler for bulk density and coarse fragment determination. Soil moisture content was determined gravimetrically by oven drying the whole soil at 105 ◦ C for 24 hours to calculate the dry fine BD (Blake & Hartge, 2018 ). An adjustment for pure fine bulk density was made by identifying and measuring coarse fragment proportion because it affects the soil carbon estimation (Ellert et al., 2001 ). Table 1 Selected soil properties and their method of analysis Parameters Method of analysis Sources Soil Texture Hydrometer (Bouyoucos, 1962 ) BD Excavation/Core method (Blake & Hartge, 2018 ) pH Soil: Water ratio 1: 2.5 (Jackson, 1967 ) EC Soil: Water ratio 1: 2.5 (Corwin & Rhoades, 1984 ) SOC Walkley and Black method (Walkley & Black, 1934 ) Total N Kjeldahl method (Bremner & Mulvaney, 1982 ) Av. P Extraction method (Olsen, 1954 ) Ex. K Neutral ammonium acetate (Jackson, 1958 ) Statistical analysis Data were tested for normal distribution before analysis. Then, all the collected data were subjected to analysis using GenStat software version 18th (Goedhart & Thissen, 2018 ). For the quantitative variables, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson correlation were used within the general linear model (GML) to compare the significance change in soil physicochemical properties and significances differences were compared using the least significance difference (LSD) comparison method at 5% probability (0.05 significance level). Results Effect of Ensosila on soil physical properties Soil particle content was significantly ( p < 0.05) affected by land use (Table 2). The proportion of sand, silt and clay in percent was increased by 13.7%, decreased by 1.4% and decreased by12.3% respectively in non-planted areas. The soil particle size distribution on different land uses along soil depth and elevation difference was significantly different. Along the topographic position, the lowest sand content was also recorded in the lower topographic position (Table 2). Table 2. Effect of Ensosila along soil depth and topographic position on means of particle size distribution and BD ***, ** and * indicate significant different at 0.1% (p < 0.001), 1% (p < 0.01) and 5% (p < 0.05) level of significance respectively; ns: non-significant with m eans followed by different letters in the same row showed significantly different on LSD test; NP: non-planted area; P: planted area ; SD: Soil depth; EA: Elevation Aspect Soil bulk density was significantly ( p < 0.05) affected by land use. The bulk density in both land uses has increased in magnitude with soil depth. The lowest value was recorded on soils in planted areas, with 6.67% and 1.56% reduction at the top and lower depths, respectively. Effect of Ensosila on soil chemical properties Comprehensively, pH has shown a 1.36% increase on planted areas compared to the non-planted areas. The mean pH (H 2 O) value was found to be neutral (7.35) on the non-planted area and mildly alkaline (7.45) on the Ensosila planted area (Table 3) as per the rating of (Beyene et al., 2023) and (Wogi et al., 2021). Ensosila plantation had significant ( p < 0.05) effect on soil pH, with the lowest value on non-planted areas. The result revealed that Ensosila along soil depth has resulted in a 2.2% and 0.54% increase in pH at both topsoil and subsurface layer, respectively. In relation to topographic position, the planted area has increased by 1.6%, 1.1% and 1.2% in upper, middle and lower, respectively (Table 3). There was statistically ( p < 0.05) significant difference in EC content between land uses and soil depths with the highest value in the lower depth and in the planted areas. There was a significant difference ( p < 0.05) in soil organic carbon content among land use types (Table 3). The mean Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) concentration varied from 14.4 g/kg (Ensosila non-planted area) to 19 g/kg (Ensosila planted area), which was in the range of moderate to high according to the classification made in (Hazelton & Murphy, 2007). According to Hazelton and Murphy, OC is classified as very low ( 19.9 g/kg). The findings showed that Ensosila plantation has increased SOC content by 31.9%. The mean value of organic carbon has also shown a decreasing trend across depth with a statistically significant difference ( p < 0.05). This is related to a decrease in faunal activities in the underlying horizons as reported in (Lawal et al., 2014). The soil organic carbon (SOC) was significantly ( p < 0.05) higher in the lower topographic position (16.12 g/kg) followed by middle (14.5 g/kg) and upper (13.25 g/kg) in the area of non-planted. This trend was also confirmed in the other land use type with lowest value recorded at the upper topographic position (16.87 g/kg) followed by middle (18.95 g/kg) and lower (21.3 g/kg). Table 3. Effect of Ensosila along soil depth and topographic position on means of soil pH, EC, SOC and TN SD and EA pH H2O (1:2.5) EC H2O (1:2.5) (dS/m) SOC (g/kg) TN (g/kg) NP P LSD 0.05 CV (%) NP P LSD 0.05 CV (%) NP P LSD 0.05 CV (%) NP P LSD 0.05 CV (%) 0 – 30 cm 7.3 b 7.46 a 0.112 ** 1.5 0.079 0.083 0.004 ns 5.2 15.36 b 20.80 a 0.937 *** 11.0 1.57 b 2.11 a 0.256 *** 13.9 30 – 60 cm 7.4 7.44 0.108 ns 1.5 0.082 b 0.088 a 0.003 ** 4.0 13.47 b 17.28 a 1.619 *** 10.5 1.56 b 1.80 a 0.257 *** 17.4 Upper Middle 7.36 7.35 7.48 7.43 0.153 ns 0.156 ns 1.6 1.6 0.078 0.081 0.083 0.085 0.006 ns 0.005 ns 5.4 4.4 13.25 b 14.5 b 16.87 a 18.95 a 2.019 *** 1.834 *** 10.6 8.50 1.22 b 1.30 b 1.67 a 1.97 a 0.315 ** 0.318 *** 17.0 15.2 Lower 7.35 7.44 0.148 ns 1.6 0.083 0.087 0.005 ns 4.6 16.12 b 21.3 a 2.449 *** 10.2 1.57 b 2.23 a 0.347 ** 14.2 Grand mean 7.35 b 7.45 a 0.07 ** 1.64 0.08 b 0.085 a 0.002 *** 5.8 14.4 b 19 a 0.37 *** 19.44 1.30 b 1.90 a 0.12 *** 25.96 ***, ** and * indicate significant different at 0.1% (p < 0.001), 1% (p < 0.01) and 5% (p < 0.05) level of significance respectively; ns: non-significant with m eans followed by different letters in the same row showed significantly different on LSD test; NP: non-planted area; P: planted area ; SD: Soil depth; EA: Elevation Aspect Total nitrogen had shown a significant variation among land uses ( p < 0.001). The average value of total nitrogen (TN) content was higher on Ensosila planted areas (1.9 g/kg) as compared to the other land use type (1.3 g/kg). These values are classified as low to medium following Havlin et al . (1999) classification guideline. Havlin and others classified total N as very low ( 2.5 g/kg). The result showed that the average value of total nitrogen decreased with an increase in soil depth on both land uses (Table 3). It is 34.4% and 15.4% higher in the planted topsoil layer (0 – 30 cm) and subsurface layer (30 – 60 cm), respectively, compared to its corresponding non-planted one. Total nitrogen value under different land uses along soil depth had also shown a significant difference ( p < 0.05). The total nitrogen content showed a decreasing trend with elevation: upper topographic position (1.22 g/kg) < middle (1.30 g/kg) < lower (1.57 g/kg) at non-planted area while 1.67 g/kg < 1.97 g/kg < 2.23 g/kg, respectively at planted area. The Av.P recorded in the planted area was 20.13 mg/kg while 15.78 mg/kg was in the non-planted area (Table 4). These were, respectively, categorized as high and medium following to the (Wogi et al., 2021) classification guide that categorized Av.P values as very low ( 25 mg/kg). It was statistically different ( p < 0.05) between the land uses, with a 27.6% increase in the planted area. Available phosphorus (Av.P) was significantly ( p < 0.05) different along soil depth. A higher value was recorded at the top soil layer (22.42 mg/kg) than that of the subsurface layer (17.85 mg/kg). The available phosphorus content was also statistically significantly ( p < 0.005) different in the upper topographic position but not significant different in the middle and lower topographic positions. However, the trend was inversely related to topographic position that showed an increase in available phosphorus with a decrease in elevation. For instance, Av.P was higher (20.75 mg/kg) at the lower position as compared to the upper position (19.61 mg/kg) (Table 4), which is, respectively, classified as high and lower following (Wogi et al., 2021) classification guide. Table 4. Effect of Ensosila along soil depth and topographic position on means of Av.P and Ex. K SD and EA Av.P (mg/kg) Ex. K (cmol(+)/kg) NP P LSD 0.05 CV (%) P value NP P LSD 0.05 CV (%) P value 0 – 30 cm 18.11 b 22.42 a 3.40 ** 16.8 0.016 0.7 0.72 0.052 ns 7.5 0.064 30 – 60 cm 13.45 b 17.85 a 3.74 * 23.9 0.024 0.66 b 0.73 a 0.043 * 5.9 0.047 Upper 12.37 b 20.04 a 5.74 ** 27.6 0.014 0.67 b 0.70 a 0.025 * 2.9 0.043 Middle 16.62 19.61 5.37 ns 23 0.243 0.67 0.71 0.046 ns 5.1 0.053 Lower 18.35 20.75 4.26 ns 16.9 0.237 0.71 0.77 0.082 ns 8.6 0.191 Grand mean 15.78 b 20.13 a 2.207 *** 26.14 < 0.001 0.68 b 0.73 a 0.029 ** 7.34 0.008 ***, ** and * indicate significant different at 0.1% (p < 0.001), 1% (p < 0.01) and 5% (p < 0.05) level of significance respectively; ns: non-significant with m eans followed by different letters in the same row showed significantly different on LSD test; NP: non-planted area; P: planted area ; SD: Soil depth; EA: Elevation Aspect Exchangeable Potassium (Ex. K) ranged from 0.68 to 0.73 cmol (+)/kg (Table 4) and its rating was high at both land uses (planted and non-planted areas) following (Wogi et al., 2021) classification guideline. Wogi and others classified exchangeable Potassium as Very low ( 1.2 cmol (+)/kg). Potassium (K) was observed in a 7.35% higher amount in planted area (0.73 Cmol (+)/kg) than in the remaining non-planted area. Regarding to soil depth, the mean exchangeable potassium (Ex. K) content of the soil across the non-planted and planted study area was 0.70 cmol (+)/kg and 0.72 cmol (+)/kg at the topsoil surface while 0.66 cmol (+)/kg and 0.73 cmol (+)/kg at subsurface layer which was decreasing and increasing to down as soil depth increased, respectively (Table 4). The result showed that potassium on planted area has increased by 2.86% at topsoil (0 – 30 cm) and 10.6% at the subsurface layer (30 – 60 cm). Exchangeable potassium did not show a statistically significant difference ( p > 0.05) across the topsoil soil layers but significantly different ( p < 0.05) on the subsurface layer. Exchangeable potassium was statistically significantly different (p 0.05) in the middle and lower positions. The highest exchangeable potassium was recorded at the lower topographic position compared to the middle and upper (Table 4) at both land uses. It was recorded 0.67 cmol (+)/kg, 0.67 cmol (+)/kg and 0.71 cmol (+)/kg at the upper, middle and lower topographic position, respectively in the non-planted area; while 0.70 cmol (+)/kg, 0.71 cmol (+)/kg and 0.77 cmol (+)/kg at the planted area. Discussion Effect of Ensosila on soil physical properties The proportion of silt and clay was higher in the Ensolila planted areas than their corresponding non-planted ones but sand fraction was lower at the Ensolila planted areas. These findings are consistent with Merga et al., ( 2023 ) that reported there was low clay content in surface layers of cultivated lands as a result of the removal of particles through erosion (both water and wind). The high clay fraction in the Ensolila planted area might also be due to the high organic matter added by the herb. Having these organic matter, clay particles stick-up with the tuberous plants of Ensosila (Ufot et al., 2016 ). In addition, the residual decayed leaves and stems of organic matter contributes to soil aggregation that enhances soil structure, improves water retention and stability of clay particles (Li et al., 2024 ). This finding aligns with the findings stated in Gadana (2021) that reported clay content remained stable (35–40%) in tuber crop fields, while adjacent wheat plots lost 10% clay due to erosion and Microbial biomass (linked to clay-SOM bonding). The average sand content of soils on Ensosila planted area decreases with depth, while an increase in sand content was observed on the non-planted soils. This corresponds with the findings of Asmare et al., ( 2023 ), Assefa et al., ( 2020 ), Fetene & Amera, ( 2018 ) Kebebew et al., ( 2022 ) and Masha et al., ( 2023 ) that reveals sand content is higher in cereal cultivated land than Agroforestry, grass land, Enset cultivated land and shrub land. This could be related to the organic matter addition from Ensosila that enhances soil structure and water retention as well as less erosion prone to loss fine particles. The decreasing fraction from upper to lower topographic position agrees with the findings of (Haile et al., 2024 ). This was mainly related to a low erosion rate as well as higher material deposition at the lower position, while high erosion which migrates fine materials selectively away and leaves coarse particles in the upper position (Bufebo et al., 2021 ; Endrias et al., 2024 ; Jaleta Negasa, 2020 ; Seifu et al., 2020 ). In addition, mulch straw obtained from vegetable residues conserve fine soil particles from vulnerability of erosion by reducing runoff (El-Beltagi et al., 2022 ). Cumulatively, mean soil bulk density in Ensosila planted area has shown a 3.25% reduction as compared to its corresponding non-planted one. The decrease in bulk density in the planted area could be due to higher organic matter addition by the Ensosila herb. In this regard, (Mebrate et al., 2022 ) and (Sun et al., 2018 ) reported that crop residues addition and reduced tillage increased soil organic matter content, resulted in less soil disturbance and reduced soil bulk density. Similarly, this result is in agreement with the findings of (Seifu et al., 2021 ) that reported low and high bulk density values due to variation in contents of clay fraction and organic matter. However, soil bulk density was not significantly affected by topography but numerical value was recorded as order as upper position > middle position > lower position in both land uses. This result is in line with the findings of (Seifu et al., 2021 ) that reported mean value of bulk density in Lower elevation (2722–2800 m) < Middle elevation (2800–3100 m) < upper elevation (3100–3944 m) and statistically significant ( p < 0.05). Effect of Ensosila on soil chemical properties This lower value can be the result of removal of basic cations due to erosion (Amusan, et al., 2006 ; Fentie et al., 2020 ; Selassie et al., 2015 ). The increment in pH values along the soil depth has been exsisted. This result could be associated with a higher organic matter content from Ensoisla as it can bind tightly or traps basic cations, this may lead to decreased H + concentration and increased pH of the soil (Assefa et al., 2020 ; Bahilu et al., 2016 ; Bufebo et al., 2021 ; Seifu et al., 2020 ). A similar result was recorded in (Azeez et al., 2018 ) that showed pH has decreased as soil depth increased in plantation while (Dhaliwal et al., 2023 ) and (Kaur et al., 2020 ) increased as soil depth increased due to leaching effect of the basic cations. The mean value of soil pH along elevation was statistically ( p > 0.05) different. In the planted areas, the EC content was significantly difference with highest result in the subsurface soil depth. The reason is might due to soluble salts of anions and cations move downward with leaching runoff, accumulating toward subsurface soil depth. In addition, since Ensosila tuber root is fleshy, it has the capacity to hold water having soluble salts (Gidamo, 2023 ; Seboka, 2017 ). This, in turn, might have caused an increase in EC values down the depth (Assefa et al., 2020 ; Dhaliwal et al., 2023 ). Similar studies such as (Dong et al., 2017 ) and (Ibrahim et al., 2022 ) stated that the highest accumulation of base forming cations like Ca + 2 , Mg + 2 , K + 2 and high accumulation of CaCO 3 leads to increased EC. However, topographic position had no significant effect on EC. This result is in par with (Hailemariam et al., 2023 ) and (Kamal et al., 2023 ) that explained EC had no major difference along altitude. The soil organic content along the land use type, there was high SOC content in the Ensosila plantation areas than non-planted areas. This is related to the high addition of organic materials through leaf fall or crop residues of the herb (Tsui et al., 2004 ). On the other hand, Ensosila plant has fat and fleshy tuber that regulates the runoff and soil loss; penetrates the soil depth that enhances the soil aeration and captures water and plant nutrients; boosts soil microbial activity that decomposes and incorporates the organic matter (Fentie et al., 2020 ; Sun et al., 2018 ; Tesemma, 2013 ). Likewise, (Lal, 2001 ) and (Abera & Belachew, 2011 ) stated that most cultivated land soils of Ethiopia are poor in their SOC content due to the low amount of organic materials applied to the soil and complete removal of the biomass from the field. Regarding to soil depth and topographic position, SOC content becomes decreasing as soil depth increase but increasing at lower topographic position. This is related to a decrease in faunal activities in the underlying horizons as reported in (Lawal et al., 2014 ) while high deposition of organic and fine materials at the lower topographic position (M. Mekonnen & Getahun, 2020 ). (Qiu et al., 2021 ) also highlighted a significant reduction of SOC mineralization at erodible sites. The practices of ex-situ organic materials in lower topographic position protects the long term fertility of the soils by maintaining a high level of OM content and increasing soil biological activities (Negash et al., 2012 ). The highest total nitrogen content observed in the planted area may be attributed to the continuous input of organic matter, such as leaf litter and stems, from Ensosila. As these materials decompose, microbial activity facilitates their conversion into nitrogenous compounds (Birhane et al., 2020 ; Fahad et al., 2022 ; Kebede, 2021 ; Okolo et al., 2022 ; Song et al., 2023 ). Similar findings have been reported in Ethiopian agroecosystems, where organic amendments significantly enhance soil nitrogen levels (Aytenew & Bore, 2020 ; Bufebo et al., 2021 ; Tesfay et al., 2020 ; Weldewahid et al., 2023 ). Even the amount of TN across the individual soil depth was high at planted areas than compared to the non-planted areas. In agreement with this result, (Anwanane et al., 2017 ) and (Manojlović et al., 2011 ) have reported that total nitrogen was high at the topsoil layer (0–30 cm) than subsurface (30–60 cm). The trend for total nitrogen through the topographic position was increasing to down position. This remarkable difference might be attributed to the removal of organic matter connecting to the displacing of total nitrogen from upper to middle and lasting at lower topographic position tended by water erosion (Bufebo et al., 2021 ). The available phosphorus was significantly difference with high existence value in the Ensosila planted areas. This could be attributed to the continuous organic matter addition from Ensosila, which can keep phosphorus from becoming bound to aluminum and other ions, thus making it more available (Condron & Tiessen, 2005 ; Jemaludin, 2020 ; Mebrate et al., 2022 ; Regassa et al., 2023 ). Similar findings were reported in (Anwanane et al., 2017 ), (Manojlović et al., 2011 ) and (Mebrate et al., 2022 ) in that available phosphorus was found to decrease across soil depth. The increase in available phosphorus in the planted land used could be attributed to the Ensosila’s ability to reduce nutrient displacement caused by surface erosion, thereby enhancing in-situ infiltration and leaching rather than ex-situ losses. Similar findings have been reported in Northern Ethiopia, where vegetation cover significantly reduced soil erosion and nutrient depletion (VandenBygaart et al., 2021 ). Additionally, the substantial increase in available phosphorus in the subsurface layer (30–60 cm) may be linked to the decomposition of Ensosila’s tuberous biomass deposited at deeper soil depths, which can contribute to subsurface nutrient enrichment (Geleta Likasa et al., 2024 ). The loss of phosphorus via erosion might be also high on the upper position and more deposition at the lower position. Findings in (Lawal et al., 2014 ), (Bufebo et al., 2021 ), (Buraka et al., 2023 ) and (Hailemariam et al., 2023 ) also showed that Av. P decreases with an increase in elevation due to nutrient displacement by erosion. In different land uses, exchangeable potassium content has been come high in the plantation areas than the non-planted areas. This might be due to the Ensosila that conserves the weathered potassium from erosion risks along the farmland. In the other way, it might be decomposition of the plant species that could increase the exchangeable potassium in the soil. The report was supported by (Gidamo, 2023 ) that investigated the concentration of macro-nutrients found in the Ensosila plant was orderly potassium (K) > calcium (Ca) > magnesium (Mg) > sodium (Na). Other findings of Anwanane et al. ( 2017 ) revealed that the higher potassium content on the upper layer (0–30 cm) than the subsurface (30–60 cm). The result also agreed with in non-planted area but disagreed in planting area having 0.72 cmol (+)/kg in topsoil layer and 0.73 cmol (+)/kg in subsurface layer. The reason could be due to high clay content and organic matter in the subsurface layer particularly Ensosila stock zone increases the retention of cations. In addition, Tumayro and Tesgaye (2021), reported that the exchangeable bases (Ca, Mg, K and Na) increases from surface (0–15 cm) to sub- surface (15–30 cm) soil depths. It might be due to translocation of basic cations as truncating soil horizon subsurface to surface and vice versa by digging hoe for planting case. Along the topographic position, the exchangeable potassium was significantly difference at all classes between the land uses and inceasing from upper to lower position. This corresponds with the findings of (Mekuria et al., 2007 ), (Amare et al., 2013 ), (Bufebo et al., 2021 ) and (Buraka et al., 2023 ) that stated the highest exchangeable potassium in the lower position. This is might be due to the plant tuberous stock allows breaking the parent material as biological weathering (Babur, 2024 ; Dontsova et al., 2020 ) and the transportation of potassium reach materials from the upper & middle into the lower topographic position through erosion agents (Bufebo et al., 2021 ; Buraka et al., 2023 ). Conclusions This study indicated that the Ensosilatuber plant species is important to enhance both soil physicochemical properties and soil fertility. The soil pH, EC, SOC, TN, Av. P and Ex.K, respectively, increased by 1.4%, 6.3%, 31.9%, 46.2%, 27.6% and 7.4% but decreased its bulk density by 3.3% in soils under Ensosilaplanted farms. This is due to completely falling of leaf litter and decomposition of dead tuberous stocks. Furthermore, Ensosilahad prospecting potential on moisture conservation, source of nutrients and improving soil fertility due to its residual effect that contributes to a 15.53 kg/ha of DAP fertilizer equivalent. It can be concluded that Ensosila is key rotational strategic cash crop for improving soil fertility. Based on the findings, Ensosilais a contributor for selected important soil parameters and uses for improvement of soil fertility. Hence, it would advantage to use this crop as alternative rotational organic input to improve soil productivity and crop production. Abbreivations ANOVA Analysis of variance Av. P Available Phosphorus BD Bulk density CV Coefficient variance DAP Di-ammonium Phosphate EA Elevation Aspect EC Electrical conductivity Ex. K Exchangeable Potassium LSD Least significant difference NP Non-Planting Area P Planting Area pH Power of Hydrogen SD Soil depth SOC Soil Organic Carbon TN Total nitrogen Declarations Data Availability Data used in this manuscript are available upon request. Conflicts of Interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest or personal relationships that could have influenced the work reported in this paper. Authors’ Contributions Halefom Giday was involved in conceptualization, literature review, methodology, formal analysis, investigation, data curation and recordation, writing original draft, writing review and editing, and visualization. Kassa Teka was involved in conceptualization, methodology, supervision, writing, and review and editing. 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Phytother Res 15(8):676–680. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.906 Yayesh L, Shemsu U, Messay W-M (2015) Ethnobotanical study on traditional medicinal plants in Dega Damot Woreda, Amhara Region, North Ethiopia. Int J Res Pharm Chem 5(2):258–273 Zuberi MI, Kebede B, Gosaye T, Belachew O (2014) Species of herbal spices grown in the poor farmers’ home gardens of West Shoa, Highlands of Ethiopia: An Ethnobotanical account Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8170105","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":589899699,"identity":"c4b4215a-40a6-43a4-b5ea-45c0b53f772f","order_by":0,"name":"Halefom Giday","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABBUlEQVRIie3PMWrDMBiG4d8V2Iu8C0yjK6gY0uYEvUZEIVO3QPCQQcWgLoVcIPQOoeBZxuDJ0NWgJdkzpGQJpJRKNU0nqxkL1Tt9Aj9IBvD5/mAMkIDMLmR2t+xwkkBAcyLNifSzH/K15RnkOiof1iorgN6i1T5+LriI8oJA9t5LRk88Z6rRcFWF0yQuNBe4nhFoHA9TXCZv0pAcs46Q+yEJpIO8bh4PZUfSY7w0hG4N+XCQlkuwhCI8TGJhb8GGCBfZ5MT8C2YonI2WtU4lnkxvxnXqeNhduVOZHtBF9dJu5/pyEVWrdjcf9JLvMFMAF9is0B7HvwITFQDB4ZwvfT6f79/1Cdc5WJGywAhoAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5796-1471","institution":"Mekelle University College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Halefom","middleName":"","lastName":"Giday","suffix":""},{"id":589899700,"identity":"9c0c621f-4308-4309-9984-93fdaf0e6a30","order_by":1,"name":"Kassa Teka","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kassa","middleName":"","lastName":"Teka","suffix":""},{"id":589899701,"identity":"33f5f53e-ae95-4f07-ba48-c8087b160a84","order_by":2,"name":"Yemane Welday","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yemane","middleName":"","lastName":"Welday","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-11-21 06:13:08","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8170105/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8170105/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":102826744,"identity":"8fda2e6b-46d3-4709-b49e-cc2d11e88d90","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-17 09:02:34","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":629719,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eImpatiens tinctoria \u003c/em\u003eA) Shoots B) Tuber roots C) Chopping D) Pasted on palm and feet\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8170105/v1/19a29aa468cf0b83a3c784b9.png"},{"id":102826743,"identity":"d78efe56-33d8-40c4-8a4a-23138700a71a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-17 09:02:34","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":226198,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eLocation map of the study\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8170105/v1/ac4df77ed81b64a39c0f0434.png"},{"id":102826745,"identity":"bd26c3af-662a-474e-807b-55262c2bafcf","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-17 09:02:34","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":2162243,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eland use types as planted (a) and non-planted (b) areas\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8170105/v1/1877ce7309ac9711a7c4f17c.png"},{"id":102826746,"identity":"cbd50638-0a77-40e9-8e67-a79b3b3246b3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-17 09:02:34","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":577184,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eSite design and sampling points for a single land use type\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8170105/v1/42a8a5ec59d2833b6bfc917c.png"},{"id":105562871,"identity":"5129aef1-2c40-46d5-8f32-a73bc886f4d0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-27 12:45:02","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":5577770,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8170105/v1/bd9a5c59-9117-4346-af87-a699f8d8295f.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"The effect of Ensosila (Impatiens tinctoria) on soil physico-chemical properties across soil depth and topographic position in Northern Ethiopia","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn many countries, people have been using natural substances such as \u003cem\u003eImpatiens\u003c/em\u003e to increase their natural beauty for thousands of years (Akbar, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e; Chungkrang \u0026amp; Bhuyan, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e; Sripriya, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR88\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e; Vaidya et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR94\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). Cosmetics from parts of the plant such as bark, leaf, flowers, roots, fruits and seeds are used by people to improve their natural beauty, maintaining a youthful appearance, increase their sensuality, and preserve their health and hygiene (Desam \u0026amp; Al-Rajab, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e; John et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR59\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e; Vaidya et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR94\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). Globally, there are more than 1000 \u003cem\u003eImpatiens\u003c/em\u003e species distributed while more than 100 species have been cultivated both annually and perennially with high succulent stems in Africa (Cheek et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e; Gadagkar et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e; Janssens et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR57\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eImpatiens tinctoria\u003c/em\u003e is one of the largest species in the genus of \u003cem\u003eImpatiens\u003c/em\u003e and is dominant in East African countries such as Ethiopia, Sudan, Uganda, Zaire, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi and Zambia (Seboka, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR83\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e). In the regions of Ethiopia, Ensosila \u003cem\u003e(Impatiens tinctoria)\u003c/em\u003e is one of the most abundant perennial herb species commonly found in East Shewa (Alemayehu et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e; Burju et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e; Gurmessa et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e; Nune, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR77\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2008\u003c/span\u003e), Butajura (Degu et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e), Endamohoni Tigray (Amede \u0026amp; Taye, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e), South Gondar and West Gojjam (A. B. Mekonnen et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR72\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e; Yayesh et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR101\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIt is growing vertically up to 2 m tall, branching, succulent hollow stem and a smooth tuber with a large tuberous rootstock up to 30 cm \u0026times; 10 cm (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003eA \u0026amp; B) that lies below the soil surface (Chen et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e; Matthews et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR70\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e; Seboka, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR83\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e). It also tends to grow in wet deep clay loam soils, gentle slope, usually at an altitude ranging from 750 to 3630 m above sea level with about 10\u0026ndash;27 \u003csup\u003eo\u003c/sup\u003eC preferable temperature interval (Hailesilassie, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR49\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e; Matthews et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR70\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e; Seboka, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR83\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e). It propagates easily by cutting (Favi et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e; Jansen, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR56\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2005\u003c/span\u003e; Kaviani et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR62\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTraditionally, Ensosila is used to treat various diseases such as bacterial and fungal infections (Gidamo, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e; Li et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR67\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e; Yang et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR100\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2001\u003c/span\u003e), cough medicine with phlegm, skin inflammation, and healing burns (Hedberg, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR51\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1996\u003c/span\u003e; Pimple et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR80\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). Ethiopian women also use Ensosila (\u003cem\u003eImpatiens tinctoria)\u003c/em\u003e as beautifying agent (Amede \u0026amp; Taye, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e). They chop the inner part of the tubers into a paste to dye the palm hands (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003eC \u0026amp; D) and nails and making complicated patterns on the hands and feet even during festivity (Hedberg, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR51\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1996\u003c/span\u003e). Furthermore, Ensosila is grown as a cash herb in both rain-fed and supplementary irrigation systems that has been cultivated in small farmlands by smallholder farmers (Zuberi et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR102\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHowever, the herb is currently in a threat of extinction as farmers have a limited knowledge of the multifunctional benefits of the plant species (e.g. effect on soil productivity) other than its cosmetic and medicinal uses. In this case, a critical study that deals on planting Ensosila species and its effect on soil physico-chemical properties is scant. Hence, this study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effect of Ensosila on selected soil physical and chemical properties in Endamehoni district, Southern Tigray (northern Ethiopia).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Materials and Methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eDescription of the study area\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe study was carried out at the Embahasti kebelle of Endamehoni district, Southern Tigray (Northern Ethiopia). It is geographically located at 39\u003csup\u003eo\u003c/sup\u003e31\u0026rsquo; \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;39\u003csup\u003eo\u003c/sup\u003e35\u0026rsquo; E and 12\u003csup\u003eo\u003c/sup\u003e48\u0026rsquo; \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;12\u003csup\u003eo\u003c/sup\u003e53\u0026rsquo; N (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e) at about 121 km south of Mekelle city (the Tigray capital) with an average elevation of about 2,875 m.a.s.l (AREP, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmbahasti Kebelle represents the highlands cool sub-moist to moist and partially the mid-highland areas of the district. It has erratic, unevenly distributed and bimodal rainfall. The short rainy season locally known as \u0026ldquo;Belgi\u0026rdquo; occurs usually from mid-January to March (15%) and the main rain season is locally described as \u0026ldquo;Kiremti\u0026rdquo; that comes during mid June to mid-September (85%). The annual mean rainfall ranges from 600 to 950 mm. The annual temperature ranges between 12 ˚C and 18 ˚C (Hagos \u0026amp; Girma, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR46\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e; Van Beek et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR95\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e). The area is dominated by basalt parent materials and the geological formation was Alaje formation and Ashnge formation (FAO \u0026amp; ISRIC, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e). In addition, the soil types in the study area were grouped into chromic Vertisols and eutric Cambisols (AREP, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e; Van Beek et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR95\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e). From the total cultivated area, about 26 hectare (3.26%) was planted with Ensosila \u003cem\u003e(Impatiens tinctoria\u003c/em\u003e) in the year 2024.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eData collection method\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStudy site selection criteria and reconnaissance survey\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe study site, Embahasti Kebelle, was selected due to the dominant presence of \u003cem\u003eEnsosila\u003c/em\u003e tuber plant. About ten trips of reconnaissance field survey were carried out in order to identify the two land use types (Ensosila planted and never planted areas), and characterize and take soil samples (Figs.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e and \u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWith these adjacent representative land uses, two soil depths (0\u0026ndash;30 and 30\u0026ndash;60 cm) and three topographic positions that have different elevation ranges (upper topographic position\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;2900 m, middle topographic position\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2850\u0026ndash;2900 m and lower topographic position\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2,800\u0026ndash;2,850 m) were used for the study (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e). This classification helps to characterize the soil parameters and nutrient availability under the three elevation classes (Seifu et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR84\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSoil sampling and analysis method\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA total of 72 soil samples (36 undisturbed and 36 disturbed) were taken from the two land use types, two soil depths and three topographic locations replicated three times before the tillage operations. The disturbed soil samples were collected and thoroughly mixed, transported to the laboratory, air-dried, crushed and made to pass through a 2 mm sieve. These samples were used for soil chemical properties (pH, EC, SOC, TN, Av.P and Ex.K) analysis using standard laboratory methods (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). Laboratory work was done at Mekelle Soil Research Center, Tigray Agricultural Research Institute, Mekelle, Ethiopia. The undisturbed soil samples were collected using core sampler for bulk density and coarse fragment determination. Soil moisture content was determined gravimetrically by oven drying the whole soil at 105 ◦ C for 24 hours to calculate the dry fine BD (Blake \u0026amp; Hartge, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e). An adjustment for pure fine bulk density was made by identifying and measuring coarse fragment proportion because it affects the soil carbon estimation (Ellert et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2001\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cspan type=\"SmallCaps\" class=\"SmallCaps\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eSelected soil properties and their method of analysis\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eParameters\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMethod of analysis\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSources\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoil Texture\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHydrometer\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(Bouyoucos, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1962\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExcavation/Core method\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(Blake \u0026amp; Hartge, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003epH\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoil: Water ratio 1: 2.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(Jackson, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR54\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1967\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoil: Water ratio 1: 2.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(Corwin \u0026amp; Rhoades, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1984\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSOC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWalkley and Black method\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(Walkley \u0026amp; Black, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR97\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1934\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal N\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKjeldahl method\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(Bremner \u0026amp; Mulvaney, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1982\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAv. P\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtraction method\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(Olsen, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR79\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1954\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEx. K\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeutral ammonium acetate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(Jackson, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR53\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1958\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStatistical analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eData were tested for normal distribution before analysis. Then, all the collected data were subjected to analysis using GenStat software version 18th (Goedhart \u0026amp; Thissen, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e). For the quantitative variables, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson correlation were used within the general linear model (GML) to compare the significance change in soil physicochemical properties and significances differences were compared using the least significance difference (LSD) comparison method at 5% probability (0.05 significance level).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEffect of Ensosila on soil physical properties\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSoil particle content was significantly (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0.05) affected by land use (Table 2). The proportion of sand, silt and clay in percent was increased by 13.7%, decreased by 1.4% and decreased by12.3% respectively in non-planted areas. The soil particle size distribution on different land uses along soil depth and elevation difference was significantly different. Along the topographic position, the lowest sand content was also recorded in the lower topographic position (Table 2).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 2. Effect of Ensosila along soil depth and topographic position on means of particle size distribution and BD\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg 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\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e***, ** and * indicate significant different at 0.1% (p \u0026lt; 0.001), 1% (p \u0026lt; 0.01) and 5% (p \u0026lt; 0.05) level of significance respectively; ns: non-significant with m\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003eeans\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003efollowed by different letters in the same row showed significantly different on LSD test; NP: non-planted area; P: planted area\u003c/em\u003e; \u003cem\u003eSD: Soil depth; EA: Elevation Aspect\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSoil bulk density was significantly (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0.05) affected by land use. The bulk density in both land uses has increased in magnitude with soil depth. The lowest value was recorded on soils in planted areas, with 6.67% and 1.56% reduction at the top and lower depths, respectively.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEffect of Ensosila on soil chemical properties\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eComprehensively, pH has shown a 1.36% increase on planted areas compared to the non-planted areas. The mean pH (H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO) value was found to be neutral (7.35) on the non-planted area and mildly alkaline (7.45) on the \u003cem\u003eEnsosila\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003eplanted area (Table 3) as per the rating of (Beyene et al., 2023) and (Wogi et al., 2021). \u003cem\u003eEnsosila\u003c/em\u003e plantation\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003ehad significant (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0.05) effect on soil pH, with the lowest value on non-planted areas. The result revealed that Ensosila along soil depth has resulted in a 2.2% and 0.54% increase in pH at both topsoil and subsurface layer, respectively. In relation to topographic position, the planted area has increased by 1.6%, 1.1% and 1.2% in upper, middle and lower, respectively (Table 3). There was statistically (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0.05) significant difference in EC content between land uses and soil depths with the highest value in the lower depth and in the planted areas.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere was a significant difference (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0.05) in soil organic carbon content among land use types (Table 3). The mean Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) concentration varied from 14.4 g/kg (Ensosila non-planted area) to 19 g/kg (Ensosila planted area), which was in the range of moderate to high according to the classification made in (Hazelton \u0026amp; Murphy, 2007). According to Hazelton and Murphy, OC is classified as very low (\u0026lt; 6 g/kg), low (6 \u0026ndash; 9.9 g/kg), moderate (10 \u0026ndash; 15.9 g/kg), high (16 \u0026ndash; 19.9 g/kg) and very high (\u0026gt; 19.9 g/kg). The findings showed that \u003cem\u003eEnsosila\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003eplantation has increased SOC content by 31.9%. The mean value of organic carbon has also shown a decreasing trend across depth with a statistically significant difference (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0.05). This is related to a decrease in faunal activities in the underlying horizons as reported in (Lawal et al., 2014). The soil organic carbon (SOC) was significantly (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0.05) higher in the lower topographic position (16.12 g/kg) followed by middle (14.5 g/kg) and upper (13.25 g/kg) in the area of non-planted. This trend was also confirmed in the other land use type with lowest value recorded at the upper topographic position (16.87 g/kg) followed by middle (18.95 g/kg) and lower (21.3 g/kg).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 3. Effect of Ensosila along soil depth and topographic position on means of soil pH, EC, SOC and TN\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"Left\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"926\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSD and EA\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 203px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003epH H2O (1:2.5)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" style=\"width: 210px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEC H2O (1:2.5) (dS/m)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" style=\"width: 228px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSOC (g/kg)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 210px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTN (g/kg)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNP\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 44px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eP\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLSD\u003csub\u003e0.05\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCV (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 44px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;NP\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 46px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eP\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLSD\u003csub\u003e0.05\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCV (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;NP\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eP\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLSD\u003csub\u003e0.05\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCV (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;NP\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eP\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLSD\u003csub\u003e0.05\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCV (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 \u0026ndash; 30 cm\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.3\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 44px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.46\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.112\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 44px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.079\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 46px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.083\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.004\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;ns\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.36\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;b\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.80\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;a\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.937\u003csup\u003e***\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.57\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;b\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.11\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;a\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.256\u003csup\u003e***\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30 \u0026ndash; 60 cm\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 44px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.108\u003csup\u003ens\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 44px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.082\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 46px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.088\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.003\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.47\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;b\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.28\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;a\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.619\u003csup\u003e***\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.56\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;b\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.80\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;a\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.257\u003csup\u003e***\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUpper\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMiddle\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 44px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.153\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;ns\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.156\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;ns\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 44px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.078\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.081\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 46px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.083\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.085\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.006\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;ns\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.005\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;ns\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.25\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;b\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.5\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;b\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.87\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;a\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.95\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;a\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.019\u003csup\u003e***\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.834\u003csup\u003e***\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.22\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;b\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.30\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;b\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.67\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;a\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.97\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;a\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.315\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.318\u003csup\u003e***\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLower\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 44px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.148\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;ns\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 44px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.083\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 46px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.087\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.005\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;ns\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.12\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;b\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.3\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.449\u003csup\u003e***\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.57\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.23\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.347\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGrand mean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.35\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 44px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.45\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 44px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 46px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.085\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.002\u003csup\u003e***\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.4\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.37\u003csup\u003e***\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.30\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.90\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.12\u003csup\u003e***\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e***, ** and * indicate significant different at 0.1% (p \u0026lt; 0.001), 1% (p \u0026lt; 0.01) and 5% (p \u0026lt; 0.05) level of significance respectively; ns: non-significant with m\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003eeans\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003efollowed by different letters in the same row showed significantly different on LSD test; NP: non-planted area; P: planted area\u003c/em\u003e; \u003cem\u003eSD: Soil depth; EA: Elevation Aspect\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTotal nitrogen had shown a significant variation among land uses (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0.001). The average value of total nitrogen (TN) content was higher on \u003cem\u003eEnsosila\u003c/em\u003e planted areas (1.9 g/kg) as compared to the other land use type (1.3 g/kg). These values are classified as low to medium following Havlin \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e. (1999) classification guideline. Havlin and others classified total N as very low (\u0026lt; 0.5 g/kg), low (1.0 \u0026ndash; 1.5 g/kg), medium (1.5 \u0026ndash; 2.5 g/kg), and high (\u0026gt; 2.5 g/kg).\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003eThe result showed that the average value of total nitrogen decreased with an increase in soil depth on both land uses (Table 3). It is 34.4% and 15.4% higher in the planted topsoil layer (0 \u0026ndash; 30 cm) and subsurface layer (30 \u0026ndash; 60 cm), respectively, compared to its corresponding non-planted one. Total nitrogen value under different land uses along soil depth had also shown a significant difference (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0.05). The total nitrogen content showed a decreasing trend with elevation: upper topographic position (1.22 g/kg) \u0026lt; middle (1.30 g/kg) \u0026lt; lower (1.57 g/kg) at non-planted area while 1.67 g/kg \u0026lt; 1.97 g/kg \u0026lt; 2.23 g/kg, respectively at planted area.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Av.P recorded in the planted area was 20.13 mg/kg while 15.78 mg/kg was in the non-planted area (Table 4). These were, respectively, categorized as high and medium following to the (Wogi et al., 2021) classification guide that categorized Av.P values as very low (\u0026lt; 5 mg/kg), low (6 \u0026ndash; 9), medium (10 \u0026ndash; 17), high (18 \u0026ndash; 25 mg/kg) and very high (\u0026gt; 25 mg/kg). It was statistically different (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0.05) between the land uses, with a 27.6% increase in the planted area. Available phosphorus (Av.P) was significantly (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0.05) different along soil depth. A higher value was recorded at the top soil layer (22.42 mg/kg) than that of the subsurface layer (17.85 mg/kg). The available phosphorus content was also statistically significantly (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0.005) different in the upper topographic position but not significant different in the middle and lower topographic positions. However, the trend was inversely related to topographic position that showed an increase in available phosphorus with a decrease in elevation. For instance, Av.P was higher (20.75 mg/kg) at the lower position as compared to the upper position (19.61 mg/kg) (Table 4), which is, respectively, classified as \u0026nbsp;high and lower following (Wogi et al., 2021) classification guide.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 4. Effect of Ensosila along soil depth and topographic position on means of Av.P and Ex. K\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"633\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSD and EA\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAv.P (mg/kg)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" style=\"width: 267px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEx. K (cmol(+)/kg)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNP\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eP\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLSD\u003csub\u003e0.05\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCV (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;NP\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eP\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLSD\u003csub\u003e0.05\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCV (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 \u0026ndash; 30 cm\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.11\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.42\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.40\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.016\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.052\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;ns\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.064\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30 \u0026ndash; 60 cm\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.45\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.85\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;a\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.74\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.024\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.66\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.73\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.043\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.047\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUpper\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.37\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.04\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.74\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.014\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.67\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.70\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.025\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.043\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMiddle\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.37\u003csup\u003ens\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.243\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.046\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;ns\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.053\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLower\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.26\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;ns\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.237\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.082\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;ns\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.191\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGrand mean\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.78\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.13\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.207\u003csup\u003e***\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt; 0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.68\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.73\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.029\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.008\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003e***, ** and * indicate significant different at 0.1% (p \u0026lt; 0.001), 1% (p \u0026lt; 0.01) and 5% (p \u0026lt; 0.05) level of significance respectively; ns: non-significant with m\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003eeans\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003efollowed by different letters in the same row showed significantly different on LSD test; NP: non-planted area; P: planted area\u003c/em\u003e;\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;SD: Soil depth; EA: Elevation Aspect\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExchangeable Potassium (Ex. K) ranged from 0.68 to 0.73 cmol (+)/kg (Table 4) and its rating was high at both land uses (planted and non-planted areas) following (Wogi et al., 2021) classification guideline. Wogi and others classified exchangeable Potassium as Very low (\u0026lt; 0.2 cmol (+)/kg), Low (0.2 \u0026ndash; 0.3 cmol (+)/kg), Medium (0.3 \u0026ndash; 0.6 cmol (+)/kg), High (0.6 \u0026ndash; 1.2 cmol (+)/kg) and Very high (\u0026gt; 1.2 cmol (+)/kg). Potassium (K) was observed in a 7.35% higher amount in planted area (0.73 Cmol (+)/kg) than in the remaining non-planted area.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRegarding to soil depth, the mean exchangeable potassium (Ex. K) content of the soil across the non-planted and planted study area was 0.70 cmol (+)/kg and 0.72 cmol (+)/kg at the topsoil surface while 0.66 cmol (+)/kg and 0.73 cmol (+)/kg at subsurface layer which was decreasing and increasing to down as soil depth increased, respectively (Table 4). The result showed that potassium on planted area has increased by 2.86% at topsoil (0 \u0026ndash; 30 cm) and 10.6% at the subsurface layer (30 \u0026ndash; 60 cm). Exchangeable potassium did not show a statistically significant difference (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026gt; 0.05) across the topsoil soil layers but significantly different (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0.05) on the subsurface layer.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExchangeable potassium was statistically significantly different (p \u0026lt; 0.05) at upper topographic position but not significantly different (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026gt; 0.05) in the middle and lower positions. The highest exchangeable potassium was recorded at the lower topographic position compared to the middle and upper (Table 4) at both land uses. It was recorded 0.67 cmol (+)/kg, 0.67 cmol (+)/kg and 0.71 cmol (+)/kg at the upper, middle and lower topographic position, respectively in the non-planted area; while 0.70 cmol (+)/kg, 0.71 cmol (+)/kg and 0.77 cmol (+)/kg at the planted area.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eEffect of Ensosila on soil physical properties\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe proportion of silt and clay was higher in the \u003cem\u003eEnsolila\u003c/em\u003e planted areas than their corresponding non-planted ones but sand fraction was lower at the \u003cem\u003eEnsolila\u003c/em\u003e planted areas. These findings are consistent with Merga et al., (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR75\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e) that reported there was low clay content in surface layers of cultivated lands as a result of the removal of particles through erosion (both water and wind). The high clay fraction in the \u003cem\u003eEnsolila\u003c/em\u003e planted area might also be due to the high organic matter added by the herb. Having these organic matter, clay particles stick-up with the tuberous plants of \u003cem\u003eEnsosila\u003c/em\u003e (Ufot et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR93\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e). In addition, the residual decayed leaves and stems of organic matter contributes to soil aggregation that enhances soil structure, improves water retention and stability of clay particles (Li et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR67\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e). This finding aligns with the findings stated in Gadana (2021) that reported clay content remained stable (35\u0026ndash;40%) in tuber crop fields, while adjacent wheat plots lost 10% clay due to erosion and Microbial biomass (linked to clay-SOM bonding). The average sand content of soils on Ensosila planted area decreases with depth, while an increase in sand content was observed on the non-planted soils. This corresponds with the findings of Asmare et al., (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e), Assefa et al., (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e), Fetene \u0026amp; Amera, (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e) Kebebew et al., (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR63\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e) and Masha et al., (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR69\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e) that reveals sand content is higher in cereal cultivated land than Agroforestry, grass land, Enset cultivated land and shrub land. This could be related to the organic matter addition from Ensosila that enhances soil structure and water retention as well as less erosion prone to loss fine particles. The decreasing fraction from upper to lower topographic position agrees with the findings of (Haile et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e). This was mainly related to a low erosion rate as well as higher material deposition at the lower position, while high erosion which migrates fine materials selectively away and leaves coarse particles in the upper position (Bufebo et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e; Endrias et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e; Jaleta Negasa, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR55\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e; Seifu et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR84\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e). In addition, mulch straw obtained from vegetable residues conserve fine soil particles from vulnerability of erosion by reducing runoff (El-Beltagi et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). Cumulatively, mean soil bulk density in \u003cem\u003eEnsosila\u003c/em\u003e planted area has shown a 3.25% reduction as compared to its corresponding non-planted one. The decrease in bulk density in the planted area could be due to higher organic matter addition by the Ensosila herb. In this regard, (Mebrate et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR71\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e) and (Sun et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR89\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e) reported that crop residues addition and reduced tillage increased soil organic matter content, resulted in less soil disturbance and reduced soil bulk density. Similarly, this result is in agreement with the findings of (Seifu et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR85\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e) that reported low and high bulk density values due to variation in contents of clay fraction and organic matter. However, soil bulk density was not significantly affected by topography but numerical value was recorded as order as upper position\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;middle position\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;lower position in both land uses. This result is in line with the findings of (Seifu et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR85\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e) that reported mean value of bulk density in Lower elevation (2722\u0026ndash;2800 m)\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;Middle elevation (2800\u0026ndash;3100 m)\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;upper elevation (3100\u0026ndash;3944 m) and statistically significant (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eEffect of Ensosila on soil chemical properties\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis lower value can be the result of removal of basic cations due to erosion (Amusan, et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2006\u003c/span\u003e; Fentie et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e; Selassie et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR86\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e). The increment in pH values along the soil depth has been exsisted. This result could be associated with a higher organic matter content from Ensoisla as it can bind tightly or traps basic cations, this may lead to decreased H\u003csup\u003e+\u003c/sup\u003e concentration and increased pH of the soil (Assefa et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e; Bahilu et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e; Bufebo et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e; Seifu et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR84\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e). A similar result was recorded in (Azeez et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e) that showed pH has decreased as soil depth increased in plantation while (Dhaliwal et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e) and (Kaur et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR61\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e) increased as soil depth increased due to leaching effect of the basic cations. The mean value of soil pH along elevation was statistically (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05) different.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the planted areas, the EC content was significantly difference with highest result in the subsurface soil depth. The reason is might due to soluble salts of anions and cations move downward with leaching runoff, accumulating toward subsurface soil depth. In addition, since \u003cem\u003eEnsosila\u003c/em\u003e tuber root is fleshy, it has the capacity to hold water having soluble salts (Gidamo, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e; Seboka, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR83\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e). This, in turn, might have caused an increase in EC values down the depth (Assefa et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e; Dhaliwal et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). Similar studies such as (Dong et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e) and (Ibrahim et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR52\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e) stated that the highest accumulation of base forming cations like Ca\u003csup\u003e+\u0026thinsp;2\u003c/sup\u003e, Mg\u003csup\u003e+\u0026thinsp;2\u003c/sup\u003e, K\u003csup\u003e+\u0026thinsp;2\u003c/sup\u003e and high accumulation of CaCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e leads to increased EC. However, topographic position had no significant effect on EC. This result is in par with (Hailemariam et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR48\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e) and (Kamal et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR60\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e) that explained EC had no major difference along altitude.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe soil organic content along the land use type, there was high SOC content in the Ensosila plantation areas than non-planted areas. This is related to the high addition of organic materials through leaf fall or crop residues of the herb (Tsui et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR92\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2004\u003c/span\u003e). On the other hand, Ensosila plant has fat and fleshy tuber that regulates the runoff and soil loss; penetrates the soil depth that enhances the soil aeration and captures water and plant nutrients; boosts soil microbial activity that decomposes and incorporates the organic matter (Fentie et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e; Sun et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR89\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e; Tesemma, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR90\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e). Likewise, (Lal, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR65\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2001\u003c/span\u003e) and (Abera \u0026amp; Belachew, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e) stated that most cultivated land soils of Ethiopia are poor in their SOC content due to the low amount of organic materials applied to the soil and complete removal of the biomass from the field. Regarding to soil depth and topographic position, SOC content becomes decreasing as soil depth increase but increasing at lower topographic position. This is related to a decrease in faunal activities in the underlying horizons as reported in (Lawal et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR66\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e) while high deposition of organic and fine materials at the lower topographic position (M. Mekonnen \u0026amp; Getahun, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR73\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e). (Qiu et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR81\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e) also highlighted a significant reduction of SOC mineralization at erodible sites. The practices of ex-situ organic materials in lower topographic position protects the long term fertility of the soils by maintaining a high level of OM content and increasing soil biological activities (Negash et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR76\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe highest total nitrogen content observed in the planted area may be attributed to the continuous input of organic matter, such as leaf litter and stems, from Ensosila. As these materials decompose, microbial activity facilitates their conversion into nitrogenous compounds (Birhane et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e; Fahad et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e; Kebede, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR64\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e; Okolo et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR78\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e; Song et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR87\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). Similar findings have been reported in Ethiopian agroecosystems, where organic amendments significantly enhance soil nitrogen levels (Aytenew \u0026amp; Bore, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e; Bufebo et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e; Tesfay et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR91\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e; Weldewahid et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR98\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). Even the amount of TN across the individual soil depth was high at planted areas than compared to the non-planted areas. In agreement with this result, (Anwanane et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e) and (Manojlović et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR68\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e) have reported that total nitrogen was high at the topsoil layer (0\u0026ndash;30 cm) than subsurface (30\u0026ndash;60 cm). The trend for total nitrogen through the topographic position was increasing to down position. This remarkable difference might be attributed to the removal of organic matter connecting to the displacing of total nitrogen from upper to middle and lasting at lower topographic position tended by water erosion (Bufebo et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe available phosphorus was significantly difference with high existence value in the Ensosila planted areas. This could be attributed to the continuous organic matter addition from Ensosila, which can keep phosphorus from becoming bound to aluminum and other ions, thus making it more available (Condron \u0026amp; Tiessen, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2005\u003c/span\u003e; Jemaludin, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR58\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e; Mebrate et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR71\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e; Regassa et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR82\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). Similar findings were reported in (Anwanane et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e), (Manojlović et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR68\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e) and (Mebrate et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR71\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e) in that available phosphorus was found to decrease across soil depth. The increase in available phosphorus in the planted land used could be attributed to the Ensosila\u0026rsquo;s ability to reduce nutrient displacement caused by surface erosion, thereby enhancing in-situ infiltration and leaching rather than ex-situ losses. Similar findings have been reported in Northern Ethiopia, where vegetation cover significantly reduced soil erosion and nutrient depletion (VandenBygaart et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR96\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). Additionally, the substantial increase in available phosphorus in the subsurface layer (30\u0026ndash;60 cm) may be linked to the decomposition of Ensosila\u0026rsquo;s tuberous biomass deposited at deeper soil depths, which can contribute to subsurface nutrient enrichment (Geleta Likasa et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e). The loss of phosphorus via erosion might be also high on the upper position and more deposition at the lower position. Findings in (Lawal et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR66\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e), (Bufebo et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e), (Buraka et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e) and (Hailemariam et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR48\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e) also showed that Av. P decreases with an increase in elevation due to nutrient displacement by erosion.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn different land uses, exchangeable potassium content has been come high in the plantation areas than the non-planted areas. This might be due to the Ensosila that conserves the weathered potassium from erosion risks along the farmland. In the other way, it might be decomposition of the plant species that could increase the exchangeable potassium in the soil. The report was supported by (Gidamo, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e) that investigated the concentration of macro-nutrients found in the Ensosila plant was orderly potassium (K)\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;calcium (Ca)\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;magnesium (Mg)\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;sodium (Na). Other findings of Anwanane et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e) revealed that the higher potassium content on the upper layer (0\u0026ndash;30 cm) than the subsurface (30\u0026ndash;60 cm). The result also agreed with in non-planted area but disagreed in planting area having 0.72 cmol (+)/kg in topsoil layer and 0.73 cmol (+)/kg in subsurface layer. The reason could be due to high clay content and organic matter in the subsurface layer particularly Ensosila stock zone increases the retention of cations. In addition, Tumayro and Tesgaye (2021), reported that the exchangeable bases (Ca, Mg, K and Na) increases from surface (0\u0026ndash;15 cm) to sub- surface (15\u0026ndash;30 cm) soil depths. It might be due to translocation of basic cations as truncating soil horizon subsurface to surface and vice versa by digging hoe for planting case. Along the topographic position, the exchangeable potassium was significantly difference at all classes between the land uses and inceasing from upper to lower position. This corresponds with the findings of (Mekuria et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR74\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2007\u003c/span\u003e), (Amare et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e), (Bufebo et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e) and (Buraka et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e) that stated the highest exchangeable potassium in the lower position. This is might be due to the plant tuberous stock allows breaking the parent material as biological weathering (Babur, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e; Dontsova et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e) and the transportation of potassium reach materials from the upper \u0026amp; middle into the lower topographic position through erosion agents (Bufebo et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e; Buraka et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusions","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study indicated that the Ensosilatuber plant species is important to enhance both soil physicochemical properties and soil fertility. The soil pH, EC, SOC, TN, Av. P and Ex.K, respectively, increased by 1.4%, 6.3%, 31.9%, 46.2%, 27.6% and 7.4% but decreased its bulk density by 3.3% in soils under Ensosilaplanted farms. This is due to completely falling of leaf litter and decomposition of dead tuberous stocks. Furthermore, Ensosilahad prospecting potential on moisture conservation, source of nutrients and improving soil fertility due to its residual effect that contributes to a 15.53 kg/ha of DAP fertilizer equivalent. It can be concluded that Ensosila is key rotational strategic cash crop for improving soil fertility. Based on the findings, Ensosilais a contributor for selected important soil parameters and uses for improvement of soil fertility. Hence, it would advantage to use this crop as alternative rotational organic input to improve soil productivity and crop production.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreivations ","content":"\u003cp\u003eANOVA \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Analysis of variance\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAv. P \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Available Phosphorus\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBD \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Bulk density\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCV\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Coefficient variance\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDAP \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Di-ammonium Phosphate\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEA \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Elevation Aspect\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEC \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Electrical conductivity\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEx. K\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Exchangeable Potassium\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLSD \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Least significant difference\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNP\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Non-Planting Area\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eP\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Planting Area \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003epH \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Power of Hydrogen\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSD \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Soil depth\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSOC \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Soil Organic Carbon\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTN \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Total nitrogen\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData Availability\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eData used in this manuscript are available upon request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConflicts of Interest\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest or personal relationships that could have influenced the work reported in this paper.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors’ Contributions\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHalefom Giday was involved in conceptualization, literature review, methodology, formal analysis, investigation, data curation and recordation, writing original draft, writing review and editing, and visualization. Kassa Teka was involved in conceptualization, methodology, supervision, writing, and review and editing. Yemane Welday was involved in conceptualization, reconnaissance survey, supervision, writing, and editing. All authors have read and approved the manuscript.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgments\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors thank Mekelle University for funding this study. The authors are also very grateful to all farmers for allowing us to take soil samples and equipping up with valuable information.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAbera Y, Belachew T (2011) \u003cem\u003eEffects of Landuse on Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen In Soils Of Bale, Southeastern Ethiopia\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAkbar S (2020) Handbook of 200 Medicinal Plants: A Comprehensive Review of Their Traditional Medical Uses and Scientific Justifications. 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Int J Res Pharm Chem 5(2):258\u0026ndash;273\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eZuberi MI, Kebede B, Gosaye T, Belachew O (2014) \u003cem\u003eSpecies of herbal spices grown in the poor farmers\u0026rsquo; home gardens of West Shoa, Highlands of Ethiopia: An Ethnobotanical account\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Di-Ammonium Phosphate, Endamehoni district, Key soil parameters, Residual effect","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8170105/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8170105/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground and Aims\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eImpatiens tinctoria A. Rich, locally known as Ensosila, is a traditional cosmetic herb native to East Africa, specifically Tigray, Ethiopia. In Southern Tigray, where this study took place, Ensosila has been cultivated on small farms for its cosmetic uses for many years. However, the species is now facing the threat of extinction due to limited awareness of its additional benefits like its potential impact on soil productivity. Hence, this study was initiated to investigate the effects of Ensosila cultivation on selected soil physico-chemical properties across soil depths and topographic positions.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoil samples were taken from two land uses, Ensosila planted and non-planted farmlands, two soil depths (0\u0026ndash;30 cm and 30\u0026ndash;60 cm) and three topographic positions (upper, middle and lower). Key soil parameters including texture, bulk density (BD), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (Av.P) and exchangeable potassium (Ex.K) were taken as major indicators. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and mean comparisons were made using LSD.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe results revealed that all tested soil parameters were significantly (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05) affected by land use. Ensosila planted soils had 1.4%, 6.3%, 31.9%, 46.2%, 27.6% and 7.4% higher pH, EC, SOC, TN, Av. P and Ex.K, respectively. Plantation of the herb also resulted 3.3% lower in BD. Furthermore, its residual effect contributed to a 15.53 kg/ha of di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) equivalent.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusions\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIt can be concluded that Ensosila had a potential impact on enhancing soil physico-chemical properties.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"The effect of Ensosila (Impatiens tinctoria) on soil physico-chemical properties across soil depth and topographic position in Northern Ethiopia","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-02-17 09:02:29","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8170105/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"9a707323-a97f-4d97-808f-e063dfe94474","owner":[],"postedDate":"February 17th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-03-20T08:22:52+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-02-17 09:02:29","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8170105","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8170105","identity":"rs-8170105","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}