Understanding Privacy Protection Behaviour of Voice-enabled IoT devices Users: A Systematic Review

Understanding Privacy Protection Behaviour of Voice-enabled IoT devices Users: A Systematic Review | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Understanding Privacy Protection Behaviour of Voice-enabled IoT devices Users: A Systematic Review Abdulrhma Alorini, Suleiman Abahussein, Abdullah Bin Sawad, Indra Mckie, and 6 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7100729/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Smart speakers, though prevalent in homes due to their intuitive interfaces, bring notable privacy challenges. To understand how users navigate these issues, we conducted a systematic review across five databases. Of the studies reviewed, fourteen met our inclusion criteria. Our findings indicate that the current privacy features of smart speakers often fall short of accommodating user needs. Consequently, the evidence shows users resort to compensatory actions in three key domains: technical (e.g., turning off the speaker), data (e.g., deleting recordings), and social (e.g., speaking softly). For better alignment with user expectations and requirements, our study has distilled key recommendations from the reviewed studies to guide future work, such as making privacy features more tangible and accounting for cultural nuances among users. Security Privacy Smart speaker Human and societal aspects of security and privacy Privacy protection Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7100729","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":488270210,"identity":"3620d9b3-6b17-423c-9b6b-27da2697457b","order_by":0,"name":"Abdulrhma Alorini","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"University of Technology Sydney","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Abdulrhma","middleName":"","lastName":"Alorini","suffix":""},{"id":488270211,"identity":"1529dacf-d940-416d-b192-dde091eadbc6","order_by":1,"name":"Suleiman Abahussein","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Technology Sydney","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Suleiman","middleName":"","lastName":"Abahussein","suffix":""},{"id":488270212,"identity":"8bcc54bb-45c1-495e-aa3e-4563c8a7e04c","order_by":2,"name":"Abdullah Bin Sawad","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"King Abdulaziz University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Abdullah","middleName":"Bin","lastName":"Sawad","suffix":""},{"id":488270213,"identity":"30ff0b96-2caa-4b03-9992-ac6f2e049423","order_by":3,"name":"Indra Mckie","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Technology Sydney","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Indra","middleName":"","lastName":"Mckie","suffix":""},{"id":488270214,"identity":"22f0b1b8-bfe8-4b6f-925a-65cb7715743b","order_by":4,"name":"Mohammed Althubyani","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Technology Sydney","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mohammed","middleName":"","lastName":"Althubyani","suffix":""},{"id":488270215,"identity":"db86ad2e-1b2d-47ad-b468-c180f2ecf764","order_by":5,"name":"Afnan Bukhari","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Taif University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Afnan","middleName":"","lastName":"Bukhari","suffix":""},{"id":488270216,"identity":"5aeaa325-6803-4007-9a59-23c6b889fc69","order_by":6,"name":"Noura Abdi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Liverpool Hope University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Noura","middleName":"","lastName":"Abdi","suffix":""},{"id":488270217,"identity":"fc2b6789-8917-422d-84f6-5f81de36576b","order_by":7,"name":"Kiran Ijaz","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"The University of Sydney","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kiran","middleName":"","lastName":"Ijaz","suffix":""},{"id":488270218,"identity":"a6f394ed-f293-444c-88f3-908dea8bc9d6","order_by":8,"name":"Mukesh Prasad","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Technology Sydney","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mukesh","middleName":"","lastName":"Prasad","suffix":""},{"id":488270219,"identity":"ab2962af-225b-4ad8-95ce-d05a850806bb","order_by":9,"name":"A. Baki Kocaballi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Technology Sydney","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"A.","middleName":"Baki","lastName":"Kocaballi","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-07-11 10:38:17","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7100729/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7100729/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":87346989,"identity":"f72dfaf3-1bd6-4fe3-a30f-14ff7e0516c5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-23 02:35:37","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":345379,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"UnderstandingPrivacyProtectionBehaviourofVoiceenabledIoTdevicesUsersASystematicReview.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7100729/v1_covered_fef4c15b-db39-482d-9a57-22086e1d12a1.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Understanding Privacy Protection Behaviour of Voice-enabled IoT devices Users: A Systematic Review","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Security, Privacy, Smart speaker, Human and societal aspects of security and privacy, Privacy protection","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7100729/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7100729/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Smart speakers, though prevalent in homes due to their intuitive interfaces, bring notable privacy challenges. To understand how users navigate these issues, we conducted a systematic review across five databases. Of the studies reviewed, fourteen met our inclusion criteria. Our findings indicate that the current privacy features of smart speakers often fall short of accommodating user needs. Consequently, the evidence shows users resort to compensatory actions in three key domains: technical (e.g., turning off the speaker), data (e.g., deleting recordings), and social (e.g., speaking softly). For better alignment with user expectations and requirements, our study has distilled key recommendations from the reviewed studies to guide future work, such as making privacy features more tangible and accounting for cultural nuances among users.","manuscriptTitle":"Understanding Privacy Protection Behaviour of Voice-enabled IoT devices Users: A Systematic Review","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-07-23 02:27:30","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7100729/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"96ba4a6d-7dab-40cc-bf16-9898ffcbe819","owner":[],"postedDate":"July 23rd, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-07-23T02:27:30+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-07-23 02:27:30","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7100729","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7100729","identity":"rs-7100729","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}