Label-free prediction of three-dimensional fluorescence images from transmitted light microscopy

Understanding living cells as integrated systems, a challenge central to modern biology, is complicated by limitations of available imaging methods. While fluorescence microscopy can resolve subcellular structure in living cells, it is expensive, slow, and damaging to cells. Here, we present a label-free method for predicting 3D fluorescence directly from transmitted light images and demonstrate that it can be used to generate multi-structure, integrated images.