Title: Transcriptome and metabolome analyses reveal pathways associated with fruit color in plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.)

Title: Transcriptome and metabolome analyses reveal pathways associated with fruit color in plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Title: Transcriptome and metabolome analyses reveal pathways associated with fruit color in plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) Lei Chen, Xue-Song Wang, Long Cui, Yan-Bo Zhang This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-221659/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background In order to reveal the mechanism of fruit color changes in plum, two common plum cultivars Changli84 (Ch84, red fruit) and Dahuangganhe (D, yellow fruit) in Northeast China were selected as plant materials. Transcriptome sequencing and metabonomic analyzing were performed at three different developmental stages: young fruit stage, colour-change stage, and maturation stage. Results “Flavonoid biosynthesis” was significantly enriched in the KEGG analysis. Some DEGs in “Flavonoid biosynthesis” pathway had an opposite trend between the two cultivars, such as CHS, DFR and FLS. In the current study, procyanidin B1 and B2 had the highest level at young fruit stage in Ch84 and the content of procyanidin B2 decreased sharply at the color change stage. Conversely, the content of cyanidin increased with the growth of fruit and reached the peak at the maturation stage. Conclusion The content of procyanidin B1 and B2 in plums at young fruit stage might be the leading factors of the matured fruit color. At the maturation stage, the cyanidin produced by procyanidins keeps the color of the fruit red. Correspondingly, genes in “flavonoid biosynthesis” pathway play critical roles in regulating the accumulation of anthocyanin in plum. Epigenetics & Genomics Plum Fruit color Transcriptome Metabolome Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files TableS1.xlsx TableS2.xlsx separatesupplementaryfile.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-221659","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":13584363,"identity":"10e122e1-6e61-4eac-a88a-0eff33daba1e","order_by":0,"name":"Lei Chen","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Lei","middleName":"","lastName":"Chen","suffix":""},{"id":13584364,"identity":"6f6c54ce-bf6a-4c7a-bb58-5a0118e43c71","order_by":1,"name":"Xue-Song Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xue-Song","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":13584365,"identity":"b00e1fcc-e87c-42b7-8128-a947c0cc133a","order_by":2,"name":"Long Cui","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Long","middleName":"","lastName":"Cui","suffix":""},{"id":13584366,"identity":"0876fcbc-6f51-4036-b6c4-f751d24f7204","order_by":3,"name":"Yan-Bo Zhang","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAwklEQVRIie3PMQrCMBTG8RcCcQnq2Ml4hIgXep26NOLYqQhCXErnTnoL55RCJz2BS8FdHIt0sNID9LkJ5j+94fsND8Dn+8kk6AZgISZ79wVBgPVU1kgn0G/DYxAvaUAVxm3xlUYWYoA2OY8TVmxQh3llLFwdyy63ccKDWOswc8ayHDmzBCIGkkaCS00j8kOw5SgElQTy0f+yq1ZWCixJv6iDqfWzS5U63cumTQgE5ig0s8PtCPu+meMNdLStz+fz/Wlvyx07BxO++78AAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yan-Bo","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2021-02-08 07:29:13","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-221659/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-221659/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":6363344,"identity":"a1da3337-69ee-430f-8eca-1fd43a8b6c02","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-25 20:55:00","extension":"jpg","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":56939,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Fruit performance of the two plum varieties. A to C shows the color of fruit of the two plum varieties. The fruit flesh color of Ch84 was red and D was yellow. B shows the longitudinal diameter and transverse diameter of the fruit of Ch84 and D. Note: Ch84 is short for Changli84; D is short for Dahuangganhe.","description":"","filename":"1.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-221659/v1/6e43a28776fb30be6acc8c96.jpg"},{"id":6363346,"identity":"16cf3ca3-db25-41c7-9753-1914eac4675e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-25 20:55:00","extension":"jpg","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":256345,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"The transcripts annotation summary. A shows the number of transcripts in different annotation databases. B shows the Venn analysis results of the annotation results. Different color respects different database. C shows the species annotation information, the more circles there are, the higher the proportion is. Different colors indicate different species.","description":"","filename":"2.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-221659/v1/eb445fc04c1e545980a5be80.jpg"},{"id":6363015,"identity":"c12b94b1-0196-41a9-ae14-cb5cd9564731","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-25 20:52:01","extension":"jpg","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":109106,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Statistics of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A shows the number of DEGs between the two plum varieties at different developmental stage. B shows the Venn analysis results of different comparisons.","description":"","filename":"3.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-221659/v1/6a6f47517cd895b03773f791.jpg"},{"id":6363873,"identity":"710ad37d-d747-4a55-b649-40dbed1d59b8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-25 20:58:01","extension":"jpg","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":435994,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"The GO and KEGG enrichment results of DEGs and the expression of candidate DEGs. A and B shows the GO and KEGG enrichment results of all the DEGs, respectivly. The redder the color, the higher the significance. C shows the expression of candidate DEGs of the two plum at different developmental stage.","description":"","filename":"4.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-221659/v1/60d1edd626ce2e2a3283f325.jpg"},{"id":6363010,"identity":"d0814f19-e013-4c54-8102-1443be3552cc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-25 20:52:00","extension":"jpg","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":214206,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Summary of the metabolomic data. A shows the PCA results, different colors represent different groups. B to D shows the OPLS-DA analysis results between the two plum varieties at the young fruit stage, color changing stage and fruit mature stage.","description":"","filename":"5.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-221659/v1/8a76c54f2da1e2b7c607ba59.jpg"},{"id":6363017,"identity":"77cc48db-2c17-44e0-8954-9c65515329c6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-25 20:52:01","extension":"jpg","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":614002,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Differential metabolites and functional enrichment analysis. A shows the level of differential metabolites. The redder the color, the higher the level. B shows the KEGG enrichment results based on these differential metabolites. C shows the level of candidate differential metabolites of the two plum at different developmental stage.","description":"","filename":"6.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-221659/v1/784be1d38f38c98082b33261.jpg"},{"id":13595582,"identity":"b36ee370-13f3-4bbc-a70e-9b7de0423769","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-17 05:25:01","extension":"pdf","order_by":8,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2214976,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Transcriptomeandmetabolomeanalysesrevealpathwaysassociatedwithfruitcolorinplum.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-221659/v1_covered.pdf"},{"id":10048949,"identity":"4ac8d69d-db89-4df4-8b67-a0d330587a9c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-07 03:14:22","extension":"pdf","order_by":8,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2211481,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Transcriptomeandmetabolomeanalysesrevealpathwaysassociatedwithfruitcolorinplum.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-221659/v1_covered.pdf"},{"id":6364175,"identity":"139d8ce7-bcce-4ceb-9011-27d23b64fef9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-25 21:01:08","extension":"pdf","order_by":8,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1507912,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Transcriptomeandmetabolomeanalysesrevealpathwaysassociatedwithfruitcolorinplum.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-221659/v1_stamped.pdf"},{"id":6363345,"identity":"53a17815-d943-4e71-8a86-c3f026ec2938","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-25 20:55:00","extension":"xlsx","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":9024,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"TableS1.xlsx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-221659/v1/cdce34964c9f77ed5b6b24fc.xlsx"},{"id":6363347,"identity":"c94fe717-2fcb-4eba-aa42-20d88135768d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-25 20:55:01","extension":"xlsx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":11439,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"TableS2.xlsx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-221659/v1/414b53b43470a37c81d790e2.xlsx"},{"id":6363016,"identity":"4ce5545a-ea7e-4d79-8418-aac502bfc4d8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-25 20:52:01","extension":"docx","order_by":12,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":426115,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"separatesupplementaryfile.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-221659/v1/1f92482ee95b50f6f5343c0b.docx"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Title: Transcriptome and metabolome analyses reveal pathways associated with fruit color in plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.)","fulltext":[{"header":"Full Text","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis preprint is available for \u003ca href='/article/rs-221659/latest.pdf' target='_blank'\u003edownload as a PDF\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Plum, Fruit color, Transcriptome, Metabolome","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-221659/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-221659/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground\u003c/strong\u003e In order to reveal the mechanism of fruit color changes in plum, two common plum cultivars Changli84 (Ch84, red fruit) and Dahuangganhe (D, yellow fruit) in Northeast China were selected as plant materials. Transcriptome sequencing and metabonomic analyzing were performed at three different developmental stages: young fruit stage, colour-change stage, and maturation stage. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e“Flavonoid biosynthesis” was significantly enriched in the KEGG analysis. Some DEGs in “Flavonoid biosynthesis” pathway had an opposite trend between the two cultivars, such as CHS, DFR and FLS. In the current study, procyanidin B1 and B2 had the highest level at young fruit stage in Ch84 and the content of procyanidin B2 decreased sharply at the color change stage. Conversely, the content of cyanidin increased with the growth of fruit and reached the peak at the maturation stage. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion\u003c/strong\u003e The content of procyanidin B1 and B2 in plums at young fruit stage might be the leading factors of the matured fruit color. At the maturation stage, the cyanidin produced by procyanidins keeps the color of the fruit red. Correspondingly, genes in “flavonoid biosynthesis” pathway play critical roles in regulating the accumulation of anthocyanin in plum.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Title: Transcriptome and metabolome analyses reveal pathways associated with fruit color in plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.)","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2021-02-25 20:51:58","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-221659/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"2bb4e9e7-cc04-47d2-bd48-3ddb09fe3e64","owner":[],"postedDate":"February 25th, 2021","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":2636330,"name":"Epigenetics \u0026 Genomics"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2021-06-07T03:14:07+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2021-02-25 20:51:58","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-221659","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-221659","identity":"rs-221659","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"_2-kVJe1T_tPrBINL-cwx","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}