Comparative ATR FTIR spectroscopic analysis of urban soils from different regions of Punjab India for forensic application

Comparative ATR FTIR spectroscopic analysis of urban soils from different regions of Punjab India for forensic application | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Comparative ATR FTIR spectroscopic analysis of urban soils from different regions of Punjab India for forensic application Arul Asokan, Shivani Singh This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8423941/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Soil is an important material in both environmental and forensic studies, as it can reveal information about its place of origin and the factors that have affected it. Urban soil, in particular, contains traces from pollution, construction, industries, and daily human traces, which make it unique for each locality. This study focuses on comparing urban soil samples collected from five major locations across Punjab, India, starting with Pathankot (north), Fazilka (west), Mansa (south), Mohali (east), and Ludhiana (central). These locations were selected to represent the four corners and the central region of the state. All collected soil samples were shadow dried to remove moisture, sieved to remove stones and other particles, dried further, and ground into a fine powder. The samples were then analyzed directly using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. This method helps to identify the different chemical bonds and functional groups present in the soil. The initial FTIR spectra showed that the five soil samples had mostly similar absorption peaks, with only small changes in the intensity and position of certain peaks. These small variations could be related to local environmental factors such as pollution, road dust, or nearby industrial activity. Although the results are quite similar, this study provides valuable baseline data for understanding the composition of urban soils in Punjab. In forensic science, such information can be useful in matching soil samples found at crime scenes to their possible locations. The work also supports the idea of building a reference FTIR database for future forensic and environmental research in Punjab. FTIR spectroscopy Urban soils Punjab Forensic analysis Soil comparison Trace Evidence Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files B.csv A.csv A.sp B.sp C.sp B.pdf E.csv D.sp E.pdf E.sp DL.pdf C.csv AL.pdf A.pdf D.csv C.pdf BL.pdf CL.pdf D.pdf EL.pdf Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8423941","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":575898595,"identity":"b71abb4d-9ebf-4e4b-bc11-78e6300fbdf4","order_by":0,"name":"Arul 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