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ductive age undergoing tubal ligation [1], 15 % to 80 % of women with chronic pelvic pain [2], and 21 % to 65 % of women evaluated because of infertility [3]. Fecundity in nor-mal couples is about 15 % to 20 % and decreases with age [4], and is about 2 % to 10 % in women with untreated endometri-osis and infertility [5]. Symptoms often do not correlate well with stage of endometriosis [6], and in the United States, the mean time between onset of pain and the surgical diagnosis of endometriosis is about 12 years [7]. The criterion standard for the diagnosis of endometriosis is still considered by most to be direct visualization or histo-logic findings or both [8,9]. Endometriosis has a variety of appearances and forms including the classic ‘‘powder-burn’ ’ lesions, red lesions, white lesions, peritoneal retrac-tions, and endometriotic cysts or ‘‘chocolate cysts’ ’ [10]. Endometriosis also may be associated with scar tissue and ad-hesions. A classification system that incorporates implant scores and adhesion scores has been developed by the Amer-The authors have no commercial, proprietary, or financial interest in the products or companies described in this article.E-mail: patrick.ye Submitted Novem