Sintering Mechanism and Enhanced Piezoelectric and Crystal Structural Properties of (1-x)Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-x(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 Lead Free Ceramics

Sintering Mechanism and Enhanced Piezoelectric and Crystal Structural Properties of (1-x)Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-x(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 Lead Free Ceramics | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Sintering Mechanism and Enhanced Piezoelectric and Crystal Structural Properties of (1-x)Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-x(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 Lead Free Ceramics Yoo-Young Oh, Jung-Hyuk Koh This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-416202/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 04 Feb, 2022 Read the published version in Korean Journal of Metals and Materials → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract As an lead-free piezoelectric ceramic of (1- x )Ba(Zr 0.2 Ti 0.8 )O 3 - x( Ba 0.7 Ca 0.3 )TiO 3 (here after (1-x)BZT-xBCT) has been investigated for functional devices applications. To employ as piezoelectric functional devices applications, lead-free materials with high piezoelectric charge coefficient and voltage coefficient can be indispensable for industrial applications. Piezoelectric ceramic specimens tend to shrink their size in the sintering process without melting. We focused on this phenomenon as a unique characteristic of piezoelectric ceramic materials and derived activation energy from this phenomenon using Arrhenius equation. Then associate this activation energy with piezoelectric and crystalline properties varied by sintering temperature and chemical stoichiometric composition. Piezoelectric properties can be changed depending on the sintering temperature and process conditions. (1- x )BZT- x BCT ceramics showed the highest piezoelectric coefficient of 470 pC/N. Crystalline properties and piezoelectric properties can be influenced by the sintering temperature and holding times. In this research, sintering temperature dependent structural and dielectric properties were investigated. Sintering temperature dependent shrinkage rate and activation energy were estimated and calculated for the various sintering process. In this research, two different activation energies for the shrinkage process were estimated Ceramics Magnetics Materials and Devices Optical Materials and Devices Piezoelectric material (1-x)Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3–x(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 Shrinkage mechanism Activation energy Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 04 Feb, 2022 Read the published version in Korean Journal of Metals and Materials → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-416202","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":21010578,"identity":"52911495-2b38-4d1b-928e-c67dab85f551","order_by":0,"name":"Yoo-Young Oh","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Chung-Ang University - Seoul Campus: Chung-Ang University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yoo-Young","middleName":"","lastName":"Oh","suffix":""},{"id":21010579,"identity":"7beff5ef-259f-49bc-9863-90db97a272f4","order_by":1,"name":"Jung-Hyuk Koh","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAtklEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACxhlsDMwMFTDuAaK1nCFFC4MEUAtjGylamGe3JT4unGcnb3CA+eEHhjP3iHDYnGOHjWduSzbccIDNWILhRjERWmakt0nzbjvAuOEAgxkDw4cEYrXMOWC/4QD7N2K1pB2T5m04kLjhAA/QlhvEaUk25jmWnDzzME+xRMIZIrQYzkgzfMxTY2fbd7x944cPx4jR0gBjMQMxERoYGOSJUTQKRsEoGAUjHAAA+VY5TOp1DrIAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Chung-Ang Univ.","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jung-Hyuk","middleName":"","lastName":"Koh","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2021-04-12 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relative shrinkage ratio (1-x)Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-x(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 (x = 0.4, 0.425, 0.45, 0.475, 0.5) sintered from 800 to 1525 °C","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-416202/v1/245ea4cb187901ff9cacb5f1.png"},{"id":8025971,"identity":"8e253ffe-214d-4850-97c7-5aa12a7f8b9f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-04-14 23:24:02","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":66196,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"X-ray diffraction patterns of (1-x)Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-x(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 ceramics (x = 0.4, 0.425, 0.45, 0.475, 0.5)","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-416202/v1/7b7d7bc3f54f3e9275af5962.png"},{"id":8026114,"identity":"f9911d0d-d143-4e58-a401-73314429bfbb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-04-14 23:27:02","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":56702,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Enlarged X-ray diffraction patterns (002) and (200) plane of (1-x)Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-x(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 (x = 0.4, 0.425, 0.45, 0.475, 0.5).","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-416202/v1/fcb8469342bbc0761a1d70f6.png"},{"id":8026184,"identity":"2fd83d77-592f-4198-95d3-7119d31cdeea","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-04-14 23:30:02","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":45653,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Relative density of (1-x)Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-x(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 (x = 0.4, 0.425, 0.45, 0.475, 0.5) ceramics for sintering temperature of 1475, 1500, 1525 °C","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-416202/v1/b4374069a78307f934d67ca0.png"},{"id":8026116,"identity":"6bec081c-b417-45b9-b9e7-fc041eee0a45","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-04-14 23:27:02","extension":"png","order_by":7,"title":"Figure 7","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":203664,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy micrographs of the (1-x)Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-x(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 (x = 0.4, 0.425, 0.45, 0.475, 0.5) ceramics for sintering temperature of 1500°C","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-416202/v1/e63ae66b8fa45e1bb3d1172e.png"},{"id":8026393,"identity":"236f62ac-6515-4511-b232-b33ec5e91a1b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-04-14 23:33:02","extension":"png","order_by":8,"title":"Figure 8","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":51438,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Piezoelectric charge coefficient of (1-x)Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-x(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 (x = 0.4, 0.425, 0.45, 0.475, 0.5) ceramics for sintering temperature of 1475°C, 1500 °C, 1525°C","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-416202/v1/957fec14274c7a449d0f2455.png"},{"id":8026118,"identity":"3a29648f-4e19-40f7-bb44-18cd392171e8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-04-14 23:27:02","extension":"png","order_by":9,"title":"Figure 9","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":60711,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"(a) Dielectric constant and (b) Piezoelectric Voltage constant coefficient of (1-x)BaZr0.2Ti0.8O3-xBa0.7Ca0.3TiO3 (x = 0.4, 0.425, 0.45, 0.475, 0.5) ceramics for sintering temperature of 1475 °C , 1500 °C, 1525 °C at 1 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href='/article/rs-416202/latest.pdf' target='_blank'\u003edownload as a PDF\u003c/a\u003e."}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Piezoelectric material, (1-x)Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3–x(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 , Shrinkage mechanism, Activation energy","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-416202/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-416202/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eAs an lead-free piezoelectric ceramic of (1-\u003cem\u003ex\u003c/em\u003e)Ba(Zr\u003csub\u003e0.2\u003c/sub\u003eTi\u003csub\u003e0.8\u003c/sub\u003e)O\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e-\u003cem\u003ex(\u003c/em\u003eBa\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.7\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003eCa\u003csub\u003e0.3\u003c/sub\u003e)TiO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e(here after (1-x)BZT-xBCT) has been investigated for functional devices applications. To employ as piezoelectric functional devices applications, lead-free materials with high piezoelectric charge coefficient and voltage coefficient can be indispensable for industrial applications. Piezoelectric ceramic specimens tend to shrink their size in the sintering process without melting. We focused on this phenomenon as a unique characteristic of piezoelectric ceramic materials and derived activation energy from this phenomenon using Arrhenius equation. Then associate this activation energy with piezoelectric and crystalline properties varied by sintering temperature and chemical stoichiometric composition. Piezoelectric properties can be changed depending on the sintering temperature and process conditions. (1-\u003cem\u003ex\u003c/em\u003e)BZT-\u003cem\u003ex\u003c/em\u003eBCT ceramics showed the highest piezoelectric coefficient of 470 pC/N. Crystalline properties and piezoelectric properties can be influenced by the sintering temperature and holding times. In this research, sintering temperature dependent structural and dielectric properties were investigated. Sintering temperature dependent shrinkage rate and activation energy were estimated and calculated for the various sintering process. In this research, two different activation energies for the shrinkage process were estimated\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Sintering Mechanism and Enhanced Piezoelectric and Crystal Structural Properties of (1-x)Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-x(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 Lead Free Ceramics","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2021-04-14 23:24:00","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-416202/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"0e1f7cae-42ec-4bc7-aef5-2ae4d5410d6e","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 14th, 2021","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":3634026,"name":"Ceramics"},{"id":3634027,"name":"Magnetics Materials and Devices"},{"id":3634028,"name":"Optical Materials and Devices"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2022-01-20T00:43:08+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-416202","link":"https://doi.org/10.3365/KJMM.2022.60.2.141","journal":{"identity":"korean-journal-of-metals-and-materials","isVorOnly":true,"title":"Korean Journal of Metals and Materials"},"publishedOn":"2022-02-05 00:43:08","publishedOnDateReadable":"February 5th, 2022"},"versionCreatedAt":"2021-04-14 23:24:00","video":"","vorDoi":"10.3365/KJMM.2022.60.2.141","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3365/KJMM.2022.60.2.141","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-416202","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-416202","identity":"rs-416202","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"WrCJVZZCHTDjtuVLN7oU0","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}