Sustainable Recycling of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash and Marble Waste in Unburnt Bricks and Concrete: A Path Toward Circular Construction Materials

Sustainable Recycling of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash and Marble Waste in Unburnt Bricks and Concrete: A Path Toward Circular Construction Materials | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Sustainable Recycling of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash and Marble Waste in Unburnt Bricks and Concrete: A Path Toward Circular Construction Materials T. Murugesan, S. Rajeswari, A. Ramachandran, R. Vidjeapriya This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7710165/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 28 Feb, 2026 Read the published version in Journal of Building Pathology and Rehabilitation → Version 1 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This research investigates the sustainable use of sugarcane bagasse ash and marble waste in the production of unburnt bricks, brick prisms, and reinforced concrete beams. Given that cement production significantly contributes to global CO₂ emissions and sand mining causes severe environmental degradation, this study explores alternative materials to reduce the ecological footprint of conventional construction. Raw sugarcane bagasse ash, was dried and sieved (300 µm) for partial replacement for fly ash and cement. Simultaneously, marble waste was utilized as a substitute for fine aggregates such as river sand and crusher sand and tested to evaluate their mechanical and durability properties in both unburnt bricks and concrete. The optimal brick mix, containing 10% sugarcane bagasse ash and 10% marble waste, achieved improved compressive strength (5.65 MPa) and acceptable water absorption (< 20%), meeting the standards. Sugarcane bagasse ash - marble waste blended concrete also exhibited enhanced splitting tensile strength and superior resistance to acidic environments. Blended reinforced concrete beams demonstrated greater flexural strength compared to control specimens, confirming their structural applicability. Eventually, sugarcane bagasse ash and marble waste can effectively replace conventional construction materials without compromising performance, thereby promoting the sustainable reuse of industrial by-products and supporting eco-friendly construction practices. Bagasse ash Marble waste Sustainable construction Unburnt bricks Concrete strength Acid resistance Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 28 Feb, 2026 Read the published version in Journal of Building Pathology and Rehabilitation → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 03 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 31 Oct, 2025 Reviews received at journal 25 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 13 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 07 Oct, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 06 Oct, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 30 Sep, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 26 Sep, 2025 First submitted to journal 25 Sep, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7710165","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":520396453,"identity":"71e41460-5cc0-4088-b7f6-4ab733c3ffcb","order_by":0,"name":"T. Murugesan","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA4ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYHACxgMPQBR7A5AwsCBOz4EEEMlzAKRFghQtEhCSsHL52c0HDiS22dj1z3x+dcOPAgkG/vbuBLxaDO4cSwBqSUuecTun7GYP0GESZ85uwK9FIscAqOVwMsPtnLQbPEAtBhK5+LXIz8j/ANYif/NM2s0/xGhhuJHDANJiZ3CD/dhtomwB+sXgQMK5tATDMzlst2UMJHgI+gUYYg8ffCizsZc7fvzZzTd/bOT423sJOAwUEYxsDIkNDDwGID4PfuUwLQx/GOyBKeYBYdWjYBSMglEwIgEAjOtQsiJmnVAAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Government College of Engineering","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"T.","middleName":"","lastName":"Murugesan","suffix":""},{"id":520396454,"identity":"eee0c889-409a-4b70-9950-e728faa7f2b6","order_by":1,"name":"S. Rajeswari","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"PAAVAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"S.","middleName":"","lastName":"Rajeswari","suffix":""},{"id":520396455,"identity":"7d1925d7-83aa-43bd-b64c-25a36b62d012","order_by":2,"name":"A. Ramachandran","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Government College of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"A.","middleName":"","lastName":"Ramachandran","suffix":""},{"id":520396456,"identity":"1ba705f9-b3f1-4e5e-9587-727a896e192c","order_by":3,"name":"R. Vidjeapriya","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Anna University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"R.","middleName":"","lastName":"Vidjeapriya","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-09-25 07:53:24","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7710165/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7710165/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41024-026-00797-8","type":"published","date":"2026-02-28T15:58:18+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":92246343,"identity":"24bca6b0-54f6-4f39-800f-3cd17a677786","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-26 09:40:04","extension":"docx","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":10174138,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"MANUSCRIPT.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7710165/v1/f585395e7b3e59262f81a604.docx"},{"id":92245461,"identity":"b6a22eb8-2e63-4fcc-a18d-2d5d53d5f3a1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-26 09:32:04","extension":"json","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":5571,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"2e401d6eaa204bb7a5916f5b170fdcc5.json","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7710165/v1/3c08fde36e28bf8affb921ac.json"},{"id":92246337,"identity":"e59c2bca-47d7-4f12-821c-c2b28ddd7b99","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-26 09:40:04","extension":"xml","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":117616,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"2e401d6eaa204bb7a5916f5b170fdcc51enriched.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7710165/v1/d423b4f7320695b07e4ed2a4.xml"},{"id":92245460,"identity":"846ca98a-d918-49c8-a2be-0072758c0db8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-26 09:32:03","extension":"jpeg","order_by":3,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":131638,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7710165/v1/a6b4712aaa39cac617d2fdaa.jpeg"},{"id":92245467,"identity":"a2e5beed-82b2-4e59-9b6a-e91aafda7403","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-26 09:32:04","extension":"emf","order_by":4,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2386736,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage10.emf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7710165/v1/5c16cb841f21fe1ad3e4984f.emf"},{"id":92245465,"identity":"5e1d2dd7-3d8c-4cf9-9c47-ec774963053b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-26 09:32:04","extension":"emf","order_by":5,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1374640,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage11.emf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7710165/v1/6015ec8ebe21ece805b07a10.emf"},{"id":92246531,"identity":"e70811cd-484f-4724-9152-b1c98e622e81","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-26 09:48:04","extension":"jpeg","order_by":6,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":180770,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage12.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7710165/v1/a8bd3ece9c5104bd74b3b487.jpeg"},{"id":92246339,"identity":"6133508e-3336-4948-b877-849400577183","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-26 09:40:04","extension":"jpeg","order_by":7,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":251924,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage13.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7710165/v1/f49d39e5fa89379d3e30a845.jpeg"},{"id":92246534,"identity":"63fd9444-e42b-4ce1-b9e7-26ed011849d9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-26 09:48:04","extension":"emf","order_by":8,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":806768,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage14.emf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7710165/v1/805f0b6ce2c28015a87aa873.emf"},{"id":92245462,"identity":"5e58d9f6-ab1a-4f08-8237-fe78e35285cb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-26 09:32:04","extension":"jpeg","order_by":9,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":91028,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage15.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7710165/v1/a5f5ceccc16af1a8c963bee8.jpeg"},{"id":92246532,"identity":"88c44f40-6ec6-4d31-b1ab-b06b8dbf4cbd","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-26 09:48:04","extension":"jpeg","order_by":10,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":643426,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage16.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7710165/v1/6a5019a50b4e595d6dd50cc1.jpeg"},{"id":92245490,"identity":"a82cbea8-1cdb-4472-82c7-3807bc828c09","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-26 09:32:05","extension":"emf","order_by":11,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":4858112,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage17.emf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7710165/v1/5e3c012af1014107c3b97640.emf"},{"id":92245488,"identity":"ecbd3ba2-476b-4e39-89c4-351bae505442","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-26 09:32:04","extension":"png","order_by":12,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":341351,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage18.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7710165/v1/1eb4acbb26c1ff946ab9b004.png"},{"id":92246535,"identity":"9fa85bcd-72ba-4679-93cf-c00d25069d61","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-26 09:48:04","extension":"png","order_by":13,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":263355,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7710165/v1/63e7269ddd7a76a4a04fc892.png"},{"id":92247585,"identity":"ea269a2b-d3af-4c9e-b7c1-c6d3ca950117","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-26 09:56:04","extension":"jpeg","order_by":14,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":148164,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage3.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7710165/v1/fe84afdb0270e1bf3938c321.jpeg"},{"id":92245481,"identity":"4632a97a-0fc5-4f7d-8000-e8c61cb86883","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-26 09:32:04","extension":"emf","order_by":15,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":99116,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage4.emf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7710165/v1/aaac71c9f1bf502d8419b149.emf"},{"id":92246340,"identity":"2841465b-b361-419d-85d2-fd0c89791c0f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-26 09:40:04","extension":"emf","order_by":16,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":754168,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage5.emf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7710165/v1/80e79a41ae8f15a268aa7042.emf"},{"id":92246346,"identity":"290a1c1a-ccad-4c9c-916b-716561ad525e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-26 09:40:04","extension":"emf","order_by":17,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":99116,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage4.emf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7710165/v1/e76834c21ba8e402ccd71169.emf"},{"id":92245471,"identity":"5bfd9cf9-9086-40aa-823f-341e2619a984","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-26 09:32:04","extension":"jpeg","order_by":18,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":161091,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage7.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7710165/v1/5526caa9c3dc439a5700dda7.jpeg"},{"id":92245479,"identity":"6123fd54-e983-4042-af66-ba7bf720620b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-26 09:32:04","extension":"emf","order_by":19,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":3301212,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage8.emf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7710165/v1/71083eb5d80d4f130d2752b1.emf"},{"id":92245483,"identity":"eb6d4691-5c03-4f78-b442-fd528849606d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-26 09:32:04","extension":"png","order_by":20,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":63459,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage9.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7710165/v1/c76546d760d97795e0fcb9fa.png"},{"id":92245478,"identity":"690c5b55-eb95-4d8f-a058-9021cbc4401e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-26 09:32:04","extension":"png","order_by":21,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":104381,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7710165/v1/25bd4d6548eeec17a6fdaedf.png"},{"id":92245476,"identity":"5cab13cd-e668-4149-903c-178f7fe18af0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-26 09:32:04","extension":"png","order_by":22,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":798484,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage10.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7710165/v1/c85f3244ebb2de087c2129e5.png"},{"id":92245477,"identity":"fd783254-ecca-436d-967a-aac88105a0a7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-26 09:32:04","extension":"png","order_by":23,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":52361,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage11.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7710165/v1/b49fa24190db0675e8d9a53c.png"},{"id":92245497,"identity":"48a354fb-28c5-4f8f-a05e-195807a92479","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-26 09:32:05","extension":"png","order_by":24,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":116852,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage12.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7710165/v1/8ccb4a705f7c8b040777befe.png"},{"id":92245474,"identity":"a993d00c-a50e-46fe-ada0-c76c9ad2fc89","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-26 09:32:04","extension":"png","order_by":25,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":176911,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage13.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7710165/v1/a23500eee50b5141467a85a7.png"},{"id":92246347,"identity":"64d6ec27-a234-4f32-8c90-1c0bea2f3218","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-26 09:40:04","extension":"png","order_by":26,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":45374,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage14.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7710165/v1/698233015a719ea56ec4a98f.png"},{"id":92245496,"identity":"7ac61053-f0d0-453c-9168-b9e85e9c55cc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-26 09:32:05","extension":"png","order_by":27,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":76629,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage15.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7710165/v1/a43b17ce8df593118e608773.png"},{"id":92245484,"identity":"b058ce5b-cdf9-4f07-81df-7f11e39c22ab","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-26 09:32:04","extension":"png","order_by":28,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":37238,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage16.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7710165/v1/8515eb055ac49d762286d65f.png"},{"id":92246348,"identity":"dcdf7233-6d39-4319-adb6-666c1e26e2c9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-26 09:40:04","extension":"png","order_by":29,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":62754,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage17.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7710165/v1/544e1e92cf7db867cad5ad3d.png"},{"id":92246355,"identity":"7a2b01b4-3da9-46e9-8c51-5c9dfdb19591","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-26 09:40:05","extension":"png","order_by":30,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":71510,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage18.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7710165/v1/c3be5bc3e7d8347a62cd77d8.png"},{"id":92245482,"identity":"43fe4aa2-0ce1-4c30-851c-7287d91d7076","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-26 09:32:04","extension":"png","order_by":31,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":37686,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7710165/v1/f16a5a25603cbc3d83a3064b.png"},{"id":92246350,"identity":"a776190a-ae16-48e9-99cf-b03e155d3337","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-26 09:40:05","extension":"png","order_by":32,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":124858,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7710165/v1/7664e8fea4c012cb15083b0f.png"},{"id":92246354,"identity":"e949a892-970e-4442-aabc-792dbba4a0f2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-26 09:40:05","extension":"png","order_by":33,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":7306,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7710165/v1/5c3686deb55f4994d85bc691.png"},{"id":92246536,"identity":"eb9956f7-9fd3-4f63-a737-c6b7678cadc1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-26 09:48:05","extension":"png","order_by":34,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":11681,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7710165/v1/ba0c992e83d9e3ea41b9ba85.png"},{"id":92245499,"identity":"f9cd3d72-9d7c-4cad-9c38-998bd112f06b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-26 09:32:05","extension":"png","order_by":35,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":7306,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7710165/v1/cdda8bdf5602b294a04131c6.png"},{"id":92246345,"identity":"21147091-5fef-48d0-9c10-6eab2ed96cf6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-26 09:40:04","extension":"png","order_by":36,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":94225,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7710165/v1/141cfec1712fa791c6320024.png"},{"id":92246351,"identity":"6a475c24-5f9f-4532-801c-76bae8f5ff51","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-26 09:40:05","extension":"png","order_by":37,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1209076,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7710165/v1/707480bddab07af01b89292c.png"},{"id":92245489,"identity":"e5460476-535c-40d5-84fe-d97d6e06cd93","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-26 09:32:04","extension":"png","order_by":38,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":12726,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage9.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7710165/v1/7b82a23fc0b1846d5b36f797.png"},{"id":92245494,"identity":"191f63f8-cee1-456c-9532-f836df97d64d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-26 09:32:05","extension":"xml","order_by":39,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":116313,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"2e401d6eaa204bb7a5916f5b170fdcc51structuring.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7710165/v1/77abdfb78c48dfea2c27158f.xml"},{"id":92245492,"identity":"054621c6-01a2-4716-bad9-aa2200582b7b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-26 09:32:05","extension":"html","order_by":40,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":125322,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"earlyproof.html","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7710165/v1/6939264affb4e7ece7aef0d3.html"},{"id":103766520,"identity":"1d23d8d1-a4d5-4fae-9beb-d9edd1006780","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-02 16:14:56","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1891201,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"MANUSCRIPT.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7710165/v1_covered_01b49a16-bd59-4361-943c-1a69f7672005.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eSustainable Recycling of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash and Marble Waste in Unburnt Bricks and Concrete: A Path Toward Circular Construction Materials\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-building-pathology-and-rehabilitation","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"bpar","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Building Pathology and Rehabilitation](http://link.springer.com/journal/41024)","snPcode":"41024","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/41024/3","title":"Journal of Building Pathology and Rehabilitation","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Bagasse ash, Marble waste, Sustainable construction, Unburnt bricks, Concrete strength, Acid resistance","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7710165/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7710165/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis research investigates the sustainable use of sugarcane bagasse ash and marble waste in the production of unburnt bricks, brick prisms, and reinforced concrete beams. Given that cement production significantly contributes to global CO₂ emissions and sand mining causes severe environmental degradation, this study explores alternative materials to reduce the ecological footprint of conventional construction. Raw sugarcane bagasse ash, was dried and sieved (300 \u0026micro;m) for partial replacement for fly ash and cement. Simultaneously, marble waste was utilized as a substitute for fine aggregates such as river sand and crusher sand and tested to evaluate their mechanical and durability properties in both unburnt bricks and concrete. The optimal brick mix, containing 10% sugarcane bagasse ash and 10% marble waste, achieved improved compressive strength (5.65 MPa) and acceptable water absorption (\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;20%), meeting the standards. Sugarcane bagasse ash - marble waste blended concrete also exhibited enhanced splitting tensile strength and superior resistance to acidic environments. Blended reinforced concrete beams demonstrated greater flexural strength compared to control specimens, confirming their structural applicability. Eventually, sugarcane bagasse ash and marble waste can effectively replace conventional construction materials without compromising performance, thereby promoting the sustainable reuse of industrial by-products and supporting eco-friendly construction practices.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Sustainable Recycling of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash and Marble Waste in Unburnt Bricks and Concrete: A Path Toward Circular Construction Materials","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-09-26 09:31:59","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7710165/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":9},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-11-03T19:14:25+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-10-31T15:42:51+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-10-26T00:58:09+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"138146857546028060909967975380974245138","date":"2025-10-13T08:19:34+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"177575499511833233838084081329775960471","date":"2025-10-07T07:02:20+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-10-06T13:04:09+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-09-30T14:35:29+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-09-26T11:00:24+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Journal of Building Pathology and Rehabilitation","date":"2025-09-25T07:45:29+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-building-pathology-and-rehabilitation","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"bpar","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Building Pathology and Rehabilitation](http://link.springer.com/journal/41024)","snPcode":"41024","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/41024/3","title":"Journal of Building Pathology and Rehabilitation","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"518f2d0d-75b5-4daf-b0d8-8d415272fc73","owner":[],"postedDate":"September 26th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-03-02T16:11:56+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-7710165","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41024-026-00797-8","journal":{"identity":"journal-of-building-pathology-and-rehabilitation","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Journal of Building Pathology and Rehabilitation"},"publishedOn":"2026-02-28 15:58:18","publishedOnDateReadable":"February 28th, 2026"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-09-26 09:31:59","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s41024-026-00797-8","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41024-026-00797-8","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7710165","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7710165","identity":"rs-7710165","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}