Diversity of true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) on common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) in southern Slovakia

Diversity of true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) on common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) in southern Slovakia | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Diversity of true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) on common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) in southern Slovakia PETER TOTH, Veronika KRCHŇAVÁ, Monika TÓTHOVÁ This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2821032/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Common ragweed ( Ambrosia artemisiifolia Linnaeus 1800) is an exceptional invasive species. Information on true bugs occurring on ragweed plants is limited in the invasion region. The objective of this study was to determine the species composition of Heteroptera associated with A. artemisiifolia , assess their vectoring potential based on a literature review, and compare species similarity on the surveyed fields. Field surveys were conducted in 2020–2021 at 10 sites in southern Slovakia. Sweeping and visual observations were conducted in field margins, weedy agricultural fields, and mowed meadows infested with A. artemisiifolia . As part of the study, food specialization, abundance of each species, and their assignment to families were determined in detail. The Jaccard similarity index was used to evaluate the similarity of species composition among the sites studied. A total of 2,492 true bugs were recorded, representing 47 species of Heteroptera from 12 families. The most common phytophagous species were Nysius ericae ericae (Schilling 1829) (Pentatomomorpha, Lygaeidae), Adelphocoris lineolatus (Goeze 1778), Lygus rugulipennis (Poppius 1911), Lygus pratensis (Linnaeus 1758) (Cimicomorpha, Miridae), and a zoophagous species Nabis ( Dolichonabis ) limbatus (Dahlbom 1851) (Cimicomorpha, Nabidae). The similarity of species in paired localities was low, with highly migratory and polyphagous species dominating, able to cross the field from the adjacent landscape. A. artemisiifolia is a known host for plant viruses and phytoplasmas, and several Heteroptera species are carriers of these plant pathogens. Halyomorpha halys was the only detected carrier of phytoplasmas, and its abundance on A. artemisiifolia was extremely low. insect guild habitat invasive weed vectors carriers Cimicomorpha Pentatomomorpha plant pathogens Figures Figure 1 Introduction Common ragweed ( Ambrosia artemisiifolia /Linnaeus 1800/Asteraceae) is an invasive North American plant in Europe and elsewhere (Essl et al. 2015 ; Chauvel and Cadet 2011 ; Guillemin and Chauvel 2011 ; Kazinczi and Novák 2014 ; Weber 2017 ). The species has serious negative impacts on agriculture (Kazinczi et al. 2008 ) and human health (Storms et al. 1997 , Simard and Benoit 2010 ) and threatens biodiversity (Zisenis 2015 ). It produces allergenic pollen that is hazardous to the human respiratory system (Bordas-Le Floch et al. 2015 ; Smith et al. 2013 ) and is a major cause of allergic rhinitis (Hamaoui-Laguel et al. 2015 ). The native insect guild associated with common ragweed in Europe is mostly polyphagous and causes little damage. Only 18 insect species have been proposed as candidates for biological control of A. artemisiifolia in Europe (Gerber et al. 2011 ). True bugs/Heteroptera (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera) are a large, cosmopolitan suborder of Hemiptera that includes over 45,000 described species. This is a diverse, abundant, and globally successful group. Their trophic behavior is also diverse, ranging from herbivores to predators (Cassis 2019 ). Most true bugs are phytophagous (Dolling 1991 ), and habitat characteristics are important for the structure of their guilds (Zurbrügg and Frank 2006 ). Herbivorous species include some destructive pests, while predatory species can be useful in agriculture, horticulture, and forestry (Dolling 1991 ). Numerous sap-sucking bugs are involved in plant disease transmission (Mitchell 2004 ; Mitchell et al. 2018 ). Accurate data on true bugs are scarce, e.g., on sandy grasslands (Torma et al. 2017 ), in agricultural landscapes (Gibicsár and Keszthelyi 2023 ; Laterza et al. 2023 ), or on litter and soil (Abukenova et al. 2022 ), but the occurrence of heteropterans on common ragweed in its introduced range in Eurasia is an area that remains poorly studied (Maceljski and Igrc 1989 ; Kiss et al. 2008 ; Franin et al. 2021 ; Limonta et al. 2022 ). Because the occurrence of heteropterans on ragweed was common, we hypothesized that they might serve as carriers or vectors of ragweed diseases. Therefore, we decided to conduct a survey in southern Slovakia to determine the species composition of Heteroptera on A. artemisiifolia , their trophic preferences, and their ability to transmit and/or carry diseases. We also investigated the effects of geographic regions and local habitats on true bugs guild. Materials And Methods Heteropterans were collected with an insect net (30 cm diameter) by sweeping the canopy of A. artemisiifolia or beating the plants (3 x 30 plants per locality). Species caught in situ were euthanized in the field with ethyl acetate (C4H8O2). Insects were monitored at 10 localities in southern Slovakia in 2020 and 2021 (Table 1 , Fig. 1 ). Screening was conducted from mid-July (beginning of flowering) to mid-late August (end of flowering) in three habitat types - field margins, weedy agricultural fields, and mowed meadows. The localities had low elevation, had sandy-loam or loamy soils, warm to very warm climates, moderately moist to very dry areas, and mild to cool winters (Zaťko et al. 2002). As the crow flies, the distance between the westernmost (Balvany) and easternmost locality (Malé Trakany) was 310 km. The Jaccard similarity index was used to assess the true similarities in bug species composition between two localities (Fontoura Costa 2022 ; Glen 2023 ). Trophic preferences and vectoring ability were determined using information published in the literature. Relevant entomological identification keys were used to identify the true bugs, and the identification was confirmed by Heteroptera expert Jozef Cunev, Nitra, Slovakia. Results And Discussion During field surveys in 2020–2021 at 10 localities throughout southern Slovakia, 2,496 Heteroptera individuals were detected in sweep samples from stands of invasive A. artemisiifolia . A total of 47 species from the 12 families Nabidae, Miridae, Tingidae (Cimicomorpha), Coreidae, Rhopalidae, Stenocephalidae, Berytidae, Lygaeidae, Oxycarenidae, Rhyparochromidae, Pentatomidae, and Scutelleridae (Pentatomomorpha) were detected (Table 2 ). Table 2 True bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) fauna of flowering Ambrosia artemisiifolia during 2020–2021 in southern Slovakia Infraorder/ Family/Species Food specialisation References Balvany Malá nad Hronom Sikenička Gemerský Jablonec Tachty Brehov Malé Trakany Strážne Svatuše Veľký Horeš TOTAL Relative occurrence (%) CIMICOMORPHA NABIDAE Nabis (Dolichonabis) limbatus Dahlbom, 1851 zoophagous Wachmann et al. 2006 in Malenovský et al. 2011 53 185 4 7 14 2 25 12 2 32 336 13.46 Nabis rugosus (Linnaeus, 1758) zoophagous Wachmann et al. 2006 in Malenovský et al. 2011 1 1 0.04 MIRIDAE Adelphocoris lineolatus (Goeze, 1778) phyto, poly (Fabaceae, eggs are laid to some Asteraceae) Puchkov 1972 in Saulich & Musolin 2020 70 149 5 32 20 6 53 35 11 100 481 19.27 Adelphocoris vandalicus (Rossi, 1790) phyto, poly (incl. Asteraceae) Yazıcı & Yildirim 2017 1 1 0.04 Adelphocoris seticornis (Fabricius, 1775) phyto, oligo (Fabaceae) Wachmann et al. 2004: in Malenovský et al. 2011 1 3 4 0.16 Deraeocoris (Deraeocoris) ruber (Linnaeus, 1758) zoophagous Collyer 1953 1 1 0.04 Deraeocoris (Camptobrochis) punctulatus (Fallén, 1807) phytozoophagous (mostly Solanaceae) Chinajariyawong & Harris 1987 Sanchez et al. 2003 1 2 3 0.12 Lygocoris (Lygocoris) pabulinus (Linnaeus, 1761) phyto, poly Southwood & Leston 1959 in Eyles 1999 1 1 1 3 0.12 Lygus pratensis (Linnaeus, 1758) phyto, poly (incl. Asteraceae) Lu & Wu 2008 in Saulich & Musolin 2020 47 37 18 6 5 4 23 12 6 13 171 6.85 Lygus rugulipennis Poppius, 1911 phyto, poly (Asteraceae among the most important) Holopainen & Varis 1991 54 92 2 3 6 1 2 3 1 25 189 7.57 Orthops (Orthops) campestris (Linnaeus, 1758) phyto, oligo (Apiaceae) Wachmann et al. 2004 in Malenovský et al. 2011 1 3 2 1 7 0.28 Orthotylus sp. various, indefinite 50 50 2.00 Stenodema (Brachystira) calcarata (Fallén, 1807) phyto,poly (Poaceae rarely Cyperaceae and Juncaceae) Hradil et al. 2013 2 1 2 5 0.20 Trigonotylus pulchellus (Hahn, 1834) phyto, poly Amaranthaceae, Fabaceae, Vitis vinifera Lodos et al. 2003 in Kivan & Dirik 2016 3 11 1 1 3 6 2 4 31 1.24 TINGIDAE Corythucha ciliata (Say, 1832) phyto, oligo ( Platanus spp.) Rabitsch 2008 1 1 0.04 Dictyla echii (Schrank, 1782) phyto, oligo (Boraginaceae) Stehlík 2002 1 1 0.04 PENTATOMOMORPHA COREIDAE Coreus marginatus marginatus (Linnaeus, 1758) phyto, poly (Polygonaceae, Asteraceae) Putshkov 1962 in Pekár & Hrušková 2006 5 1 6 0.24 Gonocerus juniperi (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1839) phyto, oligo (Cupressaceae) Rabitsch 2008 1 1 0.04 RHOPALIDAE Brachycarenus tigrinus Schilling, 1829 phyto, poly (mostly Brassicaceae, Chenopodioideae, Amaranthaceae, Ericaceae) Aukema 1993 7 7 0.28 Corizus hyoscyami hyoscyami (Linnaeus, 1758) phyto, poly (incl. Asteraceae) Stewart et al. 2015 1 1 0.04 Chorosoma schillingii (Schilling, 1829) phyto, oligo (Poaceae) Vilímová & Rohanová 2010 1 1 0.04 Myrmus miriformis miriformis (Fallén, 1807) phyto, oligo (Poaceae) Stehlík & Vavřínová 1989 2 2 0.08 Stictopleurus abutilon abutilon (Rossi, 1790) phyto, oligo (Asteraceae) Honěk et al. 2013 3 1 4 0.16 Stictopleurus punctatonervosus (Goeze, 1778) phyto, oligo (Asteraceae) Stehlík & Vavřínová 1989 1 4 1 6 0.24 Rhopalus (Rhopalus) parumpunctatus Schilling, 1829 phyto, poly (incl. Asteraceae) Stehlík & Vavřínová 1989 , Ellis 2001–2022 7 1 1 9 0.36 Rhopalus (Rhopalus) subrufus (Gmelin, 1790) phyto, poly (incl. Asteraceae, some preference for Lamiaceae) Stehlík & Vavřínová 1989 , Ellis 2001–2022 3 3 6 0.24 STENOCEPHALIDAE Dicranocephalus medius (Mulsant a Rey, 1870) phyto, oligo ( Euphorbia ) Ellis 2001–2022 3 3 0.12 BERYTIDAE Berytinus (Berytinus) minor minor (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1835) phyto, poly (mainly Fabaceae) Ellis 2001–2022, Gierlasiński et al. 2019 1 1 0.04 LYGAEIDAE Lygaeus equestris (Linnaeus, 1758) phyto, mono ( Vincetoxicum hirundinaria ) Laukkanen et al. 2014 1 1 2 0.08 Nysius ericae ericae (Schilling, 1829) phyto, poly ( incl. Asteraceae) Linnavuori 2011 Ellis 2001–2022 63 1004 1 2 11 19 1100 44.07 Nysius helveticus (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1850) phyto, poly (incl. Asteraceae) Ellis 2001–2022 1 1 0.04 Nysius senecionis senecionis (Schilling, 1829) phyto, oligo (Asteraceae, preference for Senecio ) Ellis 2001–2022, Stehlík & Vavřínová 1997 2 2 0.08 OXYCARENIDAE Metopoplax origani (Kolenati, 1845) phyto, oligo (Asteraceae) Redei 2007 4 5 3 12 0.48 RHYPAROCHROMIDAE Rhyparochromus vulgaris (Schilling, 1829) phyto, poly (seed feeder) Stehlík & Vavřínová 1998 , Ellis 2001–2022 2 2 0.08 PENTATOMIDAE Aelia acuminata (Linnaeus, 1758) phyto, oligo (Poaceae) Stehlík 1985 12 1 1 14 0.56 Aelia klu gii Hahn, 1833 phyto, oligo (Poaceae) Halászfy 1959 1 1 0.04 Aelia rostrata (Boheman, 1852) phyto, oligo (Poaceae) Kment et al. 2013 2 2 0.08 Carpocoris (Carpocoris) purpureipenn is (De Geer, 1773) phyto, poly (incl. Asteraceae) Stehlík 1986 , Linnavuori 2008 2 1 3 0.12 Dolycoris baccarum (Linnaeus, 1758) phyto, poly (incl. Asteraceae) Gözüaçik & Konuksal 2019 4 4 0.16 Eurydema (Eurydema) oleracea (Linnaeus, 1758) phyto, oligo (Brassicaceae) Stehlík 1986 1 4 5 0.20 Eysarcoris ventralis (Westwood, 1837) phyto, poly (incl. Asteraceae) Hemala et al. 2014 1 1 0.04 Graphosoma italicum (Müller, 1766) phyto, oligo (Apiaceae) Stehlík 1984 1 1 3 5 0.20 Peribalus (Peribalus) strictus strictus (Fabricius, 1803) phyto, poly (incl. Asteraceae) Ghahari et al. 2014 2 2 0.08 Piezodorus lituratus (Fabricius, 1794) phyto, poly (mainly Fabaceae) Ellis 2001–2022 1 1 0.04 Halyomorpha halys Stål, 1855 phyto, poly (incl. Asteraceae) Khadka et al. 2021 2 2 0.08 Zicrona caerulea (Linnaeus, 1758) zoophagous Noge & Tamogami 2018 2 1 3 0.12 SCUTELLERIDAE Eurygaster testudinaria testudinaria (Geoffroy, 1785) phyto, poly (mostly Poaceae, Cyperaceae, incl. Asteraceae) Stehlík 1995 , Ellis 2001–2022 2 2 0.08 296 1594 32 54 50 18 134 78 32 208 2496 100.00 Table 2 The phytophagous true bugs guild was the most abundant with 41 species (2,102 specimens). Polyphagous were 23 different species (2,029 specimens). These species were generalists with a wide range of host plants; therefore, it was difficult to determine their trophic preferences in detail. However, a more detailed analysis of trophic relationships revealed the dominance of polyphagous species with trophic affinity for Asteraceae (16 species, 1,979 specimens). The most common polyphagous species without trophic affinity to Asteraceae was Trigonotylus pulchellus (Hahn, 1834) which occurred at most of the localities examined in this study. The remaining polyphagous species occurred in low numbers and at random in the habitats studied. The abundance of specialized species (oligophagous and monophagous) was extremely low compared to generalists. A total of 17 oligophagous species (71 specimens) The trophic preferences of monophagous species (2 specimens) were not associated with Asteraceae. The four most abundant herbivorous species were Nysius ericae ericae (Schilling 1829) (Pentatomomorpha: Lygaeidae) 44.07%, Adelphocoris lineolatus (Goeze 1778) 19.27%, Lygus rugulipennis (Poppius 1911) 7.57%, and Lygus pratensis (Linnaeus 1758) 6.85% (Cimicomorpha: Miridae). All are polyphagous with trophic relationships to Asteraceae, native and widespread in Europe (Saulich and Musolin 2020 ). In Italy, N. ericae ericae was common in dry grasslands with shrubs and invasive plant invasion (Limonta et al. 2022 ). N. ericae has also been identified as a forager on green mustard pods and a carrier of the plant pathogen Nematospora coryli (Burgess et al. 1993 ). According to Judd and Hodkinson ( 1998 ), this species is associated with Asteraceae on early successional sites, sand dunes, marshes, heaths, and wastelands and on abandoned or weedy agricultural fields. Despite their polyphagy, many species of mirid bugs (Miridae) show specific feeding preferences for host plants and plant parts (Wheeler 2001 ). A. lineolatus shows a strong preference for Medicago sativa - a host plant important for overwintering and early season development (Lu et al. 2011 ; Pan et al. 2013 ). Preferred host plants of L. rugulipennis are nitrophilous wild plants ( Urtica dioica , Artemisia vulgaris , Tripleurospermum inodorum , Matricaria matricarioides , Senecio vulgaris ) and the most reported cultivated host plants are Fabaceae ( Medicago sativa and Trifolium pratense ), which symbiotically fix nitrogen (Holopainen and Varis 1991 ). L. pratensis is biologically and ecologically close to L. rugulipennis , has a similar range of host plants, and often co-occurs with the latter, although usually in smaller numbers (Puchkov 1966 ). The four most common herbivore species are known to be vectors or carriers of plant pathogens (viruses, phytoplasmas, bacteria, fungi) (Table 3 ). Table 3 Vectoring potencial and presence of viruses and Mollicutes in true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) associated with flowering Ambrosia artemisiifolia during 2020–2021 in Slovakia Infraorder/Family/Species Food specialisation carrier/vector References Abundance (pcs) Abundance (%) CIMICOMORPHA MIRIDAE Adelphocoris lineolatus (Goeze, 1778) phyto, poly (Fabaceae, eggs are laid to some Asteraceae) Ca . P. solani (16Sr XII) (carrier) Aster yellows phytoplasma (16SrI-C and 16SrI-F) (carrier) Šafářová et al. 2018 Korbášová 2012 481 19.27 Lygocoris (Lygocoris) pabulinus (Linnaeus, 1761) phyto, poly Erwinia amylovora (pear shoots) (vector) Emmet & Baker 1971 3 0.12 Lygus pratensis (Linnaeus, 1758) phyto, poly (incl. Asteraceae) Ca . P. solani (16Sr XII)(mixed sample of L. pratensis and L. rugulipennis ) (carrier) Potato leaf roll virus (PLRV), Potato virus Y (PVY), Potato virus S (PVS), Potato virus M (PVM), Potato virus A (PVA) (carrier) Březíková & Linhartová 2007 Sobko et al. 2021 , 2022 171 6.85 Lygus rugulipennis Poppius, 1911 phyto, poly (Asteraceae among the most important) Potato leaf roll virus (PLRV), Potato virus M (PVM) (vector) X-disease 16SrIII-B (in larva) (carrier) Ca . P. solani (16Sr XII) (carrier) Aster yellows phytoplasma (16SrI-C and 16SrI-F) (carrier) Pseudomonas syringae pv. aptata (sugar beet) (carrier) Turka 1978 in Mitchell 2004 Orságová et al. 2011 Šafářová et al. 2018 Korbášová 2012 Bilewicz-Pawińska 1967 in Wheeler 2001 189 7.57 Orthops (Orthops) campestris (Linnaeus, 1758) phyto, oligo (Apiaceae) Stemphylium radicinum (vector) Bech 1967 Cite in Ratnadass & Deguine 2020 7 0.28 PENTATOMOMORPHA LYGAEIDAE Nysius ericae ericae (Schilling, 1829) phyto, poly (incl. Asteraceae) Nematospora coryli (on Brassica juncea) (carrier) Burgess et al. 1993 1100 44.07 PENTATOMIDAE Halyomorpha halys Stål, 1855 phyto, poly (incl. Asteraceae) Paulownia witches' broom phytoplasma (16SrI-D) (vector) Hiruki 1999 2 0.08 Table 3 L. pratensis has been identified as a carrier of potato viruses - Potato leaf roll virus (PLRV), Potato virus Y (PVY), Potato virus A (PVA), Potato virus S (PVS), Potato virus M (PVM) (Sobko et al. 2021 ; Sobko et al. 2022 ). Recognized vectors for these viruses are aphids. PVRL is persistently transmitted circulatively in a persistent circulative manner, all others are not persistently transmitted and spread via tubers and mechanically (Kumar et al. 2022 ; Lacomme et al. 2017 ; Agindotan et al. 2007 ; Fuentes et al. 2021 ). A. artemisiifolia served as a reservoir for PVY virus (Sobko et al. 2021 ; Sobko et al. 2022 ). L. rugulipennis and A. lineolatus were recently identified as new carriers of Ca. Phytoplasma solani (Šafářová et al. 2018 ). Although Ca. P. solani has a broad host plant range, including weeds (Quaglino 2022 ), direct evidence of A. artemisiifolia as a host plant has only recently been confirmed (Kosovac et al. 2023 ). Asteraceae (including A. artemisiifolia ) are known hosts for the Aster yellows phytoplasma (AYp). This phytoplasma was detected in A. lineolatus and L. rugulipennis collected in southern Moravia (Czech Republic) (Korbášová 2012 ). In another study conducted in vineyards in the same region, AYp was not detected in these two true bugs (Šafářová et al. 2018 ). The X- disease phytoplasma found in L. rugulipennis infects most Prunus species and potentially a wide host range of herbaceous plants including annual and perennial weeds (Jensen 1971 ). Recently, a phytoplasma of the X-disease group, ribosomal subgroup 16SrIII-B, was detected in some perennial herbaceous plants of the Asteraceae family, Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench. from native to North America (Fránová et al. 2013 ), Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. (Rančić et al. 2005 ), and Arnica montana L. native to Europe (Pavlovic et al. 2012 ) were found. It is important to note that isolation of phytoplasmas from A. lineolatus , L. rugulipennis , and L. pratensis does not guarantee that they can transmit the disease (Mitchel 2004). These true bug species belong to the infraorder Cimicomorpha (Heteroptera), which are characterized by a non-envelope-forming cell rupture type. Repeated intracellular penetration of their thicker stylet causes mechanical and enzymatic damage to plant tissue (Tingey and Pillemer 1977). Because phytoplasmas are obligate parasites that inhabit the living intracellular plant environment (Hogenhout et al. 2008 ), functional and undamaged cells are required for successful infection (Mitchel 2004). The ability of Stephanitis typica (Tingidae), the only Cimicomorpha species previously classified as a phytoplasma vector, to function as a vector has not been confirmed (Edwin and Mohankumar 2007 ). Non-phloem feeding Lygus species preferentially feed on plant meristem tissue or developing reproductive organs (Strong 1970 ). Plant meristematic tissue is usually free of pathogens (Laimer and Bertaccini 2019 ). Meristematic tissues in terminal buds are the main source of auxin (Müller and Leyser 2011 ). Loss of auxin producing tissues due to feeding by Lygus bugs can lead to altered vegetative growth. Altered plant architecture is a result of suppressed apical dominance and increased growth of lateral branches from axillary buds (Strong 1970 ). These morphological changes can be described as umbelliferous plant habits with an apartment-topped appearance, as described for inflorescences of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. (Suzuki et al. 2002 ). The witches' broom symptoms induced by phytoplasmas are also associated with the loss of apical dominance of shoots (Bertaccini et al. 2022), but the change in plant habit is due to the excessive proliferation of slender shoots arising at or near the same site (Kůdela et al. 2007). Because phytoplasmas are phloem-limited, phloem-feeding insects can potentially ingest and transmit the pathogen (Weintraub and Beanland 2006 ). Phloem feeding is usually associated with the formation of stylet salivary sheaths (Backus 1988 ). In Heteroptera, the formation of salivary sheaths is a common feature of the infraorder Pentatomomorpha, but their targets include mesophyll or reproductive tissue (mature seeds, developing endosperm) in addition to vascular tissue. In the case of seed feeding, leaf sheath formation is minimal (Mitchel 2004). Aster yellows phytoplasma (ribosomal subgroup Srl-A) has recently been detected in seeds and seedlings of Zea mays L. (Nipah et al. 2007 ), Brassica napus L., and B. rapa L. (Olivier et al. 2010 ). Many Lygaeidae species feed on nutrient rich seeds, but also on plant sap (Schuh and Slater 1995 ). The most numerous seed-feeding species in our collection was N. ericae ericae . Their ability to acquire phytoplasmas from seeds or other plant parts is not known, but phytoplasma DNA was found in two Lygaeoidea species, Nysius vinitor Bergroth and Oxycarenus maculatus Stal (White et al. 1997 ; Wieczorek and Wright 2003 ). However, there is evidence that phytoplasmas may be pathogens or beneficial symbionts of hemipteran insects (Hogenhout et al. 2008 ). In Slovakia, the highly polyphagous invasive Halyomorpha halys Stål, 1855 (Pentatomomorpha: Pentatomidae) was present in the guild of species associated with A. artemisiifolia . H. halys transmits the Paulownia witches' broom phytoplasma. Phytoplasma isolates from China, Korea, and Japan belonged to ribosomal subgroup 16SrI (Aster yellows and related phytoplasmas) (Hiruki 1999 ). The fifth most abundant species was the predatory true bug Nabis ( Dolichonabis ) limbatus Dahlbom, 1851 (Nabidae) with a relative abundance of 13.46%. Nabids are predators of leafhoppers (Auchenorrhyncha), aphids (Sternorrhyncha), leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), and eggs and larvae of Lepidoptera. Several species are also predators of Miridae, especially the genus Lygus (Lattin, 1989 ). N. limbatus occurred at all observed localities, except of Svätuše. In Svätuše, only one specimen of N. rugosus (Linnaeus, 1758) was found at the field margins. There is evidence that nabids respond to habitat manipulation. Higher populations are found in more diverse agroecosystems where insecticides are not used (Hammond and Stinner 1987 ). Because there is evidence that nabids feed on plants to obtain water (Ridgway and Jones 1968 ), the use of systemic insecticides may negatively affect their populations (Lentz et al. 1983 ). A few specimens of Zicrona caerulea (Linnaeus, 1758) (Pentatomidae) found at two surveyed localities were predaceous. The species is usually associated with Oenothera biennis L. (Onagraceae) infested by herbivores outside of agricultural land. O. biennis may act as a companion plant that maintains this predatory true bug in the field margin and inside the crop field (Noge and Tamogami 2018 ). The predominantly phytophagous Miridae included a zoophagous species, Deraeocoris ( Deraeocoris ) ruber (Linnaeus, 1758) and a few specimens of the zoophytophagous Deraeocoris ( Camptobrochis ) punctulatus (Fallén, 1807). D. punctulatus was most abundant on solanaceous plants (Sanchez et al. 2003 ) and frequently fed on the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Stam and Elmosa 1990 ). B. tabaci is an important and versatile vector of plant viruses (Fiallo-Olivé et al. 2020 ). Zoophytophagous true bugs feed on plants and prey on arthropods, both of which can harbor plant viruses or phytoplasmas, for example. Zoophytophagous generalists such as Macrolophus pygmaeus (Rambur, 1839) and Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter, 1895) (Miridae) are widely used biological control agents. Feeding damage to potato plants caused by these mirid bugs did not result in transmission potato virus Y (Pazyuk and Fominykh 2019 ). On the other hand, phytophagy of N. tenuis or M. pygmaeus on pepper plants reduced Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus replication by activating of the jasmonate and salicylate pathways (Bouagga et al. 2020 ; Peréz-Hedo et al. 2022). Another efficient zoophytophagous predators used in biological control are from the genus Orius (Anthocoridae). Phytoplasma was detected in Orius sp. preying upon Aceria proteae (Acarina: Eriophyiidae) bearing a high concentration of the pathogen. Orius sp. is not thought to act as a vector, but it has not been studied (Wieczorek and Wright 2003 ). The highest similarity of true bug species was observed in pair combination of distant localities with low species diversity - Sikenička, Gemerský Jablonec, and Strážne (60–70%). Most of the pair-wise combined localities had a low species similarity with the median of Jaccard index 28% (Table 4 ). This suggests the differences in Heteroptera species composition at the localities studied and a weak relationship with habitats and A. artemisiifolia . Table 4 Jaccard similarity index (%) of true bug species on Ambrosia artemisiifolia by pairwise compared sites and quantitative characteristics of heteropteran guild. Heteroptera were collected throughout southern Slovakia in 2020–2021. Sites Balvany Malá n/Hronom Sikenička Gemerský Jablonec Tachty Brehov Malé Trakany Strážne Svätuše Veľký Horeš Balvany • 24 50 43 28 33 28 46 17 37 Malá n/Hronom 9/28* • 23 22 15 17 27 27 8 21 Sikenička 6/12 7/30 • 60 40 50 22 67 27 50 Gemerský Jablonec 6/14 7/22 6/10 • 33 40 17 70 12 42 Tachty 4/14 4/33 4/11 4/12 • 50 33 36 23 38 Brehov 5/12 6/30 5/8 5/10 5/8 • 23 44 18 33 Malé Trakany 7/25 11/37 5/23 5/24 7/21 6/20 • 26 25 28 Strážne 6/13 8/30 6/9 7/10 4/11 5/9 6/23 • 13 46 Svätuše 5/16 5/36 4/14 4/16 5/13 4/13 8/24 4/15 • 17 Veľký Horeš 6/16 7/34 6/12 6/14 5/12 5/12 7/24 6/13 5/17 • * The number of same species on both sites / amount of all species in both sites We studied three habitats, the most predominant ones were field margins, ragweed/weed infested agricultural fields and a mowed meadow, in three geographical areas of southern Slovakia (Table 1 ). We believe that the composition of the landscape surrounding each field studied had a stronger influence on the composition and abundance of insect species than the field vegetation itself. The main reason for this could be the prevalence of polyphagous species and the presence of oligophagous species without trophic affinity to Asteraceae (Table 2 ). Like other pest species, heteropterans are good fliers and colonisers that use and traverse different habitat types during their life cycle (Fauvel 1999 ), and in summer A. artemisiifolia provided a suitable food source (maturing seeds on the main inflorescence and terminal buds on side shoots) for both infraorder representatives. Weeds are an important alternative food source and play a significant role in promoting biodiversity in agroecosystems (Capinera 2005 ; Marshall et al. 2003 ). Conclusion The studied localities in southern Slovakia showed low species similarity of true bugs with Jaccard index averaging median 28% and weak relationship with habitats and A. artemisiifolia . The community of true bugs was composed of 16 species of the infraorder Cimicomorpha (51.48%) and 31 species of infraorder Pentatomomorpha (48.52%). The Cimicomorpha species, Adelphocoris lineolatus and Lygus pratensis , were recorded at all 10 localities, Nabis limbatus at 9, Lygus rugulipennis and Trigonotylus pulchellus at 8 localities. Nysius ericae ericae occurred at 6 localities and accounted for 90.83% of all Pentatomomorpha species. The remaining species occurred irregularly. Therefore, we assume that the landscape surrounding each studied field had a stronger influence on the species composition and abundance of the bugs than the vegetation of the field. 69.6% of the polyphagous species had trophic relationships with Asteraceae. The most numerous herbivorous Cimicomorpha species ( A. lineolaris , L. rugulipennis , L. pratensis ) are known to be carriers of plant viruses or phytoplasmas. The only documented carrier of phytoplasmas is Halyomorpha halys (Pentatomomorpha), which transmits Aster yellows and related phytoplasmas to Paulownia trees. A. artemisiifolia is a known reservoir for several plant viruses and phytoplasmas, including Aster yellows disease. From our results and the literature review, we can conclude that Heteroptera remains a less important vector of phytoplasmas. A. artemisiifolia serves as an important reservoir for plant pests and provides an alternative food source for true bugs in summer, after crop harvest. Therefore, it plays an important role in maintaining populations of polyphagous true bugs in the studied agricultural habitats in southern Slovakia. Declarations Acknowledgements The research was supported by the Agency for Scientific Promotion of the Ministry of Education of the Slovak Republic VEGA 1/0467/22 and the Slovak Agency for Research and Development under contract number SK-SRB -21-0045. Authors' addresses: Peter TÓTH (corresponding author: [email protected] ), Monika TÓTHOVÁ, Veronika KRCHŇAVÁ, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Institute of Agronomic Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia. Author contributions: conceptualization, P.T.; methodology, P.T.; validation, P.T., M.T.; formal analysis, P.T., M.T.; investigation, P.T., V.K.; resources, P.T.; data maintenance, P.T., V.K.; preparation of original draft, P.T., M.T.; revision and editing, P.T., M.T.; supervision, P.T.; project management, P.T., M.T.; acquisition of funding, P.T. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. 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In: Muratov A, Ignateva S (eds) Fundamental and Applied Scientific Research in the Development of Agriculture in the Far East (AFE-2021). Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91402-8_49. Eyles AC (1999) New genera and species of the Lygus‐Complex (Hemiptera: Miridae) in the New Zealand subregion compared with subgenera (now genera) studied by Leston (1952) and Niastama, Reuter, New Zealand. J Zool 26:303-354. DOI: 10.1080/03014223.1999.9518198 Stam PA, Elmosa H (1990) The role of predators and parasites in controlling populations of Earias insulana , Heliothis armigera and Bemisia tabaci on cotton in the Syrian Arab Republic. Entomophaga 35:315–327. DOI:10.1007/bf02375255 Stehlík JL (1984) Results of the investigations on Hemiptera in Moravia made by the Moravian Museum (Pentatomoidea 3). Acta Mus Morav, Sci Biol 69:163–185. Stehlík JL (1985) Results of the investigations on Hemiptera in Moravia made by the Moravian Museum (Pentatomoidea 4). Acta Mus Morav, Sci Biol 70:147–175. Stehlík JL (1986) Results of the investigations on Hemiptera in Moravia made by the Moravian Museum (Pentatomoidea 5). Acta Mus Morav, Sci Biol 71:147–178. Stehlík JL (1995) Results of the investigations on Hemiptera in Moravia made by the Moravian Museum (Pentatomoidea VII). Acta Mus Morav, Sci Biol 79:85–96. Stehlík JL (2002) Results of the investigations on Hemiptera in Moravia made by the Moravian Museum (Tingidae). Acta Mus Morav, Sci Biol 87:87-149. Stehlík JL, Vavřínová I (1989) Results of the investigations on Hemiptera in Moravia made by the Moravian Museum (Coreoidea 2). Acta Mus Morav, Sci Biol 74:175–200. Stehlík JL, Vavřínová I (1997) Results of the investigations on Hemiptera in Moravia made by the Moravian Museum. (Lygaeidae I). Acta Mus Morav, Sci Biol 81:231–298. Stehlík JL, Vavřínová I (1998) Results of the investigations on Hemiptera in Moravia made by the Moravian Museum (Lygaeidae III). Acta Mus Morav, Sci Biol 83:21–70. Stewart AJA, Bantock TM, Beckmann BC, Botham MS, Hubble D, Roy DB (2015) The role of ecological interactions in determining species ranges and range changes. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 115:647–663. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/bij.12543 Storms W, Meltzer EO, Nathan RA, Selner JC (1997) The economic impact of allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 99:820-824. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0091-6749(97)80042-5 Strong FE (1970) Physiology of Injury Caused by Lygus hesperus . J Econ Entomol 63:808-814. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/63.3.808 Suzuki M, Takahashi T, Komeda Y (2002) Formation of corymb-like inflorescences due to delay in bolting and flower development in the corymbosa2 mutant of Arabidopsis. Plant Cell Physiol 43:298–306. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcf036 Šafářová D, Lauterer P, Starý M, Válová P, Navrátil M (2018) Insight into epidemiological importance of phytoplasma vectors in vineyards in South Moravia, Czech Republic. Plant Prot Sci. 54:234-239 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.17221/8/2018-PPS. Tingey WM, Pillimer EA (1977) Lygus Bugs: Crop Resistance and Physiological Nature of Feeding Injury. Bulletin of the Entomological Society of America 23:277-287. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/besa/23.4.277 Torma A, Bozsó M, Tölgyesi C, Gallé R (2017) Relationship of different feeding groups of true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) with habitat and landscape features in Pannonic salt grasslands. J Insect Conserv 21:645–656. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-017-0007-y Vilímová J, Rohanová M (2010) The external morphology of eggs of three Rhopalidae species (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) with a review of the eggs of this family. Acta Entomol Mus Natl Pragae 50:75–95. Malenovský I, Baňař P, Kment PA (2011) Contribution to the faunistic of the Hemiptera (Cicadomorpha, Fulgoromorpha, Heteroptera, and Psylloidea) associated with dry grassland sites in southern Moravia (Czech Republic). Acta Mus Morav, Sci Biol 96:41-187. Weber E (2017) Invasive Plant Species of the World: A Reference Guide to Environmental Weeds, CABI 2nd Edition, 596 pages Wheeler AG (2001) Biology of the plant bugs (Hemiptera: Miridae): pests, predators, opportunists. Cornell University Press Weintraub P, Beanland L (2006) Insect vectors of phytoplasmas. Annu Rev Entomol 51:91-111. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ento.51.110104.151039 White DT, Billington SJ, Walsh KB et al. (1997) DNA sequence analysis supports the association of phytoplasmas with papaya ( Carica papaya ) dieback, yellow crinkle, and mosaic. Australas Plant Pathol 26:28–36. https://doi.org/10.1071/AP97005. Wieczorek A, Wright M (2003) PCR detection of phytoplasma from witches' broom disease on Protea spp. (Proteaceae) and associated arthropods. Acta Hortic 602:161–166 . DOI:10.17660/ActaHortic.2003.602.23 Yazıcı G, Yildirim E (2017) Prefered host plants species by Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) species in Erzurum Province of Turkey. Entomofauna 38:193-212. Zaťko M (2002) Land Structure. In: Abaffy D, Miklós L (eds) Landscape atlas of the Slovak Republic; Slovak Environmental Agency, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia, 344 pp Zisenis M. (2015) Alien plant species: A real fear for urban ecosystems in Europe? Urban Ecosyst 18:355-370. DOI: 10.1007/s11252-014-0400-1 Zurbrügg C, Frank T (2006). Factors influencing bug diversity (Insecta: Heteroptera) in semi-natural habitats. In: Hawksworth DL, Bull AT (eds) Arthropod Diversity and Conservation. Topics in Biodiversity and Conservation, Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5204-0_17 Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-2821032","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":193362884,"identity":"dc8f3c38-aaf4-43b7-bf75-27f38884840e","order_by":0,"name":"PETER TOTH","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA2UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACCRiDvQFIGFgQpYWxAczgOQDSIoFPLboWiQQUS3EDc+ke8wcfcw7b8898fnXDjwIJBv727gS8WiznnDFsnLntMLPE7Zyymz1Ah0mcObsBrxaDGzmGzbzbDrMx3M5Ju8ED1GIgkUucFh75m2fSbv4hRYuEwQ32Y7eJssVyRlrhzJnb0g0Mz+Sw3ZYxkOAh6BdzieQNHz5us7aXO3782c03f2zk+Nt7CTiMgcMASDUDMQ+IwcCDVzlEC/sDIFUHxGDGKBgFo2AUjAJMAACN8Ur983iPawAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"PETER","middleName":"","lastName":"TOTH","suffix":""},{"id":193362887,"identity":"5607f406-2d56-4daa-a4b9-66331aff6bac","order_by":1,"name":"Veronika KRCHŇAVÁ","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Veronika","middleName":"","lastName":"KRCHŇAVÁ","suffix":""},{"id":193362888,"identity":"db49d7f8-fb55-498f-a0ef-dec6d54777aa","order_by":2,"name":"Monika TÓTHOVÁ","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Monika","middleName":"","lastName":"TÓTHOVÁ","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2023-04-15 14:14:20","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2821032/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2821032/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":36224896,"identity":"35ea209b-ee96-4fdb-a0b6-d69d0415cb45","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-04-24 14:33:49","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":1392263,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eLocation of research sites in Slovakia in 2020-2021.\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e(Google maps 2022, edited by Peter Tóth 2023)\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2821032/v1/a44c510bedc2c7f9e817252f.png"},{"id":36225390,"identity":"2db677ab-5981-48ff-b33b-e7d2b3e35d9c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-04-24 14:42:02","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1678489,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2821032/v1/5e82e614-2257-498d-8b80-9492d7779802.pdf"},{"id":36225389,"identity":"236b4560-b627-448e-adfe-1078d60cea83","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-04-24 14:41:55","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1678489,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2821032/v1/c6e9b193-55c1-48e2-a6fe-c20ff4e6ec07.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Diversity of true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) on common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) in southern Slovakia","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eCommon ragweed (\u003cem\u003eAmbrosia artemisiifolia\u003c/em\u003e /Linnaeus 1800/Asteraceae) is an invasive North American plant in Europe and elsewhere (Essl et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e; Chauvel and Cadet \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e; Guillemin and Chauvel \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e; Kazinczi and Nov\u0026aacute;k \u003cspan citationid=\"CR49\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e; Weber \u003cspan citationid=\"CR118\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e). The species has serious negative impacts on agriculture (Kazinczi et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR48\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2008\u003c/span\u003e) and human health (Storms et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR110\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1997\u003c/span\u003e, Simard and Benoit \u003cspan citationid=\"CR95\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e) and threatens biodiversity (Zisenis \u003cspan citationid=\"CR125\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e). It produces allergenic pollen that is hazardous to the human respiratory system (Bordas-Le Floch et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e; Smith et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR96\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e) and is a major cause of allergic rhinitis (Hamaoui-Laguel et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e). The native insect guild associated with common ragweed in Europe is mostly polyphagous and causes little damage. Only 18 insect species have been proposed as candidates for biological control of \u003cem\u003eA. artemisiifolia\u003c/em\u003e in Europe (Gerber et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e). True bugs/Heteroptera (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera) are a large, cosmopolitan suborder of Hemiptera that includes over 45,000 described species. This is a diverse, abundant, and globally successful group. Their trophic behavior is also diverse, ranging from herbivores to predators (Cassis \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e). Most true bugs are phytophagous (Dolling \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1991\u003c/span\u003e), and habitat characteristics are important for the structure of their guilds (Zurbr\u0026uuml;gg and Frank \u003cspan citationid=\"CR126\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2006\u003c/span\u003e). Herbivorous species include some destructive pests, while predatory species can be useful in agriculture, horticulture, and forestry (Dolling \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1991\u003c/span\u003e). Numerous sap-sucking bugs are involved in plant disease transmission (Mitchell \u003cspan citationid=\"CR72\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2004\u003c/span\u003e; Mitchell et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR73\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e). Accurate data on true bugs are scarce, e.g., on sandy grasslands (Torma et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR115\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e), in agricultural landscapes (Gibics\u0026aacute;r and Keszthelyi \u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e; Laterza et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR59\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e), or on litter and soil (Abukenova et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e), but the occurrence of heteropterans on common ragweed in its introduced range in Eurasia is an area that remains poorly studied (Maceljski and Igrc \u003cspan citationid=\"CR69\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1989\u003c/span\u003e; Kiss et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR51\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2008\u003c/span\u003e; Franin et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e; Limonta et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR63\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). Because the occurrence of heteropterans on ragweed was common, we hypothesized that they might serve as carriers or vectors of ragweed diseases. Therefore, we decided to conduct a survey in southern Slovakia to determine the species composition of Heteroptera on \u003cem\u003eA. artemisiifolia\u003c/em\u003e, their trophic preferences, and their ability to transmit and/or carry diseases. We also investigated the effects of geographic regions and local habitats on true bugs guild.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Materials And Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003eHeteropterans were collected with an insect net (30 cm diameter) by sweeping the canopy of \u003cem\u003eA. artemisiifolia\u003c/em\u003e or beating the plants (3 x 30 plants per locality). Species caught in situ were euthanized in the field with ethyl acetate (C4H8O2). Insects were monitored at 10 localities in southern Slovakia in 2020 and 2021 (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e, Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). Screening was conducted from mid-July (beginning of flowering) to mid-late August (end of flowering) in three habitat types - field margins, weedy agricultural fields, and mowed meadows. The localities had low elevation, had sandy-loam or loamy soils, warm to very warm climates, moderately moist to very dry areas, and mild to cool winters (Zaťko et al. 2002). As the crow flies, the distance between the westernmost (Balvany) and easternmost locality (Mal\u0026eacute; Trakany) was 310 km. The Jaccard similarity index was used to assess the true similarities in bug species composition between two localities (Fontoura Costa \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e; Glen \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). Trophic preferences and vectoring ability were determined using information published in the literature. Relevant entomological identification keys were used to identify the true bugs, and the identification was confirmed by Heteroptera expert Jozef Cunev, Nitra, Slovakia.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://myfiles.space/user_files/122228_c8a1650c59388082/122228_custom_files/img1682114630.png\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"},{"header":"Results And Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eDuring field surveys in 2020\u0026ndash;2021 at 10 localities throughout southern Slovakia, 2,496 Heteroptera individuals were detected in sweep samples from stands of invasive \u003cem\u003eA. artemisiifolia\u003c/em\u003e. A total of 47 species from the 12 families Nabidae, Miridae, Tingidae (Cimicomorpha), Coreidae, Rhopalidae, Stenocephalidae, Berytidae, Lygaeidae, Oxycarenidae, Rhyparochromidae, Pentatomidae, and Scutelleridae (Pentatomomorpha) were detected (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrue bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) fauna of flowering \u003cem\u003eAmbrosia artemisiifolia\u003c/em\u003e during 2020\u0026ndash;2021 in southern Slovakia\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"15\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c13\" colnum=\"13\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c14\" colnum=\"14\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c15\" colnum=\"15\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInfraorder/\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFamily/Species\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFood specialisation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBalvany\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMal\u0026aacute; nad\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHronom\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSikenička\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGemersk\u0026yacute;\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eJablonec\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTachty\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBrehov\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMal\u0026eacute;\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrakany\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStr\u0026aacute;žne\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSvatuše\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVeľk\u0026yacute;\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHoreš\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTOTAL\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRelative\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eoccurrence\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCIMICOMORPHA\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNABIDAE\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNabis (Dolichonabis) limbatus\u003c/em\u003e Dahlbom, 1851\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ezoophagous\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWachmann et al. 2006 in Malenovsk\u0026yacute; et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR117\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e185\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e336\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.46\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNabis rugosus\u003c/em\u003e (Linnaeus, 1758)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ezoophagous\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWachmann et al. 2006 in Malenovsk\u0026yacute; et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR117\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMIRIDAE\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAdelphocoris lineolatus\u003c/em\u003e (Goeze, 1778)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ephyto, poly (Fabaceae, eggs are laid to some Asteraceae)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePuchkov 1972 in Saulich \u0026amp; Musolin \u003cspan citationid=\"CR93\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e149\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e481\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAdelphocoris vandalicus\u003c/em\u003e (Rossi, 1790)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ephyto, poly (incl. Asteraceae)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYazıcı \u0026amp; Yildirim \u003cspan citationid=\"CR123\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAdelphocoris seticornis\u003c/em\u003e (Fabricius, 1775)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ephyto, oligo (Fabaceae)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWachmann et al. 2004: in Malenovsk\u0026yacute; et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR117\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDeraeocoris (Deraeocoris) ruber\u003c/em\u003e (Linnaeus, 1758)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ezoophagous\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCollyer \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1953\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDeraeocoris (Camptobrochis) punctulatus\u003c/em\u003e (Fall\u0026eacute;n, 1807)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ephytozoophagous (mostly Solanaceae)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChinajariyawong \u0026amp; Harris \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1987\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSanchez et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR92\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2003\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLygocoris (Lygocoris) pabulinus\u003c/em\u003e (Linnaeus, 1761)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ephyto, poly\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSouthwood \u0026amp; Leston 1959 in Eyles \u003cspan citationid=\"CR99\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1999\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLygus pratensis\u003c/em\u003e (Linnaeus, 1758)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ephyto, poly (incl. Asteraceae)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLu \u0026amp; Wu 2008 \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e in Saulich \u0026amp; Musolin \u003cspan citationid=\"CR93\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e171\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLygus rugulipennis\u003c/em\u003e Poppius, 1911\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ephyto, poly (Asteraceae among the most important)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHolopainen \u0026amp; Varis \u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1991\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e189\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.57\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eOrthops (Orthops) campestris\u003c/em\u003e (Linnaeus, 1758)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ephyto, oligo (Apiaceae)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWachmann et al. 2004 in Malenovsk\u0026yacute; et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR117\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eOrthotylus\u003c/em\u003e sp.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003evarious, indefinite\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eStenodema (Brachystira) calcarata\u003c/em\u003e (Fall\u0026eacute;n, 1807)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ephyto,poly (Poaceae rarely Cyperaceae and Juncaceae)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHradil et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTrigonotylus pulchellus\u003c/em\u003e (Hahn, 1834)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ephyto, poly Amaranthaceae, Fabaceae, \u003cem\u003eVitis vinifera\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLodos et al. 2003 in Kivan \u0026amp; Dirik 2016\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTINGIDAE\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCorythucha ciliata\u003c/em\u003e (Say, 1832)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ephyto, oligo (\u003cem\u003ePlatanus\u003c/em\u003e spp.)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRabitsch \u003cspan citationid=\"CR87\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2008\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDictyla echii\u003c/em\u003e (Schrank, 1782)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ephyto, oligo (Boraginaceae)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStehl\u0026iacute;k \u003cspan citationid=\"CR105\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2002\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePENTATOMOMORPHA\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCOREIDAE\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCoreus marginatus marginatus\u003c/em\u003e (Linnaeus, 1758)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ephyto, poly (Polygonaceae, Asteraceae)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePutshkov 1962 in\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePek\u0026aacute;r \u0026amp; Hruškov\u0026aacute; \u003cspan citationid=\"CR84\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2006\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eGonocerus juniperi\u003c/em\u003e (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1839)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ephyto, oligo (Cupressaceae)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRabitsch \u003cspan citationid=\"CR87\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2008\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRHOPALIDAE\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBrachycarenus tigrinus\u003c/em\u003e Schilling, 1829\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ephyto, poly (mostly Brassicaceae, Chenopodioideae, Amaranthaceae, Ericaceae)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAukema \u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1993\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCorizus hyoscyami\u003c/em\u003e hyoscyami (Linnaeus, 1758)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ephyto, poly (incl. Asteraceae)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStewart et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR109\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eChorosoma schillingii\u003c/em\u003e (Schilling, 1829)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ephyto, oligo (Poaceae)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVil\u0026iacute;mov\u0026aacute; \u0026amp; Rohanov\u0026aacute; \u003cspan citationid=\"CR116\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMyrmus miriformis miriformis\u003c/em\u003e (Fall\u0026eacute;n, 1807)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ephyto, oligo (Poaceae)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStehl\u0026iacute;k \u0026amp; Vavř\u0026iacute;nov\u0026aacute; \u003cspan citationid=\"CR106\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1989\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eStictopleurus abutilon abutilon\u003c/em\u003e (Rossi, 1790)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ephyto, oligo (Asteraceae)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHoněk et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eStictopleurus punctatonervosus\u003c/em\u003e (Goeze, 1778)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ephyto, oligo (Asteraceae)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStehl\u0026iacute;k \u0026amp; Vavř\u0026iacute;nov\u0026aacute; \u003cspan citationid=\"CR106\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1989\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRhopalus (Rhopalus) parumpunctatus\u003c/em\u003e Schilling, 1829\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ephyto, poly (incl. Asteraceae)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStehl\u0026iacute;k \u0026amp; Vavř\u0026iacute;nov\u0026aacute; \u003cspan citationid=\"CR106\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1989\u003c/span\u003e,\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEllis 2001\u0026ndash;2022\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRhopalus (Rhopalus) subrufus\u003c/em\u003e (Gmelin, 1790)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ephyto, poly (incl. Asteraceae, some preference for Lamiaceae)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStehl\u0026iacute;k \u0026amp; Vavř\u0026iacute;nov\u0026aacute; \u003cspan citationid=\"CR106\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1989\u003c/span\u003e,\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEllis 2001\u0026ndash;2022\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSTENOCEPHALIDAE\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDicranocephalus medius\u003c/em\u003e (Mulsant a Rey, 1870)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ephyto, oligo (\u003cem\u003eEuphorbia\u003c/em\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEllis 2001\u0026ndash;2022\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBERYTIDAE\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBerytinus (Berytinus) minor minor\u003c/em\u003e (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1835)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ephyto, poly (mainly Fabaceae)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEllis 2001\u0026ndash;2022, Gierlasiński et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLYGAEIDAE\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLygaeus equestris\u003c/em\u003e (Linnaeus, 1758)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ephyto, mono (\u003cem\u003eVincetoxicum hirundinaria\u003c/em\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLaukkanen et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR61\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNysius ericae ericae\u003c/em\u003e (Schilling, 1829)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ephyto, \u003cb\u003epoly\u003c/b\u003e ( incl. Asteraceae)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLinnavuori \u003cspan citationid=\"CR65\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEllis 2001\u0026ndash;2022\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1004\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNysius helveticus (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1850)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ephyto, poly (incl. Asteraceae)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEllis 2001\u0026ndash;2022\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNysius senecionis senecionis\u003c/em\u003e (Schilling, 1829)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ephyto, oligo (Asteraceae, preference for \u003cem\u003eSenecio\u003c/em\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEllis 2001\u0026ndash;2022,\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStehl\u0026iacute;k \u0026amp; Vavř\u0026iacute;nov\u0026aacute; \u003cspan citationid=\"CR107\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1997\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOXYCARENIDAE\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMetopoplax origani\u003c/em\u003e (Kolenati, 1845)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ephyto, oligo (Asteraceae)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRedei \u003cspan citationid=\"CR90\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2007\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.48\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRHYPAROCHROMIDAE\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRhyparochromus vulgaris\u003c/em\u003e (Schilling, 1829)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ephyto, poly\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(seed feeder)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStehl\u0026iacute;k \u0026amp; Vavř\u0026iacute;nov\u0026aacute; \u003cspan citationid=\"CR108\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1998\u003c/span\u003e, Ellis 2001\u0026ndash;2022\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePENTATOMIDAE\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAelia acuminata\u003c/em\u003e (Linnaeus, 1758)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ephyto, oligo (Poaceae)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStehl\u0026iacute;k \u003cspan citationid=\"CR102\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1985\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.56\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAelia klu\u003c/em\u003egii Hahn, 1833\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ephyto, oligo (Poaceae)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHal\u0026aacute;szfy \u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1959\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAelia rostrata\u003c/em\u003e (Boheman, 1852)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ephyto, oligo (Poaceae)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKment et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR52\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCarpocoris (Carpocoris) purpureipenn\u003c/em\u003eis (De Geer, 1773)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ephyto, poly (incl. Asteraceae)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStehl\u0026iacute;k \u003cspan citationid=\"CR103\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1986\u003c/span\u003e, Linnavuori \u003cspan citationid=\"CR64\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2008\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDolycoris baccarum\u003c/em\u003e (Linnaeus, 1758)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ephyto, poly (incl. Asteraceae)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eG\u0026ouml;z\u0026uuml;a\u0026ccedil;ik \u0026amp; Konuksal \u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eEurydema (Eurydema) oleracea\u003c/em\u003e (Linnaeus, 1758)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ephyto, oligo (Brassicaceae)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStehl\u0026iacute;k \u003cspan citationid=\"CR103\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1986\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eEysarcoris ventralis\u003c/em\u003e (Westwood, 1837)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ephyto, poly (incl. Asteraceae)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHemala et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eGraphosoma italicum\u003c/em\u003e (M\u0026uuml;ller, 1766)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ephyto, oligo (Apiaceae)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStehl\u0026iacute;k \u003cspan citationid=\"CR101\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1984\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePeribalus (Peribalus) strictus strictus\u003c/em\u003e (Fabricius, 1803)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ephyto, poly\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(incl. Asteraceae)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGhahari et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePiezodorus lituratus\u003c/em\u003e (Fabricius, 1794)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ephyto, poly (mainly Fabaceae)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEllis 2001\u0026ndash;2022\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHalyomorpha halys\u003c/em\u003e St\u0026aring;l, 1855\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ephyto, poly (incl. Asteraceae)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKhadka et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR50\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eZicrona caerulea\u003c/em\u003e (Linnaeus, 1758)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ezoophagous\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNoge \u0026amp; Tamogami \u003cspan citationid=\"CR76\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSCUTELLERIDAE\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eEurygaster testudinaria testudinaria\u003c/em\u003e (Geoffroy, 1785)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ephyto, poly \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(mostly Poaceae, Cyperaceae, incl. Asteraceae)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStehl\u0026iacute;k \u003cspan citationid=\"CR104\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1995\u003c/span\u003e,\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEllis 2001\u0026ndash;2022\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e296\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1594\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e134\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e208\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2496\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe phytophagous true bugs guild was the most abundant with 41 species (2,102 specimens). Polyphagous were 23 different species (2,029 specimens). These species were generalists with a wide range of host plants; therefore, it was difficult to determine their trophic preferences in detail. However, a more detailed analysis of trophic relationships revealed the dominance of polyphagous species with trophic affinity for Asteraceae (16 species, 1,979 specimens). The most common polyphagous species without trophic affinity to Asteraceae was \u003cem\u003eTrigonotylus pulchellus\u003c/em\u003e (Hahn, 1834) which occurred at most of the localities examined in this study. The remaining polyphagous species occurred in low numbers and at random in the habitats studied. The abundance of specialized species (oligophagous and monophagous) was extremely low compared to generalists. A total of 17 oligophagous species (71 specimens)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe trophic preferences of monophagous species (2 specimens) were not associated with Asteraceae.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe four most abundant herbivorous species were \u003cem\u003eNysius ericae ericae\u003c/em\u003e (Schilling 1829) (Pentatomomorpha: Lygaeidae) 44.07%, \u003cem\u003eAdelphocoris lineolatus\u003c/em\u003e (Goeze 1778) 19.27%, \u003cem\u003eLygus rugulipennis\u003c/em\u003e (Poppius 1911) 7.57%, and \u003cem\u003eLygus pratensis\u003c/em\u003e (Linnaeus 1758) 6.85% (Cimicomorpha: Miridae). All are polyphagous with trophic relationships to Asteraceae, native and widespread in Europe (Saulich and Musolin \u003cspan citationid=\"CR93\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e). In Italy, \u003cem\u003eN. ericae ericae\u003c/em\u003e was common in dry grasslands with shrubs and invasive plant invasion (Limonta et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR63\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). \u003cem\u003eN. ericae\u003c/em\u003e has also been identified as a forager on green mustard pods and a carrier of the plant pathogen \u003cem\u003eNematospora coryli\u003c/em\u003e (Burgess et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1993\u003c/span\u003e). According to Judd and Hodkinson (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR46\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1998\u003c/span\u003e), this species is associated with Asteraceae on early successional sites, sand dunes, marshes, heaths, and wastelands and on abandoned or weedy agricultural fields. Despite their polyphagy, many species of mirid bugs (Miridae) show specific feeding preferences for host plants and plant parts (Wheeler \u003cspan citationid=\"CR119\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2001\u003c/span\u003e). \u003cem\u003eA. lineolatus\u003c/em\u003e shows a strong preference for Medicago sativa - a host plant important for overwintering and early season development (Lu et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR68\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e; Pan et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR79\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e). Preferred host plants of \u003cem\u003eL. rugulipennis\u003c/em\u003e are nitrophilous wild plants (\u003cem\u003eUrtica dioica\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eArtemisia vulgaris\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eTripleurospermum inodorum\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eMatricaria matricarioides\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eSenecio vulgaris\u003c/em\u003e) and the most reported cultivated host plants are Fabaceae (\u003cem\u003eMedicago sativa\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eTrifolium pratense\u003c/em\u003e), which symbiotically fix nitrogen (Holopainen and Varis \u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1991\u003c/span\u003e). L. pratensis is biologically and ecologically close to \u003cem\u003eL. rugulipennis\u003c/em\u003e, has a similar range of host plants, and often co-occurs with the latter, although usually in smaller numbers (Puchkov \u003cspan citationid=\"CR85\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1966\u003c/span\u003e). The four most common herbivore species are known to be vectors or carriers of plant pathogens (viruses, phytoplasmas, bacteria, fungi) (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVectoring potencial and presence of viruses and Mollicutes in true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) associated with flowering \u003cem\u003eAmbrosia artemisiifolia\u003c/em\u003e during 2020\u0026ndash;2021 in Slovakia\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInfraorder/Family/Species\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFood specialisation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ecarrier/vector\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbundance (pcs)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbundance (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCIMICOMORPHA\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMIRIDAE\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAdelphocoris lineolatus\u003c/em\u003e (Goeze, 1778)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ephyto, poly (Fabaceae, eggs are laid to some Asteraceae)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCa\u003c/em\u003e. P. solani (16Sr XII) (carrier) \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Aster yellows phytoplasma (16SrI-C and 16SrI-F) (carrier)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eŠaf\u0026aacute;řov\u0026aacute; et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR113\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKorb\u0026aacute;šov\u0026aacute; \u003cspan citationid=\"CR53\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e481\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLygocoris (Lygocoris) pabulinus\u003c/em\u003e (Linnaeus, 1761)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ephyto, poly\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eErwinia amylovora\u003c/em\u003e (pear shoots) (vector)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmmet \u0026amp; Baker 1971\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLygus pratensis\u003c/em\u003e (Linnaeus, 1758)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ephyto, poly (incl. Asteraceae)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCa\u003c/em\u003e. P. solani (16Sr XII)(mixed sample of \u003cem\u003eL. pratensis\u003c/em\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e and \u003cem\u003eL. rugulipennis\u003c/em\u003e) (carrier) \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Potato leaf roll virus (PLRV), Potato virus Y (PVY), Potato virus S (PVS), Potato virus M (PVM), Potato virus A (PVA) (carrier)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBřez\u0026iacute;kov\u0026aacute; \u0026amp; Linhartov\u0026aacute; \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2007\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSobko et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR97\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR98\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e171\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLygus rugulipennis\u003c/em\u003e Poppius, 1911\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ephyto, poly (Asteraceae among the most important)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePotato leaf roll virus (PLRV), Potato virus M (PVM) (vector) \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e X-disease 16SrIII-B (in larva) (carrier) \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eCa\u003c/em\u003e. P. solani (16Sr XII) (carrier) \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAster yellows phytoplasma (16SrI-C and 16SrI-F) (carrier) \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003ePseudomonas syringae pv. aptata\u003c/em\u003e (sugar beet) (carrier)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTurka 1978 in Mitchell \u003cspan citationid=\"CR72\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2004\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrs\u0026aacute;gov\u0026aacute; et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR78\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eŠaf\u0026aacute;řov\u0026aacute; et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR113\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKorb\u0026aacute;šov\u0026aacute; \u003cspan citationid=\"CR53\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBilewicz-Pawińska 1967 in Wheeler \u003cspan citationid=\"CR119\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e189\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.57\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eOrthops (Orthops) campestris\u003c/em\u003e (Linnaeus, 1758)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ephyto, oligo (Apiaceae)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eStemphylium radicinum\u003c/em\u003e (vector) \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBech 1967 Cite in Ratnadass \u0026amp; Deguine \u003cspan citationid=\"CR89\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePENTATOMOMORPHA\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLYGAEIDAE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNysius ericae ericae\u003c/em\u003e (Schilling, 1829)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ephyto, poly (incl. Asteraceae)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNematospora coryli\u003c/em\u003e (on Brassica juncea) (carrier)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBurgess et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1993\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePENTATOMIDAE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHalyomorpha halys\u003c/em\u003e St\u0026aring;l, 1855\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ephyto, poly (incl. Asteraceae)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePaulownia witches' broom phytoplasma (16SrI-D) (vector)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHiruki \u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1999\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eL. pratensis\u003c/em\u003e has been identified as a carrier of potato viruses - Potato leaf roll virus (PLRV), Potato virus Y (PVY), Potato virus A (PVA), Potato virus S (PVS), Potato virus M (PVM) (Sobko et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR97\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e; Sobko et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR98\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). Recognized vectors for these viruses are aphids. PVRL is persistently transmitted circulatively in a persistent circulative manner, all others are not persistently transmitted and spread via tubers and mechanically (Kumar et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR56\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e; Lacomme et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR57\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e; Agindotan et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2007\u003c/span\u003e; Fuentes et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). \u003cem\u003eA. artemisiifolia\u003c/em\u003e served as a reservoir for PVY virus (Sobko et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR97\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e; Sobko et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR98\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). \u003cem\u003eL. rugulipennis\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eA. lineolatus\u003c/em\u003e were recently identified as new carriers of \u003cem\u003eCa.\u003c/em\u003e Phytoplasma solani (Šaf\u0026aacute;řov\u0026aacute; et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR113\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e). Although \u003cem\u003eCa.\u003c/em\u003e P. solani has a broad host plant range, including weeds (Quaglino \u003cspan citationid=\"CR86\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e), direct evidence of \u003cem\u003eA. artemisiifolia\u003c/em\u003e as a host plant has only recently been confirmed (Kosovac et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR54\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). Asteraceae (including \u003cem\u003eA. artemisiifolia\u003c/em\u003e) are known hosts for the Aster yellows phytoplasma (AYp). This phytoplasma was detected in \u003cem\u003eA. lineolatus\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eL. rugulipennis\u003c/em\u003e collected in southern Moravia (Czech Republic) (Korb\u0026aacute;šov\u0026aacute; \u003cspan citationid=\"CR53\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e). In another study conducted in vineyards in the same region, AYp was not detected in these two true bugs (Šaf\u0026aacute;řov\u0026aacute; et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR113\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e). The X- disease phytoplasma found in \u003cem\u003eL. rugulipennis\u003c/em\u003e infects most \u003cem\u003ePrunus\u003c/em\u003e species and potentially a wide host range of herbaceous plants including annual and perennial weeds (Jensen \u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1971\u003c/span\u003e). Recently, a phytoplasma of the X-disease group, ribosomal subgroup 16SrIII-B, was detected in some perennial herbaceous plants of the Asteraceae family, \u003cem\u003eEchinacea purpurea\u003c/em\u003e (L.) Moench. from native to North America (Fr\u0026aacute;nov\u0026aacute; et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e), \u003cem\u003eCirsium arvense\u003c/em\u003e (L.) Scop. (Rančić et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR88\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2005\u003c/span\u003e), and \u003cem\u003eArnica montana\u003c/em\u003e L. native to Europe (Pavlovic et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR81\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e) were found. It is important to note that isolation of phytoplasmas from \u003cem\u003eA. lineolatus\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eL. rugulipennis\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eL. pratensis\u003c/em\u003e does not guarantee that they can transmit the disease (Mitchel 2004). These true bug species belong to the infraorder Cimicomorpha (Heteroptera), which are characterized by a non-envelope-forming cell rupture type. Repeated intracellular penetration of their thicker stylet causes mechanical and enzymatic damage to plant tissue (Tingey and Pillemer 1977). Because phytoplasmas are obligate parasites that inhabit the living intracellular plant environment (Hogenhout et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2008\u003c/span\u003e), functional and undamaged cells are required for successful infection (Mitchel 2004). The ability of \u003cem\u003eStephanitis typica\u003c/em\u003e (Tingidae), the only Cimicomorpha species previously classified as a phytoplasma vector, to function as a vector has not been confirmed (Edwin and Mohankumar \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2007\u003c/span\u003e). Non-phloem feeding \u003cem\u003eLygus\u003c/em\u003e species preferentially feed on plant meristem tissue or developing reproductive organs (Strong \u003cspan citationid=\"CR111\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1970\u003c/span\u003e). Plant meristematic tissue is usually free of pathogens (Laimer and Bertaccini \u003cspan citationid=\"CR58\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e). Meristematic tissues in terminal buds are the main source of auxin (M\u0026uuml;ller and Leyser \u003cspan citationid=\"CR74\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e). Loss of auxin producing tissues due to feeding by \u003cem\u003eLygus\u003c/em\u003e bugs can lead to altered vegetative growth. Altered plant architecture is a result of suppressed apical dominance and increased growth of lateral branches from axillary buds (Strong \u003cspan citationid=\"CR111\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1970\u003c/span\u003e). These morphological changes can be described as umbelliferous plant habits with an apartment-topped appearance, as described for inflorescences of \u003cem\u003eArabidopsis thaliana\u003c/em\u003e (L.) Heynh. (Suzuki et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR112\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2002\u003c/span\u003e). The witches' broom symptoms induced by phytoplasmas are also associated with the loss of apical dominance of shoots (Bertaccini et al. 2022), but the change in plant habit is due to the excessive proliferation of slender shoots arising at or near the same site (Kůdela et al. 2007).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBecause phytoplasmas are phloem-limited, phloem-feeding insects can potentially ingest and transmit the pathogen (Weintraub and Beanland \u003cspan citationid=\"CR120\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2006\u003c/span\u003e). Phloem feeding is usually associated with the formation of stylet salivary sheaths (Backus \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1988\u003c/span\u003e). In Heteroptera, the formation of salivary sheaths is a common feature of the infraorder Pentatomomorpha, but their targets include mesophyll or reproductive tissue (mature seeds, developing endosperm) in addition to vascular tissue. In the case of seed feeding, leaf sheath formation is minimal (Mitchel 2004). Aster yellows phytoplasma (ribosomal subgroup Srl-A) has recently been detected in seeds and seedlings of \u003cem\u003eZea mays\u003c/em\u003e L. (Nipah et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR75\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2007\u003c/span\u003e), \u003cem\u003eBrassica napus\u003c/em\u003e L., and \u003cem\u003eB. rapa\u003c/em\u003e L. (Olivier et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR77\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e). Many Lygaeidae species feed on nutrient rich seeds, but also on plant sap (Schuh and Slater \u003cspan citationid=\"CR94\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1995\u003c/span\u003e). The most numerous seed-feeding species in our collection was \u003cem\u003eN. ericae ericae\u003c/em\u003e. Their ability to acquire phytoplasmas from seeds or other plant parts is not known, but phytoplasma DNA was found in two Lygaeoidea species, \u003cem\u003eNysius vinitor\u003c/em\u003e Bergroth and \u003cem\u003eOxycarenus maculatus\u003c/em\u003e Stal (White et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR121\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1997\u003c/span\u003e; Wieczorek and Wright \u003cspan citationid=\"CR122\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2003\u003c/span\u003e). However, there is evidence that phytoplasmas may be pathogens or beneficial symbionts of hemipteran insects (Hogenhout et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2008\u003c/span\u003e). In Slovakia, the highly polyphagous invasive \u003cem\u003eHalyomorpha halys\u003c/em\u003e St\u0026aring;l, 1855 (Pentatomomorpha: Pentatomidae) was present in the guild of species associated with \u003cem\u003eA. artemisiifolia\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003eH. halys\u003c/em\u003e transmits the Paulownia witches' broom phytoplasma. Phytoplasma isolates from China, Korea, and Japan belonged to ribosomal subgroup 16SrI (Aster yellows and related phytoplasmas) (Hiruki \u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1999\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe fifth most abundant species was the predatory true bug \u003cem\u003eNabis\u003c/em\u003e (\u003cem\u003eDolichonabis\u003c/em\u003e) \u003cem\u003elimbatus\u003c/em\u003e Dahlbom, 1851 (Nabidae) with a relative abundance of 13.46%. Nabids are predators of leafhoppers (Auchenorrhyncha), aphids (Sternorrhyncha), leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), and eggs and larvae of Lepidoptera. Several species are also predators of Miridae, especially the genus \u003cem\u003eLygus\u003c/em\u003e (Lattin, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR60\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1989\u003c/span\u003e). \u003cem\u003eN. limbatus\u003c/em\u003e occurred at all observed localities, except of Sv\u0026auml;tuše. In Sv\u0026auml;tuše, only one specimen of \u003cem\u003eN. rugosus\u003c/em\u003e (Linnaeus, 1758) was found at the field margins. There is evidence that nabids respond to habitat manipulation. Higher populations are found in more diverse agroecosystems where insecticides are not used (Hammond and Stinner \u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1987\u003c/span\u003e). Because there is evidence that nabids feed on plants to obtain water (Ridgway and Jones \u003cspan citationid=\"CR91\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1968\u003c/span\u003e), the use of systemic insecticides may negatively affect their populations (Lentz et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR62\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1983\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA few specimens of \u003cem\u003eZicrona caerulea\u003c/em\u003e (Linnaeus, 1758) (Pentatomidae) found at two surveyed localities were predaceous. The species is usually associated with \u003cem\u003eOenothera biennis\u003c/em\u003e L. (Onagraceae) infested by herbivores outside of agricultural land. \u003cem\u003eO. biennis\u003c/em\u003e may act as a companion plant that maintains this predatory true bug in the field margin and inside the crop field (Noge and Tamogami \u003cspan citationid=\"CR76\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe predominantly phytophagous Miridae included a zoophagous species, \u003cem\u003eDeraeocoris\u003c/em\u003e (\u003cem\u003eDeraeocoris\u003c/em\u003e) \u003cem\u003eruber\u003c/em\u003e (Linnaeus, 1758) and a few specimens of the zoophytophagous \u003cem\u003eDeraeocoris\u003c/em\u003e (\u003cem\u003eCamptobrochis\u003c/em\u003e) \u003cem\u003epunctulatus\u003c/em\u003e (Fall\u0026eacute;n, 1807). \u003cem\u003eD. punctulatus\u003c/em\u003e was most abundant on solanaceous plants (Sanchez et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR92\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2003\u003c/span\u003e) and frequently fed on the whitefly \u003cem\u003eBemisia tabaci\u003c/em\u003e (Gennadius, 1889) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Stam and Elmosa \u003cspan citationid=\"CR100\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1990\u003c/span\u003e). \u003cem\u003eB. tabaci\u003c/em\u003e is an important and versatile vector of plant viruses (Fiallo-Oliv\u0026eacute; et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e). Zoophytophagous true bugs feed on plants and prey on arthropods, both of which can harbor plant viruses or phytoplasmas, for example. Zoophytophagous generalists such as \u003cem\u003eMacrolophus pygmaeus\u003c/em\u003e (Rambur, 1839) and \u003cem\u003eNesidiocoris tenuis\u003c/em\u003e (Reuter, 1895) (Miridae) are widely used biological control agents. Feeding damage to potato plants caused by these mirid bugs did not result in transmission potato virus Y (Pazyuk and Fominykh \u003cspan citationid=\"CR82\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e). On the other hand, phytophagy of \u003cem\u003eN. tenuis\u003c/em\u003e or \u003cem\u003eM. pygmaeus\u003c/em\u003e on pepper plants reduced Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus replication by activating of the jasmonate and salicylate pathways (Bouagga et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e; Per\u0026eacute;z-Hedo et al. 2022). Another efficient zoophytophagous predators used in biological control are from the genus Orius (Anthocoridae). Phytoplasma was detected in \u003cem\u003eOrius\u003c/em\u003e sp. preying upon \u003cem\u003eAceria proteae\u003c/em\u003e (Acarina: Eriophyiidae) bearing a high concentration of the pathogen. \u003cem\u003eOrius\u003c/em\u003e sp. is not thought to act as a vector, but it has not been studied (Wieczorek and Wright \u003cspan citationid=\"CR122\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2003\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe highest similarity of true bug species was observed in pair combination of distant localities with low species diversity - Sikenička, Gemersk\u0026yacute; Jablonec, and Str\u0026aacute;žne (60\u0026ndash;70%). Most of the pair-wise combined localities had a low species similarity with the median of Jaccard index 28% (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e). This suggests the differences in Heteroptera species composition at the localities studied and a weak relationship with habitats and \u003cem\u003eA. artemisiifolia\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJaccard similarity index (%) of true bug species on \u003cem\u003eAmbrosia artemisiifolia\u003c/em\u003e by pairwise compared sites and quantitative characteristics of heteropteran guild. Heteroptera were collected throughout southern Slovakia in 2020\u0026ndash;2021.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"11\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSites\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBalvany\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMal\u0026aacute; n/Hronom\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSikenička\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGemersk\u0026yacute;\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eJablonec\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTachty\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBrehov\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMal\u0026eacute;\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrakany\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStr\u0026aacute;žne\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSv\u0026auml;tuše\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVeľk\u0026yacute; Horeš\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBalvany\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMal\u0026aacute; n/Hronom\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9/28*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSikenička\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6/12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7/30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGemersk\u0026yacute;\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eJablonec\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6/14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7/22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6/10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTachty\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4/14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4/33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4/11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4/12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBrehov\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5/12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6/30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5/8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5/10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5/8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMal\u0026eacute;\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrakany\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7/25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11/37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5/23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5/24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7/21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6/20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStr\u0026aacute;žne\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6/13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8/30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6/9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7/10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4/11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5/9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6/23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSv\u0026auml;tuše\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5/16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5/36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4/14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4/16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5/13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4/13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8/24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4/15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVeľk\u0026yacute;\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHoreš\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6/16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7/34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6/12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6/14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5/12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5/12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7/24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6/13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5/17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e* The number of same species on both sites / amount of all species in both sites\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe studied three habitats, the most predominant ones were field margins, ragweed/weed infested agricultural fields and a mowed meadow, in three geographical areas of southern Slovakia (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). We believe that the composition of the landscape surrounding each field studied had a stronger influence on the composition and abundance of insect species than the field vegetation itself. The main reason for this could be the prevalence of polyphagous species and the presence of oligophagous species without trophic affinity to Asteraceae (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). Like other pest species, heteropterans are good fliers and colonisers that use and traverse different habitat types during their life cycle (Fauvel \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1999\u003c/span\u003e), and in summer \u003cem\u003eA. artemisiifolia\u003c/em\u003e provided a suitable food source (maturing seeds on the main inflorescence and terminal buds on side shoots) for both infraorder representatives. Weeds are an important alternative food source and play a significant role in promoting biodiversity in agroecosystems (Capinera \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2005\u003c/span\u003e; Marshall et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR70\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2003\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe studied localities in southern Slovakia showed low species similarity of true bugs with Jaccard index averaging median 28% and weak relationship with habitats and \u003cem\u003eA. artemisiifolia\u003c/em\u003e. The community of true bugs was composed of 16 species of the infraorder Cimicomorpha (51.48%) and 31 species of infraorder Pentatomomorpha (48.52%). The Cimicomorpha species, \u003cem\u003eAdelphocoris lineolatus\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eLygus pratensis\u003c/em\u003e, were recorded at all 10 localities, \u003cem\u003eNabis limbatus\u003c/em\u003e at 9, \u003cem\u003eLygus rugulipennis\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eTrigonotylus pulchellus\u003c/em\u003e at 8 localities. \u003cem\u003eNysius ericae ericae\u003c/em\u003e occurred at 6 localities and accounted for 90.83% of all Pentatomomorpha species. The remaining species occurred irregularly. Therefore, we assume that the landscape surrounding each studied field had a stronger influence on the species composition and abundance of the bugs than the vegetation of the field. 69.6% of the polyphagous species had trophic relationships with Asteraceae. The most numerous herbivorous Cimicomorpha species (\u003cem\u003eA. lineolaris\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eL. rugulipennis\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eL. pratensis\u003c/em\u003e) are known to be carriers of plant viruses or phytoplasmas. The only documented carrier of phytoplasmas is \u003cem\u003eHalyomorpha halys\u003c/em\u003e (Pentatomomorpha), which transmits Aster yellows and related phytoplasmas to Paulownia trees. \u003cem\u003eA. artemisiifolia\u003c/em\u003e is a known reservoir for several plant viruses and phytoplasmas, including Aster yellows disease. From our results and the literature review, we can conclude that Heteroptera remains a less important vector of phytoplasmas. \u003cem\u003eA. artemisiifolia\u003c/em\u003e serves as an important reservoir for plant pests and provides an alternative food source for true bugs in summer, after crop harvest. Therefore, it plays an important role in maintaining populations of polyphagous true bugs in the studied agricultural habitats in southern Slovakia.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe research was supported by the Agency for Scientific Promotion of the Ministry of Education of the Slovak Republic VEGA 1/0467/22 and the Slovak Agency for Research and Development under contract number SK-SRB -21-0045.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors\u0026apos; addresses:\u003c/strong\u003e Peter T\u0026Oacute;TH (corresponding author: [email protected]), Monika T\u0026Oacute;THOV\u0026Aacute;, Veronika KRCHŇAV\u0026Aacute;, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Institute of Agronomic Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor contributions:\u003c/strong\u003e conceptualization, P.T.; methodology, P.T.; validation, P.T., M.T.; formal analysis, P.T., M.T.; investigation, P.T., V.K.; resources, P.T.; data maintenance, P.T., V.K.; preparation of original draft, P.T., M.T.; revision and editing, P.T., M.T.; supervision, P.T.; project management, P.T., M.T.; acquisition of funding, P.T. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003eConflict of interest\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors have no relevant financial or nonfinancial interests to disclose.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAbukenova VS, Slavchenko NP, Kartbayeva GT, Myrzabayev A.B.; Yeshmagambetova, A.B.; Duzbayeva, N.M.; Kabbassova, M.T.; Abukenova, AK (2022) Composition and Ecological Structure of the Fauna of Litter and Soil True Bugs (Insecta, Heteroptera) in Kazakh Upland (Central Kazakhstan) Pine Forests. Diversity 14:618. https://doi.org/10.3390/d14080618\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAgindotan BO, Shiel PJ, Berger PH (2007) Simultaneous detection of potato viruses, PLRV, PVA, PVX and PVY from dormant potato tubers by TaqMan real-time RT-PCR. 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Australas Plant Pathol 26:28\u0026ndash;36. https://doi.org/10.1071/AP97005.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWieczorek A, Wright M (2003) PCR detection of phytoplasma from witches\u0026apos; broom disease on \u003cem\u003eProtea\u003c/em\u003e spp. (Proteaceae) and associated arthropods.\u003cem\u003e \u003c/em\u003eActa Hortic 602:161\u0026ndash;166\u003cem\u003e. \u003c/em\u003eDOI:10.17660/ActaHortic.2003.602.23\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eYazıcı G, Yildirim E (2017) Prefered host plants species by Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) species in Erzurum Province of Turkey. Entomofauna 38:193-212. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZaťko M (2002) Land Structure. In: Abaffy D, Miklós L (eds) Landscape atlas of the Slovak Republic; Slovak Environmental Agency, Bansk\u0026aacute; Bystrica, Slovakia, 344 pp\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZisenis M. (2015) Alien plant species: A real fear for urban ecosystems in Europe? Urban Ecosyst 18:355-370. DOI: 10.1007/s11252-014-0400-1 \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZurbr\u0026uuml;gg C, Frank T (2006). Factors influencing bug diversity (Insecta: Heteroptera) in semi-natural habitats. In: Hawksworth DL, Bull AT (eds) Arthropod Diversity and Conservation. Topics in Biodiversity and Conservation, Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5204-0_17\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"insect guild, habitat, invasive weed, vectors, carriers, Cimicomorpha, Pentatomomorpha, plant pathogens ","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2821032/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2821032/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eCommon ragweed (\u003cem\u003eAmbrosia artemisiifolia\u003c/em\u003e Linnaeus 1800) is an exceptional invasive species. Information on true bugs occurring on ragweed plants is limited in the invasion region. The objective of this study was to determine the species composition of Heteroptera associated with \u003cem\u003eA. artemisiifolia\u003c/em\u003e, assess their vectoring potential based on a literature review, and compare species similarity on the surveyed fields. Field surveys were conducted in 2020\u0026ndash;2021 at 10 sites in southern Slovakia. Sweeping and visual observations were conducted in field margins, weedy agricultural fields, and mowed meadows infested with \u003cem\u003eA. artemisiifolia\u003c/em\u003e. As part of the study, food specialization, abundance of each species, and their assignment to families were determined in detail. The Jaccard similarity index was used to evaluate the similarity of species composition among the sites studied. A total of 2,492 true bugs were recorded, representing 47 species of Heteroptera from 12 families. The most common phytophagous species were \u003cem\u003eNysius ericae ericae\u003c/em\u003e (Schilling 1829) (Pentatomomorpha, Lygaeidae), \u003cem\u003eAdelphocoris lineolatus\u003c/em\u003e (Goeze 1778), \u003cem\u003eLygus rugulipennis\u003c/em\u003e (Poppius 1911), \u003cem\u003eLygus pratensis\u003c/em\u003e (Linnaeus 1758) (Cimicomorpha, Miridae), and a zoophagous species \u003cem\u003eNabis\u003c/em\u003e (\u003cem\u003eDolichonabis\u003c/em\u003e) \u003cem\u003elimbatus\u003c/em\u003e (Dahlbom 1851) (Cimicomorpha, Nabidae). The similarity of species in paired localities was low, with highly migratory and polyphagous species dominating, able to cross the field from the adjacent landscape. \u003cem\u003eA. artemisiifolia\u003c/em\u003e is a known host for plant viruses and phytoplasmas, and several Heteroptera species are carriers of these plant pathogens. \u003cem\u003eHalyomorpha halys\u003c/em\u003e was the only detected carrier of phytoplasmas, and its abundance on \u003cem\u003eA. artemisiifolia\u003c/em\u003e was extremely low.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Diversity of true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) on common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) in southern Slovakia","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2023-04-24 14:33:45","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2821032/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"0f359571-1179-41d3-a679-419021275fee","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 24th, 2023","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2023-04-24T14:41:47+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2023-04-24 14:33:45","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-2821032","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-2821032","identity":"rs-2821032","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"_2-kVJe1T_tPrBINL-cwx","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}